The purpose of this study is to quantify the effects of heat flux sensor design and interaction with both test article material choice and geometry on heat flux measurements. It is the public domain component of a larger study documenting issues inherent in heat flux measurement. Direct and indirect heat flux measurement techniques were tested in three thermally diverse model materials at the same Mach 6 test condition, with a total pressure of 1200 psi and total temperature of 1188° R, and compared to the steady analytic Fay-Riddell solution for the stagnation heat flux on a hemisphere. A 1/8 in. fast response Schmidt-Boelter gage and a 1/16 in. Coaxial thermocouple mounted in ¾ in. diameter stainless steel, MACOR, and Graphite hemispheres were chosen as the test articles for this study. An inverse heat flux calculation was performed using the coaxial thermocouple temperature data for comparison with the Schmidt-Boelter gage. Before wind tunnel testing, the model/sensor combinations were tested in a radiative heat flux calibration rig at known static and dynamic heat fluxes from 1 to 20 BTU/ft2/s. During wind tunnel testing, the chosen conditions yielded stagnation point convective heat flux of 15-60 BTU/ft2/s, depending on the stagnation point wall temperature of the model. A computational fluid dynamic study with conjugate heat transfer was also undertaken to further study the complex mechanisms at work. The overall study yielded complex results that prove classic methodology for inverse heat flux calculation and direct heat flux measurement require more knowledge of the thermal environment than a simple match of material properties. Internal and external model geometry, spatial and temporal variations of the heat flux, and the level of thermal contact between the sensor and the test article can all result in a calculated or measured heat flux that is not correct even with a thermally matched sensor. The results of this study supported the conclusions of many previous studies but also examined the complex physics involved across heat flux measurement techniques using new tools, and some general guidance for heat flux sensor design and use, and suggestions for further research are provided. / Ph. D.

This thesis examines Google’s Executive Chairman Eric E. Schmidt’s speech at the European Innovation Convention 2011 from the perspectives of Kenneth Burke’s dramatism and identification theories. In the wider context it aims to contribute to the analyses of human progress traced through the history of our technologies and inventions. These breakthroughs do not happen or spread without beneficial influences from societal institutions in spheres like culture, philosophy, politics and law. Language is the creator and carrier of these institutions. A complicated “ecosystem” of culture, science, financing, laws and regulations, affects the possibilities for economic growth through innovation. Perhaps due to the contested legitimacy of corporations in the democratic process, the study of the messages of corporate entities in the political arena seems to be a fairly unexplored dimension of traditional rhetorical analysis of politics. Through rhetorical criticism the author seeks to better understand Google’s communication in this area, and to gain further insights into the communication strategies that companies may use to influence such complex fields of politics as Innovation Policy.

Gowers, dans son article sur les matrices quasi-aléatoires, étudie la question, posée par Babai et Sos, de l'existence d'une constante $c>0$ telle que tout groupe fini possède un sous-ensemble sans produit de taille supérieure ou égale a $c|G|$. En prouvant que, pour tout nombre premier $p$ assez grand, le groupe $PSL_2(\mathbb{F}_p)$ (d'ordre noté $n$) ne posséde aucun sous-ensemble sans produit de taille $c n^{8/9}$, il y répond par la négative. Nous allons considérer le probléme dans le cas des groupes compacts finis, et plus particuliérement des groupes profinis $SL_k(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ et $Sp_{2k}(\mathbb{Z}_p)$. La premiére partie de cette thése est dédiée à l'obtention de bornes inférieures et supérieures exponentielles pour la mesure suprémale des ensembles sans produit. La preuve nécessite d'établir préalablement une borne inférieure sur la dimension des représentations non-triviales des groupes finis $SL_k(\mathbb{Z}/(p^n\mathbb{Z}))$ et $Sp_{2k}(\mathbb{Z}/(p^n\mathbb{Z}))$. Notre théoréme prolonge le travail de Landazuri et Seitz, qui considérent le degré minimal des représentations pour les groupes de Chevalley sur les corps finis, tout en offrant une preuve plus simple que la leur. La seconde partie de la thése à trait à la théorie algébrique des nombres. Un polynome monogéne $f$ est un polynome unitaire irréductible à coefficients entiers qui endengre un corps de nombres monogéne. Pour un nombre premier $q$ donné, nous allons montrer, en utilisant le théoréme de densité de Tchebotariov, que la densité des nombres premiers $p$ tels que $t^q -p$ soit monogéne est supérieure ou égale à $(q-1)/q$. Nous allons également démontrer que, quand $q=3$, la densité des nombres premiers $p$ tels que $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{p})$ soit non monogéne est supérieure ou égale à $1/9$. / Gowers in his paper on quasirandom groups studies a question of Babai and Sos asking whether there exists a constant $c > 0$ such that every finite group $G$ has a product-free subset of size at least $c|G|$. Answering the question negatively, he proves that for sufficiently large prime $p$, the group $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{F}_p)$ has no product-free subset of size $\geq cn^{8/9}$, where $n$ is the order of $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{F}_p)$. We will consider the problem for compact groups and in particular for the profinite groups $\SL_k(\mathh{Z}_p)$ and $\Sp_{2k}(\mathbb{Z}_p)$. In Part I of this thesis, we obtain lower and upper exponential bounds for the supremal measure of the product-free sets. The proof involves establishing a lower bound for the dimension of non-trivial representations of the finite groups $\SL_k(\mathbb{Z}/(p^n\mathbb{Z}))$ and $\Sp_{2k}(\mathbb{Z}/(p^n\mathbb{Z}))$. Indeed, our theorem extends and simplifies previous work of Landazuri and Seitz, where they consider the minimal degree of representations for Chevalley groups over a finite field. In Part II of this thesis, we move to algebraic number theory. A monogenic polynomial $f$ is a monic irreducible polynomial with integer coefficients which produces a monogenic number field. For a given prime $q$, using the Chebotarev density theorem, we will show the density of primes $p$, such that $t^q-p$ is monogenic, is greater than or equal to $(q-1)/q$. We will also prove that, when $q=3$, the density of primes $p$, which $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{p})$ is non-monogenic, is at least $1/9$.

Reiseberichte gelten als „Urszenarien der abendländischen Literatur“ (Brenner, Peter J.: Artikel „Reiseliteratur“, in: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit, Bd. 10, Sp. 1019–1926, hier Sp. 1019). Sie waren und sind Ausdruck des menschlichen Bedürfnisses, sich Erfahrungswissen über die Außen - welt und die Menschen, die in ihr leben, anzueignen. Doch nicht nur Gesandte und Gelehrte, Pilger oder Missionare wussten von fremden Welten jenseits des christlichen Europas zu berichten. Fernab elitärer Kreise waren es mitunter Männer aus dem „gemeinen Volk“, die als Söldner in Gefangenschaft gerieten und nach geglückter Heimkehr eine Beschreibung ihrer Beobachtungen und Erlebnisse anfertigen ließen.

Gowers, dans son article sur les matrices quasi-aléatoires, étudie la question, posée par Babai et Sos, de l'existence d'une constante $c>0$ telle que tout groupe fini possède un sous-ensemble sans produit de taille supérieure ou égale a $c|G|$. En prouvant que, pour tout nombre premier $p$ assez grand, le groupe $PSL_2(\mathbb{F}_p)$ (d'ordre noté $n$) ne posséde aucun sous-ensemble sans produit de taille $c n^{8/9}$, il y répond par la négative. Nous allons considérer le probléme dans le cas des groupes compacts finis, et plus particuliérement des groupes profinis $SL_k(\mathbb{Z}_p)$ et $Sp_{2k}(\mathbb{Z}_p)$. La premiére partie de cette thése est dédiée à l'obtention de bornes inférieures et supérieures exponentielles pour la mesure suprémale des ensembles sans produit. La preuve nécessite d'établir préalablement une borne inférieure sur la dimension des représentations non-triviales des groupes finis $SL_k(\mathbb{Z}/(p^n\mathbb{Z}))$ et $Sp_{2k}(\mathbb{Z}/(p^n\mathbb{Z}))$. Notre théoréme prolonge le travail de Landazuri et Seitz, qui considérent le degré minimal des représentations pour les groupes de Chevalley sur les corps finis, tout en offrant une preuve plus simple que la leur. La seconde partie de la thése à trait à la théorie algébrique des nombres. Un polynome monogéne $f$ est un polynome unitaire irréductible à coefficients entiers qui endengre un corps de nombres monogéne. Pour un nombre premier $q$ donné, nous allons montrer, en utilisant le théoréme de densité de Tchebotariov, que la densité des nombres premiers $p$ tels que $t^q -p$ soit monogéne est supérieure ou égale à $(q-1)/q$. Nous allons également démontrer que, quand $q=3$, la densité des nombres premiers $p$ tels que $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{p})$ soit non monogéne est supérieure ou égale à $1/9$. / Gowers in his paper on quasirandom groups studies a question of Babai and Sos asking whether there exists a constant $c > 0$ such that every finite group $G$ has a product-free subset of size at least $c|G|$. Answering the question negatively, he proves that for sufficiently large prime $p$, the group $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{F}_p)$ has no product-free subset of size $\geq cn^{8/9}$, where $n$ is the order of $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{F}_p)$. We will consider the problem for compact groups and in particular for the profinite groups $\SL_k(\mathh{Z}_p)$ and $\Sp_{2k}(\mathbb{Z}_p)$. In Part I of this thesis, we obtain lower and upper exponential bounds for the supremal measure of the product-free sets. The proof involves establishing a lower bound for the dimension of non-trivial representations of the finite groups $\SL_k(\mathbb{Z}/(p^n\mathbb{Z}))$ and $\Sp_{2k}(\mathbb{Z}/(p^n\mathbb{Z}))$. Indeed, our theorem extends and simplifies previous work of Landazuri and Seitz, where they consider the minimal degree of representations for Chevalley groups over a finite field. In Part II of this thesis, we move to algebraic number theory. A monogenic polynomial $f$ is a monic irreducible polynomial with integer coefficients which produces a monogenic number field. For a given prime $q$, using the Chebotarev density theorem, we will show the density of primes $p$, such that $t^q-p$ is monogenic, is greater than or equal to $(q-1)/q$. We will also prove that, when $q=3$, the density of primes $p$, which $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{p})$ is non-monogenic, is at least $1/9$.

The coastline along Högklint and Gråberget, Gotland, Sweden, was examined in order to establish therate of cliff erosion, erosion patterns, as well as some of the driving factors of the erosional processes in the area. Picture comparisons of the coastline reveal some major geomorphological changes in the area over the last 100 years, and the coast is still changing. At present, gardens are slowly disappearing over the cliff edge, and during storms Buske fishing place is threatened to be destroyed.Cliff retreat values could be obtained on two locations with the help of a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system. Scans were made with the LiDAR in January and May 2013. The scans were latercompared in CloudCompare and a mean erosion rate of 0.159 m/a was obtained for the Högklint siteand 0.123 m/a for the Gråberget site. The cliffs were also studied with a Schmidt hammer that clearly showed how that the cliff face was more eroded below the visible groundwater table than above it. With Gemini Tinytag data loggers temperatures were measured from October 2012 to May 2013 at the surface of the cliff face and inside the cliff at a depth of 4.5 cm and 9.5 cm. It could be concluded that tempera- tures were within the frost-cracking window (-10 to -3 ºC) for 19.7 Julian days, not consecutive. Due to the visibly high water content in the cliff and temperatures within the frost-cracking window, ice segre- gation within the cliff is a possible eroding factor in the area.The cliffs are subjected to erosion caused by ground-, melt-, and rainwater in a significant degree, possibly even more so than by the impact of breaking waves. It is important that the municipality ofGotland takes action to prevent further damage on personal property and to prevent personal injury. Todo this further studies needs to be done on how future climate change will effect the coast and rate oferosion. / Kuststräckan längs med Högklint och Gråberget, Gotland, Sverige, undersöktes för att etablera erosionshastighet,erosionsmönster och de drivande erosionsprocesserna i området. Genom återfotografering ochbildjämförelse av kuststräckan konstateras stora geomorfologiska förändringar de senaste 100 åren.Kustförändringarna är en pågående process. I dagsläget försvinner trädgårdar bit för bit över klintkantenoch vid varje storm hotas Buske fiskeläge att förstöras.Med en Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) radar erhölls data över hur mycket som försvunnitfrån klinten på två platser längs området. LiDAR- skanningarna gjordes i januari och maj 2013. Mätningarnajämfördes sedan i CloudCompare och visade på ett medelvärde av erosionshastigheten på0,159 m/a för platsen vid Högklint och 0,123 m/a för platsen vid Gråberget. Klintarna undersöktes ocksåmed en Schmidt-hammare. Resultatet visar hur klippväggen är mer eroderad under den synliga grundvattennivånän över den. Mellan oktober 2012 och maj 2013 mättes temperaturen på klintväggen, samt4,5 cm och 9,5 cm inne i berget, med hjälp av Gimini Tinytag datainsamlare. Resultatet visar att temperaturenlåg inom spannet för frostsprängning, dvs -10 till -3 ºC, i sammanlagt 19,7 dygn. Dessa lågatemperaturer tillsammans med den höga andelen synligt vatten i klinten möjliggör för bildandet avsegregationsis inne i klinten. Detta kan vara en bidragande orsak till uppluckring av klintväggen ocherosion i området.En betydande del av klinterosionen längs med kusten sker på grund av grund-, smält-, och regnvatten,kanske till och med i högre grad än brytande vågor. Det är viktigt att Gotlands kommun vidtar åtgärderför att förhindra skada på egendom och personskador. Mer studier behövs för att ta reda på hur framtidaklimatförändringar kommer att påverka klintarna och erosionshastigheten längs med kusten.

Considérées, aujourd’hui, comme des œuvres majeures de la littérature allemande du XXe siècle, Scènes de la vie d’un faune et L’Ombre du corps du cocher sont, à l’origine, deux textes pour le moins à part dans le paysage littéraire allemand du début des années 1950 – au point que celui de Weiss n’a même pas trouvé d’éditeur avant 1960. La présente étude analyse les deux récits autodiégétiques à partir des traits saillants suivants : leur dispositif d’énonciation à double voix (narrateur vs. instance auctoriale non anthropomorphe), leurs réseaux de métaphores à valeur poétologique, et surtout les multiples interactions entre le foisonnement des microséquences descriptives et les macroséquences narratives quelque peu occultées par les premières, mais toujours indéniablement présentes. Dès lors, l’analyse dégage les implications esthético-politiques de chacun des deux textes ; en résonance avec des intertextes soit romantiques et d’ordre mythique (pour Scènes de la vie d’un faune), soit surréalistes et freudiens (pour L’Ombre du corps du cocher), chacun soulève une question ‘explosive’ en ce qu’elle est négligée ou évitée par la production littéraire allemande dominante de ces années-là. L’idylle convulsive d’Arno Schmidt : Quel est le prix à payer pour un récit fictionnel traitant de l’époque national-socialiste qui ne veut pas renoncer au plaisir de la métaphore ? Le psychodrame chosifié de Peter Weiss : Quelles zones la littérature allemande de l’après-guerre laisse-t-elle dans l’ombre en se tournant entièrement vers le recensement du monde extérieur et en optant pour un langage prétendument univoque, apposant des contours stables au réel ? / Today, Scenes from the Life of a Faun and The Shadow of the Coachman’s Body are considered as major works of the 20th century German literature ; originally however, at the beginning of the 1950s, they were rather isolated in the German-language literary landscape – to such an extent that Peter Weiss’ text was not even published until 1960. The present work analyses the two auto-diegetic narratives by choosing the following axes of comparison : the tension between the narrator’s voice and the voice of the authorial, non anthropomorphic instance ; the networks of metaphors with poetological implications and, above all, the interaction between the abounding descriptive micro-sequences and the narrative macro-sequences, somewhat hidden behind the descriptions but nonetheless and undeniably present. By following these tracks, the analysis shows the aesthetic-political implications of the two texts ; echoing with either romantic and myth-like (as far as Scenes from the Life of a Faun is concerned) or surrealist and Freudian (The Shadow of the Coachman’s Body) intertexts, each of the texts raises a specific ‘explosive’ question, neglected or avoided by the dominant literary production. Thus, Arno Schmidt’s convulsive idyll asks : What is the price to pay for a fictional narrative about the Nazi-years if it is not willing to give up the pleasures of the metaphor ? And Peter Weiss’ matter-of-fact psycho-drama : What is it that post-war German literature keeps out by focusing entirely on the outlines of the exterior world and by relying on a supposedly non-metaphorical language with stable meanings ?

Exploration of the familial power women possess is growing as sociologists and anthropologists recognize the legitimacy of power internal to the family. The focus of this research was to uncover the forms of power German-Russian women held as they operated in the private sphere of the family. Attention also focused on the transference of women's power, and the family power dynamics unique to farm families. Members of three generations of one German-Russian farm family were interviewed. The results indicated German-Russian women operated from bases of power derived from their roles as farm wives who contributed to family sustenance, and as caretakers and kinkeepers, maintaining family cohesion. While male power is largely public and formal, women's reliance on the bonds of familial relationships across generations lend them greater power in that realm.

Die „Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Dresden“ veröffentlichen in sieben Bänden Werke des Dresdner Hofkapellmeisters Johann Christoph Schmidt (1664-1728) aus Hohnstein/Sächsische Schweiz, einem von der Dresdner Musikgeschichtsschreibung vergessenen Komponisten. Als erster Band erscheint unter der Editionsnummer 22 die Partitur des Motetto „Auf Gott hoffe ich“ für Alt-Solo, Chor und Orchester für 14 Stimmen. Die Ausgabe basiert auf einer Übertragung von Kirchenmusikdirektor Ulrich Meier, Auerbach/Vogtland, die im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit an der Hochschule für Kirchenmusik Dresden 2001 entstand. Das Werk existiert nur in einer fehlerfreien Abschrift von Johann Sebastian Bach, die dieser vermutlich zwischen 1714 und 1716 offenbar für den eigenen Gebrauch in Weimar angefertigt hat.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Illustration and translation have so much in common that the theoretical "instruments" used to describe, substantiate and evaluate translated works, can also be used where picture books are concerned. These similarities include the fact that illustrations as well as translations function semiotically - both relay narratives by means of systems of signs or codes. As signs, the contents of translations and illustrations have meaning or obtain significance only once they are read by an individual - homo significons - in a specific context. Another significant similarity between translation and illustration is the fact that both deal with the intercultural transfer of a narrative. The theory of translation takes cognisance of the contextual and, from the perspective of gender and postcolonial studies, points to the fact that cultural differences (and the power imbalances and ideologies they often imply) are closely linked to translation strategies. The literary environment and the circumstances in which the translation (or picture book) is produced, are also relevant for the meaning that can be ascribed to the picture book. In the literary environment (and indeed in most academic disciplines) the didactic benefit of picture books is accentuated more or takes precedence over the aesthetic qualities which these may have. Key concepts and theorists for this study are: • illustrations and translations as rewritings can be worthy and influential renderings of the source text • intertextuality will be the undisputed starting point for the (inevitably interdisciplinary) study of picture books • the skopos-theory according to which the objective of the book greatly determines the appearance and meaning thereof • Riitta Oittinen's theory of translation according to carnivalism which focuses on the child receptor Geoff Moss' and Jens Thiele's reference to ambiguity and experimentation in picture books Edward Venuti's reference to two (apparently opposing) translation strategies, namely domestication and foreignization. With this study I conclude that meaning in translated picture books is brought to the text by all participants and can therefore never be completed. Picture book illustrations as aesthetic products demand that the rewriter experiment with the narrative in a carnavalistic and unrestricted manner. At the same time, however, the illustrator or tranlator should anchor this experimentation in reality by meeting other role players (publishers, educationalists, literary theorists, authors and readers) in dialogical rewriting. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Illustrasie toon soveelooreenkomste met vertaling dat die teoretiese "instrumente" waarmee vertaalde werk beskryf, begrond en beoordeel word, ook ten opsigte van prenteboeke gebruik kan word. Hierdie ooreenkomste sluit in dat sowel illustrasies as vertalings semioties funksioneer deurdat hulle narratiewe deur middel van tekensisteme of kodes oordra. As tekens kry die inhoud van vertalings en illustrasies egter eers betekenis of maak hulle sin wanneer hulle in 'n bepaalde konsteks deur 'n mens, homo significans, gelees word. 'n Ander belangrike ooreenkoms tussen vertaling en illustrasie is dat albei handeloor die interkulturele oordrag van 'n narratief. Die vertaalteorie neem pertinent kennis van die konteks van die geskrewe werk en wys byvoorbeeld vanuit genderstudies en postkoloniale studies daarop dat kulturele ongelykhede (en die magswanbalanse en ideologie daaraan verbonde) dikwels onderliggend aan 'n vertaalstrategie is. Die literêre en produksie-omgewing en -omstandighede waarin die vertaling (of prenteboek) tot stand kom is ook relevant vir die betekenis wat aan die prenteboek toegedig kan word. In die literêre omgewing (en trouens in die meeste akademiese dissiplines) word prenteboeke se didaktiese nut veel eerder beklemtoon of erken as die estetiese kwaliteite wat dit mag hê. Sleutelkonsepte en teoretiese raamwerke vir hierdie studie is: dat illustrasies, soos vertalings, as herskrywings waardige en invloedryke weergawes van die bronteks kan wees dat intertekstualiteit die ononderhandelbare vertrekpunt sal wees vir 'n studie van prenteboeke (wat uiteraard 'n interdissiplinêre studieveld is) die uitgangspunt van die skopos-teorie waarvolgens die oogmerk met die boek die voorkoms (en betekenis) daarvan tot 'n groot mate sal bepaal Riitta Oittinen se vertaalteorie volgens karnavalisme wat op die kinderreseptor fokus GeoffMoss en Jens Thiele se verwysing na dubbelsinnigheid en eksperimentering in prenteboeke Edward Venuti se uitwys van twee (oënskynlik opponerende) vertaalstrategieë, inburgering en vervreemding. Met die studie bevind ek dat betekenis in vertaalde prenteboeke deur alle rolspelers na die teks geneem word en derhalwe nooit voltooibaar is nie. Prenteboekillustrasies as estetiese produkte vereis dat die herskrywer daarvan op 'n karnavalistiese en ongebonde manier met die narratief eksperimenteer, maar dat dit in die realiteit geanker word deurdat ander rolspelers (uitgewers, opvoeders, letterkundiges, outeurs en lesers) in dialogiese herskrywing (vertaling en illustrasie) ontmoet word.