Zugl.: Hildesheim, Univ., Diss., 2006

This master thesis is about the Estonian-Swedish astro-optician Bernhard Schmidt (1879-1935) and his legacy. He was born on the island of Nargö outside Tallinn in Estonia. In 1930 he invented a special optical system for telescopes called the Schmidt telescope or Schmidt camera. At that time Bernhard Schmidt was working as a freelance at the Bergedorf observatory outside Hamburg in Germany. His invention contributed to astronomical research which changed our view of the sky and of the universe. The time he was living in was politically turbulent and science was flourishing. The written sources about Bernhard Schmidt and his telescope are mainly published in German, Russian, Estonian and English. Almost nothing is published in Swedish. The sources to his personal history and the archive material concerning him are partly scattered and it is difficult to assemble a complete picture. The purpose is to find and to map out what kind of archive material is preserved about him. The aim is also to find out who is in charge of it and how accessible it is. Is there global access to the material? Observatories, museums and archives in Sweden, Germany and Estonia were visited to map his legacy. The theories of James Cuno (2008) and the triad or three principles of management: preservation, knowledge and access were used in the analysis of the findings. Most material is kept and preserved at the Hamburg Bergedorf observatory, University of Hamburg. This is also the place where Bernhard Schmidt spent the last years of his life and it is here we can find his burial site. At the Hamburg Bergedorf observatory today there is a Bernhard Schmidt archive, a Schmidt museum with the first prototype of his telescope and an archive of photographic plates with photographic pictures of the stars and other astronomical objects. The two archives are in a digitalizing process and when completed they will be globally accessible and a part of our global heritage.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Repeatedly in the field of Quantum Information Science (QIS) it’s essentially required of physical systems the quantification concerning its quantum phenomena, such as Quantum Coherence (QC) relying in quantum superposition states. Hereafter several quantifiers of QC have been proposed over the years through distance measures in quantum state spaces, called distinguishability measures, playing an important role in QIS correlation phenomena such as Discord and Entanglement with Quantum Cryptography implementation, as example. The aim of this dissertation is to extend the research of QC, published by Jonas Maziero in an article, performing an in-depth analysis regarding the control of local and non-local aspects of Hilbert-Schmidt Coherence (HSC) in multipartite systems and its relations with others QC quantifiers, as well as an analisys of a possible Hilbert-Schmidt Distance (HSD) implication in QC functions over the Non-Monotonicity under Tensor Products (NMuTP) inequality and of limitations between Coherence of state populations and energy. Starting from the generic multipartite state of level quantum energy systems (qudit), defined from the Bloch parameterization, calculations of QC functions concerning its particular cases are considered for 1-qubit, 2-qubit, 1-qutrit and two copies of 1-qubit adopting HSD. Writing the HSC function for the latter case in terms of its local and non-local parts and from the result of 1-qubit it is possible, by manipulating the difference between local populations, to infer a non-local implication in the HSC for that system, in contrast to what has been seen by adopting distinct dissimilarity measures for this function, named l1- Norm Distance and Relative Entropy Distance, cases where there are no implications and where there is a direct consequence with their local populations instead of the previously difference between them, respectively. Notwithstanding, HSD usage provides a description of an awkward relation in QIS towards NMuTP, and a possible implication of that kind of relation in QIS emergent phenomena such as QC function. / Reiteradamente no contexto da Ciência da Informação Quântica (CIQ) é essencialmente necessária a quantificação de sistemas físicos com respeito aos seus fenómenos quânticos, tais como a Coerência Quântica (CQ) intrínseca a estados com superposição quântica. Doravante algumas funções quantificadoras de CQ foram atribuídas ao longo dos anos através de medidas de distância em espaços de estados quânticos, denominadas medidas de dissimilaridade, desempenhando papel importante em fenômenos de correlação na CIQ, tal como Discórdia e Emaranhamento com implementação em Criptografia Quântica, por exemplo. O objetivo desta dissertação é estender a pesquisa dedicada a CQ, publicada em artigo por Jonas Maziero, efetuando uma análise aprofundada com respeito ao controle dos aspectos local e não-local da Coerência de Hilbert-Schmidt (CHS) em sistemas multipartidos e suas relações com outras funções quantificadoras de CQ, bem como a investigação de uma possível implicação da Distância de Hilbert-Schmidt (DHS) na função CQ frente a relação da Não-Monotonicidade sobre o Produto Tensorial (NMsPT) e de limitações entre Coerência e populações de estados e energia. Partindo do estado multipartido genérico de sistemas quânticos com níveis de energia (qudit), definido a partir da parametrização de Bloch, calculamos a função CQ para seus respectivos casos particulares 1-qubit, 2-qubit, 1-qutrit e duas cópias de 1-qubit adotando a DHS. Escrevendo a função CHS para este último caso em termos de suas partes local e não-local e do resultado para 1-qubit é possível, manipulando a diferença entre as populações locais, inferir uma implicação não-local na CHS para este sistema, em contraste ao que se observa adotando distintas medidas de dissimilaridade para esta função, denominadas Distância Norma-l1 e Distância Entropia Relativa, nos casos em que não há implicação e onde há consequência direta com suas populações locais do que anteriormente a diferença entre elas, respectivamente. Não obstante, o emprego da DHS proporciona o caráter de uma estranha relação na CIQ através da NMsPT, e uma possível implicação desta relação em fenômenos emergentes da CIQ tal qual a função CQ.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2663529 bytes, checksum: 5f0d6dec066e59a555afa41866bdae84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The current paper develops an experimental Stirling engine Gama type. Different settings of this type of engine are presented (alpha, beta and gamma), along with the Stirling Cycle Definition and the mathematical modeling for each setting. It´s been Proceed a mathematical analysis based on the Stirling Theory, which is the method based upon the isothermical compression and expansion of an ideal gas, put to analysis by a computer software, determining the dependency between the engine s construction and functioning parameters. Bibliography used takes over the main Stirling engine settings and various working conditions, fed by a numerous types of fuels. The experimental part of the paper is assembling of a Stirling engine gamma type containing no regenerator, therefore, having the air as its working fluid, using electrical resistances as heat source, also a water jet at ambiance temperature to cool down the compression and heat exchanger. Engine tests were performed at atmospheric pressure, temperatures from 100 to 600 °C, 100 to 400 rpm rotations. The results are presented in graphics and are questioned. / O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento experimental de um motor Stirling tipo gama. São apresentadas inicialmente as diferentes configurações deste tipo de motor (alfa, gama e beta), a definição do ciclo de Stirling e a modelagem matemática para cada configuração. Uma análise matemática é feita através da teoria de Schmidt, que é um método baseado na compressão e expansão isotérmica de um gás ideal, implementada em programa computacional permitindo determinar a dependência entre os parâmetros construtivos e de funcionamento do motor. A revisão bibliográfica contempla as principais configurações de motores Stirling e várias condições de funcionamento, alimentados por diversos tipos de combustíveis. A parte experimental do trabalho é a montagem de um protótipo de motor Stirling tipo gama sem regenerador tendo o ar como fluido de trabalho, utilizando resistências elétricas como fonte de calor e um fluxo de água a temperatura ambiente para o resfriamento do trocador de calor de compressão. Os testes do motor serão realizados a pressão atmosférica, para temperaturas de 100 a 600 °C e rotações de 100 a 400 rpm, os resultados são apresentados em gráficos e discutidos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Caike da R Damke.pdf: 510380 bytes, checksum: 4e479f17d8c052dd29cea88f0ca85df8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-02 / In this dissertation we analyze questions of existence and multiplicity of solutions for Dirichlet problem in the asymptotically linear case. To obtain our main results we use variational methods, such as Montain Pass Theorem and Linking Theorem.Moreover, we use the Liapunov-Schmidt reduction. / Nesta dissertação analisamos questões de existência e multiplicidade de soluções do problema de Dirichlet elíptico assintoticamente linear. Para obtermos os nossos principais resultados utilizamos métodos variacionais, tais como o Teorema do Passo da Montanha um Teorema de Linking. Além disso, utilizamos a redução de Liapunov-Schmidt.

Cette thèse porte essentiellement sur l'étude des solutions stationnaires, en dimension 1 d'espace, d'unmodèle de champs de phase cristallin introduit par Elder en 2002. Ainsi, nous prouvons, par la méthode deréduction de Lyapunov-Schmidt et la technique des multiparamètres, l'existence de courbes de solutionsbifurquantes stationnaires lorsque le noyau de l'opérateur linéarisé, au voisinage de la solution triviale estde dimension 2. Une parenthèse est ouverte pour la comparaison de l'énergie de la solution bifurquantepar rapport à celle la solution triviale. Aussi, grâce au principe de la stabilité réduite, nous fournissonsdes ensembles précis de valeurs des paramètres de bifurcation pour lesquelles les solutions obtenues sontstables ou instables. Ces résultats théoriques sont corroborés par plusieurs tests numériques.Par ailleurs, dans le cas classique du noyau unidimensionel, nous établissons des diagrammes de phasespermettant de comprendre les différentes orientations de courbes de solutions non triviales au voisinage dechaque point de bifurcation. / This thesis is devoted to the study of stationary solutions of a Phase Field Crystal model, in one spacedimension, introduced by Elder in 2002. Thus, we prove by the Lyapunov-Schmidt method of reductionand the multiparameter technique, the existence of the curves of bifurcating stationary solutions whenthe kernel of the linearized operator near to trivial solution is of two dimension. A parenthesis is open forcomparing the energies of the bifurcating solution and the trivial solution. Also, thanks to the principle ofreduced stability, we provide specific sets of parameter values for wich the obtained solutions are stable orunstable. These theoretical results are confirmed by several numerical tests.Moreover, in the classical case of a one dimensional kernel, we establish the phase diagrams allowing tounderstand the different orientations of non-trivial solutions curves near to of each bifurcation point.

Le travail présenté est dédié à des problèmes d'EDP non linéaires. L'idée principale est de construire des solutions régulières á certaines EDPs elliptiques et hypo-elliptiques et étudier leur propriétés qualitatives. Dans une première partie, on considère un problème sur-critique du type $$-Delta u = lambda e^u$$ avec $lambda > 0$ posé dans un domaine extérieur avec conditions de Dirichlet homogènes. Une réduction en dimension finie permet de prouver l'existence d'un nombre infini de solutions régulières quand $lambda$ est assez petit. Dans une deuxième partie, on étudie la concentration de solutions d'un problème non local $$(-Delta)^s u = u^{p pm epsilon}, u>0, epsilon > 0$$ dans un domaine borné, régulier sous conditions de Dirichlet homogènes. Ici, on prend $0 < s < 1$ et $p:=(N+2s)/(N-2s)$, l'exposant de Sobolev critique. Une réduction en dimension finie dans des espaces fonctionnels bien choisis est utilisée. La partie principale de la fonction réduite est donnée en termes des fonctions de Green et Robin sur le domaine. On prouve que l'existence de solutions dépend des points critiques de la fonction susmentionnée augmentée d'une condition de non-dégénérescence. Enfin, on considère un problème non local dans le groupe de Heisenberg $H$. On s'intéresse à des propriétés de rigidité des solutions stables de $(-Delta_H)^s v = f(v)$ sur $H$, $s in (0,1)$. Une inégalité de type Poincaré connectée à un problème dégénéré dans $R^4_+$ est prouvée. Au travers d'une procédure d'extension, cette inégalité est utilisée pour donner un critère sous lequel les lignes de niveaux de la solution de l'EDP sont des surfaces minimales dans $H$. / This work is devoted to nonlinear PDEs. The aim is to find regular solutions to some elliptic and hypo-elliptic PDEs and study their qualitative properties. The first part deals with the supercritical problem $$ -Delta u = lambda e^u,$$ $lambda > 0$, in an exterior domain under zero Dirichlet condition. A finite-dimensional reduction scheme provides the existence of infinitely many regular solutions whenever $lambda$ is sufficiently small.The second part is focused on the existence of bubbling solutions for the non-local equation $$ (-Delta)^s u =u^p, ,u>0,$$in a bounded, smooth domain under zero Dirichlet condition; where $0<s<1$ and $p:=(N+2s)/(N-2s) pm epsilon$ is close to the critical exponent ($epsilon > 0$ small). To this end, a finite-dimensional reduction scheme in suitable functional spaces is used, where the main part of the reduced function is given in terms of the Green's and Robin's functions of the domain. The existence of solutions depends on the existence of critical points of such a main term together with a non-degeneracy condition.In the third part, a non-local entire problem in the Heisenberg group $H$ is studied. The main interests are rigidity properties for stable solutions of $$(-Delta_H)^s v = f(v) in H,$$ $s in (0,1)$. A Poincaré-type inequality in connection with a degenerate elliptic equation in $R^4_+$ is provided. Through an extension (or ``lifting") procedure, this inequality will be then used to give a criterion under which the level sets of the above solutions are minimal surfaces in $H$, i.e. they have vanishing mean $H$-curvature.

The Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra and the Sonata for Trumpet and Piano by Karl Pilss were written in 1934 and 1935, respectively. They are examples for solo trumpet of the late German Romantic style of melody, harmony, form and structure. Musicians and audience often overlook composer Karl Pilss outside his native Vienna. His ties to the Trompeterchor der Stadt Wien and the National Socialist Party during the years preceding the Second World War have limited widespread acceptance of this composer. Pilss' output includes concertos for trumpet, horn, bass trombone, and piano, sonatas for trumpet, violin, and oboe, wind quintets and octets, piano pieces, choral works, and numerous large and small brass works. Pilss' teacher Franz Schmidt is more widely known. His four symphonies provide examples of post-Romanticism at the beginning of the twentieth century. His characteristic use of melody, harmony, form and structure is in the mold of Richard Strauss. Schmidt did not write any works for solo trumpet. However, his Symphony No. 4 begins and ends with extended passages for solo trumpet. Pilss inherited and adopted many of Schmidt's melodic, harmonic and formal traits. These can be clearly heard in his Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra and the Sonata for Trumpet and Piano. This work discusses in detail the musical and compositional connection between Karl Pilss and his teacher, Franz Schmidt. Musical elements of melody, harmony, form and structure are used to illustrate the close connection between pupil and mentor. The use of the characteristic "Schmidt chord" in Pilss' works cements the link between the two composers. The Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra and the Sonata for Trumpet and Piano deserve wider acceptance on the basis of their musical merit and as unique examples of the late German Romantic style for solo trumpet.

Als am 16. Juli 2010 Professor Dr. h.c. Werner Schmidt nach kurzer schwerer Krankheit starb, hatte die Kunstwelt eine der großen Persönlichkeiten der Nachkriegszeit verloren. Fünf Jahrzehnte, zunächst als Direktor des Dresdner Kupferstichkabinetts von 1959 bis 1989, dann als Generaldirektor der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden von 1990 bis 1997 und schließlich als Präsident der Sächsischen Akademie der Künste 1996-2001 hat er das Kunstleben Dresdens und des ganzen Landes maßgeblich geprägt.

[pt] Consideramos a análise numérica de perturbações não lineares do Laplaciano definido em regiões limitadas tratáveis pelo Método de Elementos Finitos. Supomos que as não linearidades interagem com k autovalores do Laplaciano livre. Apresentamos uma redução do problema à inversão de uma função de k variáveis e delineamos uma técnica para tal. O texto é uma extensão dos trabalhos de Cal Neto, Malta, Saldanha e Tomei. / [en] We consider the numerical analysis of nonlinear perturbations of the Laplacian defined in limited regions amenable to the Finite Element Method. The nonlinearities are supposed to interact only with k eigenvalues of the free Laplacian. We present a reduction of the problem to the inversion of a function of k variables and indicate a technique to do so. The text extends the works by Cal Neto, Malta, Saldanha and Tomei.