Este estudo investigativo analisa um Curso de formação continuada para professores de Ensino Médio, tendo como temática principal o protagonismo juvenil e a escola. Visou possibilitar a reflexão sobre relações estabelecidas entre escola, professores e jovens, oportunizando um outro olhar e uma outra compreensão das formas de produção das culturas juvenis contemporâneas, das representações sociais sobre os jovens e suas implicações na cultura escolar. O trabalho partiu de uma perspectiva afirmativa que pretendeu dar visibilidade à diversidade/pluralidade das expressões juvenis, em diferentes contextos e experiências, e possibilitar novas relações intergeracionais no espaço da escola. A estratégia metodológica da pesquisa foi a proposição de um espaço de formação continuada para um grupo de cerca de 20 professores que atuam em diferentes escolas da rede pública e privada de Porto Alegre e Grande Porto Alegre/RS, sendo dois terços de professores da rede pública e o restante de professores da rede privada, além de 6 educadores que coordenam projetos sociais junto a jovens. O grupo de pesquisa não foi constituído por uma escolha aleatória, uma vez que procurei contemplar a pluralidade das juventudes e das experiências docentes nas escolas, singulares em cada contexto social. Para o estudo e investigação com os professores, durante a formação continuada, as temáticas propostas foram relativas às Culturas Juvenis Contemporâneas e Escola, didaticamente divididas em dois eixos: Cultura Escolar e conceito de Juventudes, assuntos nos quais autores como José Gimeno Sacristán, António Nóvoa, Miguel Arroyo, Maurice Tardif, Mariano Fernández Enguita, Alberto Melucci, Paulo César Carrano, Marília Spósito, Jorge Baeza Correa, José Machado Pais e Jorge Atílio Iulianelli constituem as principais referências teóricas, sendo contemplado estudo. A temática culturas juvenis contemporâneas, proposta como pauta no estudo investigativo, oportunizou compreender, pelos professores, como as representações da cultura escolar e das culturas juvenis, construídas ao longo dos tempos, influenciam as práticas escolares e, dessa forma, a necessidade de repensar a participação dos jovens no espaço escolar. / This investigative study analyses a Course of continuous training for Senior High School teachers, which tackled the youth empowerment and the school. It aimed to permit the reflection about relations established among school, teachers and young people, making possible another look and another comprehension about the ways of production of the contemporary young cultures, the social representations about the young people and their implication in the school culture. It started from an affirmative prospect which intended to give visibility to the diversity/plurality of the youth expressions, in different contexts and experiences, and to permit new relations between generations in the school space. The research methodological strategy was the proposal of a space of continuous training for a group of about 20 teachers that work in different public and private schools in Porto Alegre and suburbs in RS. Two thirds of the teachers work in public schools and the rest works in private schools, beyond 6 educators who coordinate social projects among young people. The universe of the research was not constituted by a random choice, because it tried to include the plurality of youth and the teaching experiences of the schools, which are peculiar in each social context. For the study and investigation with teacher during the continuous training, the proposed themes were about Contemporary Cultures of young people and School, divides in two topics: School Culture and Youth Concept. Related to these topics, authors like, José Gimeno Sacristán, António Nóvoa, Miguel Arroyo, Maurice Tardif and Alberto Melucci, Paulo César Carrano, Marília Spósito, Jorge Baeza Correa, José Machado Pais and Jorge Atílio Iulianelli, constitute, respectively, the main theoretical references of this study. The theme Contemporary Cultures of Young People, proposed as a guideline in the investigative study, made possible to the teachers comprehend how the representations of the school culture and youth cultures, formed along the years, influence school activity and, in this way, the necessity of reconsidering the young people participation in the school space.

Este estudo investigativo analisa um Curso de formação continuada para professores de Ensino Médio, tendo como temática principal o protagonismo juvenil e a escola. Visou possibilitar a reflexão sobre relações estabelecidas entre escola, professores e jovens, oportunizando um outro olhar e uma outra compreensão das formas de produção das culturas juvenis contemporâneas, das representações sociais sobre os jovens e suas implicações na cultura escolar. O trabalho partiu de uma perspectiva afirmativa que pretendeu dar visibilidade à diversidade/pluralidade das expressões juvenis, em diferentes contextos e experiências, e possibilitar novas relações intergeracionais no espaço da escola. A estratégia metodológica da pesquisa foi a proposição de um espaço de formação continuada para um grupo de cerca de 20 professores que atuam em diferentes escolas da rede pública e privada de Porto Alegre e Grande Porto Alegre/RS, sendo dois terços de professores da rede pública e o restante de professores da rede privada, além de 6 educadores que coordenam projetos sociais junto a jovens. O grupo de pesquisa não foi constituído por uma escolha aleatória, uma vez que procurei contemplar a pluralidade das juventudes e das experiências docentes nas escolas, singulares em cada contexto social. Para o estudo e investigação com os professores, durante a formação continuada, as temáticas propostas foram relativas às Culturas Juvenis Contemporâneas e Escola, didaticamente divididas em dois eixos: Cultura Escolar e conceito de Juventudes, assuntos nos quais autores como José Gimeno Sacristán, António Nóvoa, Miguel Arroyo, Maurice Tardif, Mariano Fernández Enguita, Alberto Melucci, Paulo César Carrano, Marília Spósito, Jorge Baeza Correa, José Machado Pais e Jorge Atílio Iulianelli constituem as principais referências teóricas, sendo contemplado estudo. A temática culturas juvenis contemporâneas, proposta como pauta no estudo investigativo, oportunizou compreender, pelos professores, como as representações da cultura escolar e das culturas juvenis, construídas ao longo dos tempos, influenciam as práticas escolares e, dessa forma, a necessidade de repensar a participação dos jovens no espaço escolar. / This investigative study analyses a Course of continuous training for Senior High School teachers, which tackled the youth empowerment and the school. It aimed to permit the reflection about relations established among school, teachers and young people, making possible another look and another comprehension about the ways of production of the contemporary young cultures, the social representations about the young people and their implication in the school culture. It started from an affirmative prospect which intended to give visibility to the diversity/plurality of the youth expressions, in different contexts and experiences, and to permit new relations between generations in the school space. The research methodological strategy was the proposal of a space of continuous training for a group of about 20 teachers that work in different public and private schools in Porto Alegre and suburbs in RS. Two thirds of the teachers work in public schools and the rest works in private schools, beyond 6 educators who coordinate social projects among young people. The universe of the research was not constituted by a random choice, because it tried to include the plurality of youth and the teaching experiences of the schools, which are peculiar in each social context. For the study and investigation with teacher during the continuous training, the proposed themes were about Contemporary Cultures of young people and School, divides in two topics: School Culture and Youth Concept. Related to these topics, authors like, José Gimeno Sacristán, António Nóvoa, Miguel Arroyo, Maurice Tardif and Alberto Melucci, Paulo César Carrano, Marília Spósito, Jorge Baeza Correa, José Machado Pais and Jorge Atílio Iulianelli, constitute, respectively, the main theoretical references of this study. The theme Contemporary Cultures of Young People, proposed as a guideline in the investigative study, made possible to the teachers comprehend how the representations of the school culture and youth cultures, formed along the years, influence school activity and, in this way, the necessity of reconsidering the young people participation in the school space.

In 1991, one year after the Namibian independence, the Ministry of Education and Culture was organised in six departments and six regional directorates. The regional directorates were established as early as in 1991. The establishment of the regional directorates was the first step towards decentralisation of education management, which took a form of de-concentration. During the late 1990s, the regional directorates were subdivided into thirteen regional education directorates to be in compliance with the central government policy of decentralising functions from the head offices of various ministries to the regional administrations in the thirteen regions. During 2000, the Namibian Ministry of Education introduced cluster-based school management as a decentralisation reform, granting authority and responsibility for managing school supervision and in-service training for school managers and teachers to clusters, to be implemented in all the thirteen education regions. Cluster–based school management reform has been adopted as a strategy for improving school supervision and teaching in Namibia. However, there is little empirical evidence on the effects of school clustering on the quality of teaching in Namibia. This study examined the implementation of cluster-based school management reform in the Namibian primary schools. The specific focus of the study was to assess: (1) the implementation of cluster-based school management reform in the Namibian primary schools; and (2) the relationship between cluster-based school management reform and improving teaching at classroom level. The data for this study were collected through: (1) survey research in thirty-seven primary schools in five regions: Caprivi; Erongo; Hardap; Karas and Kunene, and (2), case studies, based on interviews; focused group discussions; informal conversations; observations; and document analyses in the three primary school clusters in two of the five education regions. The study’s main findings are that the implementation of cluster-based school management reform has been constrained by resource scarcity and reluctance to share resources; potential threat to the authority of school inspectors and school principals; and incongruence between the ideologies existed prior to the introduction of the reform and the democratic ideology. The other main finding from this study is that there is insufficient evidence to show that the teaching methods of teachers who have received support from the school management reform are notably different from those who have not. This study demonstrates a number of obvious missing links between cluster-based school management and improving teaching, because the reform lacks: (1) clarity, guidelines and resources to support and monitor teaching in schools and at classroom level; (2) clarity on the roles and responsibilities of key implementers in improving teachers’ teaching practices; (3) capability to transform school traditions and culture into a culture which transforms teaching in schools; and (4) clarity on how teacher involvement can be utilised to improve teaching in schools. This study concludes that there is no evidence from this study that cluster-based school management reform relates to improving teaching. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Cette recherche porte sur les inégalités sociales dans les systèmes éducatifs français et chilien. À la différence de l’abondante littérature sur ce sujet dans la sociologie de l’éducation et dans d’autres disciplines, ce travail ne vise ni à expliquer les inégalités ni à comparer leur ampleur. À partir d’une approche compréhensive basée sur la sociologie de l’expérience, nous étudions le lien entre les modes de production des inégalités au sein de chaque système éducatif et les expériences des élèves. Cette question est appréhendée à partir d’une comparaison qualitative consistant en un examen de la législation, des études empiriques et des statistiques décrivant chaque modèle d’une part, et en une enquête de terrain auprès des enseignants et des élèves d’autre part. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été effectués dans quatre lycées de chaque pays incluant 119 personnes (79 élèves et 40 professeurs). Ces deux systèmes se rapprochent de deux figures idéal-typiques de production des inégalités : le mode socio-économique au Chili et le mode scolaire-culturel en France. Ces modes de production façonnent les expériences scolaires en termes de leur contenu et de leur distribution. Au Chili, les expériences des lycéens reflètent les inégalités socio-économiques, se traduisant par des sentiments de macro-injustice ; en France les expériences se configurent autour des inégalités proprement scolaires avec une prééminence des sentiments de micro-injustice. Enfin, la culture scolaire nationale agit sur ce rapport entre les modes de production et les expériences ; au Chili elle atténue la critique de l’injustice de l’École alors qu’en France, elle l’exacerbe. / The present research examines social inequalities in French and Chilean education systems. Diverging from the abundant literature on this subject in the sociology of education and other disciplines, the goal of this research was to neither explain the inequalities nor compare their extent. Instead, we took a comprehensive approach based on the sociology of experience, to study the relation between the forms of inequality production in each education system and students’ experience of it. This issue was investigated through a qualitative comparison of the two education systems, in which we examined on the one hand, the legislation, the empirical studies and the statistics of each national model and on the other hand, a field study with teachers and students. The latter consisted of 119 semi-directive interviews (79 students and 40 teachers) in four high schools in each country. The two systems approximate two ideal-types of inequality production: the social-economic mode in Chile and the educational-cultural mode in France. These modes of production shape both the content and the distribution of the schooling experience. In Chile, the students’ experience reflects social-economic inequalities translated into feelings of macro-injustice; in France, experiences are formed by inequalities in the schooling process with a preeminence of feelings of micro-injustice. Finally, national schooling cultures act upon the relationship between the forms of inequality production and the experiences: In Chile, it attenuates the criticism of injustice toward school, while in France it is exacerbated.

This study focuses on how school management teams manage the school-based continuous professional development of the teachers at their schools. The assumption is that continuous professional development - if school-based - may be more practical in implementing changes because the teachers will be working in a familiar context when managing their own development and in meeting the specific needs of their school. At present the professional development of teachers consists mainly of external workshops and courses. Teachers then return to the school context that has not changed to accommodate what has been learnt at these workshops or courses. The lack of feedback or follow-up has done little to encourage teachers to implement any changes in their teaching practice. The study also explores the practice of school management teams in creating collaborative school cultures for the implementation of schoolbased continuous professional development. The rationale for this study is based on the urgent need for continuous professional development to be part of the schools’ development of teachers. The National Policy Framework for Teacher Education and Development provides the frame of reference. There is, however, a gap in the policy on how continuous professional development should be implemented to create a collaborative school culture and the role that the school management team plays in doing this. The aim of the study was to determine how school management teams managed continuous professional development at their schools; to identify the challenges they faced in managing school-based continuous professional development; and to explore the strategies that contributed to successful school-based continuous professional development. The research methodology employed in this study is a Triangulation Mixed Methods Design. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected simultaneously and analysed separately to understand the research problem. The sample consisted of principals, deputy principals and heads of department of primary schools who were interviewed. Questionnaires were administered to Level 1 teachers at these schools. The interviews were analysed by identifying emerging patterns, themes and categories. The questionnaires were analysed by presenting descriptive statistics about the schools and then inferential statistics were determined that correlated and tested the hypotheses. The results were reported in the form of summaries from the interviews and graphs from the questionnaires. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-08T14:11:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Gelson Leonardo Rech_Tese.pdf: 16348091 bytes, checksum: 38f13da71eafd4ea5d5835e45377493c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-08T14:11:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Gelson Leonardo Rech_Tese.pdf: 16348091 bytes, checksum: 38f13da71eafd4ea5d5835e45377493c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-08T21:44:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Gelson Leonardo Rech_Tese.pdf: 16348091 bytes, checksum: 38f13da71eafd4ea5d5835e45377493c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T21:44:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Gelson Leonardo Rech_Tese.pdf: 16348091 bytes, checksum: 38f13da71eafd4ea5d5835e45377493c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-22 / Sem bolsa / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as escolas étnicas italianas na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, no período compreendido entre 1877, marco da fundação da Sociedade Italiana Vittorio Emanuele II, e 1938, quando ocorreu o fechamento dessas instituições. Na esteira da História Cultural, a partir de fontes arquivísticas e periódicos, busca-se analisar o processo de constituição dessas escolas e de sua cultura escolar articulado à construção da italianidade e de sua defesa. Procura-se, também, demonstrar que, em Porto Alegre, ocorreu uma trajetória duradoura de manutenção e de preservação da escola étnica. Nesse contexto, pretende-se ressaltar o fato de as sociedades italianas, juntamente à representação consular sediada na capital, terem sido as instituições que lideraram e articularam as principais iniciativas escolares, formando, na década de 1930, uma rede escolar sob a égide da ideologia fascista. O processo histórico de constituição das escolas da capital foi marcado por distintas compreensões da italianidade e por diferentes fases. Pelo conjunto dos dados analisados, foi possível estabelecer ao menos três períodos: de 1877 até 1913; de 1914 até 1928; e de 1928 até 1938. Salienta-se que o período de 1928 a 1938 foi caracterizado pela retomada da italianidade na perspectiva do fascismo, o qual, entre várias estratégias, introduziu o ensino gratuito da língua italiana nos ginásios da capital e instituiu uma Direção Didática única para as escolas étnicas ligadas ao Consulado Geral da Itália em Porto Alegre, culminando na reorganização das instituições de ensino existentes e na abertura de novas escolas. Destaca-se, nesse último período, a constituição de uma rede escolar ítalo-brasileira, basicamente subsidiada pelo Governo Italiano e apoiada pelo Governo Brasileiro, caracterizada por um conjunto de atividades e de programas comuns, por uma unidade de orientação e de acompanhamento, por professores e por materiais didáticos enviados da Itália, visando à formação de “perfeitos balillas e bons italianos”. / The aim of this work is to investigate Italian ethnic schools in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, in the period between 1877, year of foundation of Italian Society Vittorio Emanuele II, and 1938, when these institutions were closed. In the wake of Cultural History, articulating archival and newspaper sources, it searches to analyse the process of constitution of these schools and their school culture articulated with the construction of Italianity and its defence. It was, also, tried to demonstrate that, in Porto Alegre, there was a long-lasting process of maintenance and preservation of ethnic school. In this context, it is important to highlight the fact that Italian societies, together with consular representation located in this capital city, were the institutions, which led and articulated the main school initiatives forming, in the thirties, a school net under the aegis of fascist ideology. The historic process of constitution of such schools, in Porto Alegre, was marked by different forms of understanding Italianity, and by different phases. By the analysed set of data, it was possible to establish, at least, three periods: from 1877 to 1913; from 1914 to 1928, and from 1928 to 1938. It is highlighted that the period of 1928 to 1938 was characterized by a revival of Italianity, in the perspective of fascism, which, among many strategies, introduced free teaching of Italian language at secondary schools of the capital, and instituted a sole Didactics Direction for ethnic schools linked to the General Consulate of Italy in Porto Alegre. This culminated in the reorganization of existing elementary Italian schools, and in the opening of new schools. The constitution of an Italian-Brazilian school net, in this last period, basically subsidized by Italian government and supported by Brazilian government, was characterized by a range of common activities and programs, by a unity in orientation and follow-up, by teachers and by didactic materials sent from Italy, aiming at education of “perfeitos balillas e bons italianos” (“balilla and good Italian majors”).