A educação indígena, atualmente, tem sido motivo de estudo em todo o país, em decorrência do interesse dos órgãos responsáveis pelas políticas educacionais, bem como da Academia, em propor alternativas de ação para a melhoria contínua do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem nas escolas indígenas. Esta pesquisa investigou, sob a forma de estudo de caso, como está sendo desenvolvida a disciplina de Ciências nas escolas estaduais indígenas de ensino fundamental no Rio Grande do Sul. A metodologia adotada contemplou duas etapas: a pesquisa documental, isto é, o levantamento da legislação existente, no âmbito federal e estadual. E os dados oficiais junto ao Departamento de Planejamento (DEPLAN) da Secretaria de Estado da Educação (SEDUC/RS) que abrangeram: número de professores indígenas e não-indígenas; número de escolas indígenas e de aldeias e sua localização espacial, distribuídas nas 7(sete) Mesorregiões do Estado e população estudantil. A segunda etapa se constituiu da pesquisa de campo junto às 9 (nove) escolas estaduais, de um universo de 91 (noventa e uma), selecionadas aleatoriamente, sendo 6 (seis) Kaingáng e 3 (três) Guarani. Os Instrumentos de coleta de dados foram entrevistas estruturadas, por meio de questionário; visitas; observação não participante e reuniões eventuais. Os dados obtidos junto aos professores, diretores, caciques e responsáveis por estas escolas, na Coordenadoria Regional de Educação (CRE), versaram sobre o uso do livro didático de Ciências fornecido pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE), o papel da biblioteca escolar e do laboratório de Ciências no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem desta disciplina. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa perpassou por autores que estudam a educação indígena no país, tais como: Bergamasch, Venzon, Meliá, Ferreira, Baniwa, dentre outros. Os resultados indicaram que: o ensino de Ciências em escolas estaduais indígenas é ministrado a partir do 6 (sexto) ano do ensino fundamental; os professores indígenas ou não-indígenas não utilizam o livro didático, elaborando seus próprios textos didáticos; a biblioteca escolar raramente é utilizada, quer no espaço físico ou o acervo; o laboratório de Ciências inexiste, na maioria das escolas; o ensino de Ciências está calcado na tradição oral e no conhecimento empírico, que estão diretamente ligados ao cerne da cultura indígena. Constatou-se um crescimento de 30% do número de escolas indígenas estaduais no período de 2011-2015, no Estado. Em 2011 havia 68 escolas em funcionamento e em 2015 este número cresceu para 89 escolas. Tal fato demonstra o interesse, da SEDUC/RS em ampliar as oportunidades de acesso à educação para a população indígena. / Indigenous education has been the subject of study throughout the country, due to interest of the departments responsible for educational policies, as well as the Academy, in proposing alternatives action for continuous improvement on teaching and learning processes in indigenous schools. This research investigated, in form of a case study, how the Science discipline is being developed in the indigenous elementary schools in Rio Grande do Sul. The adopted methodology includes two stages: The first one was a documentary research, that is a survey of existing legislation at federal and state levels - official data on the Department of Planning (DEPLAN) from Departament of Education (SEDUC/RS); covering number of indigenous and non-indigenous teachers; number of indigenous schools and villages, and their spatial location distributed in seven (7) State Meso-regions and student population. The second stage consisted of field research with 9 (nine) state schools, from a universe of 91 (ninety-one), randomly selected, with 6 (six) Kaingáng and 3 (three) Guarani. The instruments of data collection were structured interviews, through a questionnaire; visits; non-attendant observation and occasional meetings. The data obtained from teachers, principals, caciques and responsible for these schools in the Regional Education Coordination (CRE) focused on the use of the didactic science book provided by the National Fund for Educational Development (FNDE), the role of the school library and the science lab in the teaching and learning of this discipline. The theoretical basis of this research includes authors who study indigenous education in the country such as Bergamasch, Venzon, Meliá, and Ferreira among others. The results indicated that: The teaching of science in indigenous state schools starts on the 6 (sixth) year of elementary school; Indigenous or non-indigenous teachers do not use didactic books, elaborating their own didactic texts; The school library is rarely used, either in physical space or in its collection; The science laboratory does not exist in most schools; The teaching of science is based on oral tradition and empirical knowledge which are directly linked to the core of indigenous culture. There was an increase of 30% in the number of state indigenous schools in the period 2011-2015 in RS. In 2011, there were 68 schools in operation and by 2015 this number grew to 89 schools. This fact demonstrates the interest of SEDUC/RS in expanding the access opportunities to education for indigenous population.

Recent legislation in Sweden mandates that all students beprovided access to a school library. In addition, schools areexpected to help students become independent and life-longlearners. Various national organizations stress theimportance of a school library in this process; however,reportedly independent schools use public libraries and theInternet for information activities instead. This studyexplores: 1) how independent schools in Sweden can meetboth government requirements to provide library accessand the information literacy demands of their students, and2) the function of digital libraries in this context. After acomparison of previous research, a qualitative method waschosen based on socio-cultural theoretical assumptions.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with aprincipal, a teacher, and a focus group of students from twoindependent schools. Through a process of open coding,important themes emerged concerning how libraries andinformation literacy are conceptualized. There is a strongtendency to see libraries in terms of a physical function(books on shelves) over social activities (e.g., integrationwith teachers, development of information literacies,collection management). Students rely first and foremoston Google during the information seeking process, but alsoconsult each other for help. There are also signs thatstudents are discouraged from asking their teachers for helpduring the information seeking process. The findingsindicate that current educator attitudes may hinder thedevelopment of digital school libraries. / Program: Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, Digitala bibliotek och informationstjänster

The purpose of this Master’s thesis was to examine different factors influencing the process of establishing and developing school libraries in relation to the implementation of a new outcome based curriculum, Curriculum 2005. The main focus was on under resourced areas and a field study was conducted in 1998 in the Western Cape Province during the first year of implementation. As a frame a Swedish – South African school library project, that lasted between 1997- 2002, was used. The findings from the field study were analysed according to a model identifying different factors influencing the process of implementation ofeducational change in underdeveloped countries. Four evaluations of the project were incorporated in the analysis with the aim to enhance the findings from the field study but also to question them. The aim was not to evaluate the project itself. The conclusions reached were that several ofthe factors found to affect the implementation process were not specificfor under resourced areas, but could also be found in the research regarding developed countries. Some factors were however found to be specific for many of the under resourced areas, such as shortage ofadequate learning resources, especially in the indigenous languages, dependence on external support such as voluntary workers and donations, infrastructural problems, absence of possible co-operating public libraries, locked libraries due to security problems etc. Many of these factors couldbe referred back to inherited inequalities. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The aim of the thesis is to analyze the situation of school libraries in areas of different socio-economical characteristics within Metropolitan Lima, Peru. I will study how the ScL(s), are affected with regard to organization, resources and services. In this study, I have chosen ten school libraries from different socio-economical conditions. Three of these school libraries are elite private schools and the rest represent the public schools. The empirical study consisted of interviews with persons in charge of the school libraries in each school, interviews with the school principals, interviews with the public officials of the NLP (National Library of Peru) and questionnaires answered by the students. The thesis is also based on observations I have made. The empirical material has been theoretically analysed based on Loertscher’s taxonomies of the school library media program. Loertscher’s taxonomy is used to analyze the ScL’s standard. A major finding of this thesis is that the school libraries of the elite private schools have a high standard, taking an active role in their own operation; with library staffs which are autonomous and well trained, having the ability to make their own decisions. In contrast, the libraries from the public schools have an inferior standard when compared to the private schools. In the ScL(s) from the public schools the students do not have access to computers and the staffs do not have autonomy or access to training.

The basic purpose of this study is to analyse in general terms Schools Commission policy and planning in regard to the development of library resources and services for Australian primary schools in both the government and non-government education systems. The core of the study is a survey of the provision and needs of primary school libraries in the Australian Capital Territory, based on the Schools Commission Guidelines for library services in primary schools. The survey is not an end in itself, but is a means of appraisal of the school libraries program of the Australian government as viewed at the grass roots level in one particular area. The report falls into two sections. Section I is an introductory section which gives firstly an overview of the work of the Federal government in the development of school libraries and services between 1968 and 1975. The introductory section also analyses the development of the Schools Commission guideline standards for primary school libraries, and explains the role of the standards in relation to both the 'needs' criterion of the Commission's educational program and the equitable distribution of government funds. The standards are not absolutes in terms of precise structural specifications to be applied in all circumstances, but rather an affirmation of possibility in relation to a given ambit. It is in Section II that the data from the survey of the primary school libraries in the Australian Capital Territory is analysed, and some comparisons are made with the Monash University study of provision and needs in primary school libraries carried out in 1975. The objectives of the ACT survey are not, however, oriented simply to a factual statement of provision and needs, but also to highlighting the instrinsic and recurring administrative problems associated with the provision of library resources services in schools. Issues raised by the survey relate to differentiated staffing patterns, obsolescence of materials, centralised versus decentralised collections, tolerable loss rate for books, custodial attitudes of teacher-librarians, teacher attitudes to the library, production and use of audiovisual materials by teachers and students, community use of school libraries, identification of needs by individual schools, availability of central support services for selection and processing of materials, funding for resource provision. In regard to conclusions the report does not attempt to offer anything but tentative suggestions, because of the range of variables in most cases, which could not be eliminated or controlled in a survey of this. type. However, some factors do emerge which could be the basis for more detailed analysis, such as the nature of obsolescence in regard to school library materials, and the relationship between types of library service and the 'open' or traditional1 structure of the school program. There is one factor which the survey does show quite clearly, namely the gap that exists between policy decisions taken at the national level and the implementation of that policy at the local level.

This study traces many of the highlights which occurred during the first decade of the history of the School Library Association in Canberra and District (SLACAD). The roots of this association lie deep in the history of school libraries and teacherlibrarianship in Australia. Many SLACAD members belonged to other state school library associations and to the Australian School Library Association (ASLA) confederation since the establishment of these associations in the 1960's. These teacher-librarians have been dedicated in their attempts to further the cause of school libraries and their teacher-librarianship profession. The decade covered by this study embraces the greatest period of expansion in the development of school libraries seen in Australian history. During this decade the A.C.T. established an independent education system and it took many years for the A.C.T. Schools Authority administration to finalise its organisation. SLACAD members were anxious that school libraries in the A.C.T. should keep pace with school libraries in other Australian states and this study documents the constant efforts of its members to obtain improvements in school librarianship. Teacher-librarians in the A.C.T. have continued to maintain a close liaison with ASLA and many A.C.T. teacher-librarians have held executive office in ASLA. SLACAD has hosted seminars and conferences and this study documents numerous submissions and reports which were a necessary feature of the expanding A.C.T. school library association milieu.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 137-143). Also available in print.

<p>I denna studie undersöktes via en enkät ett antal historielärares bruk av sitt skolbibliotek i pedagogiskt syfte. Undersökningen genomfördes med bakgrund av både svensk och utländsk forskning. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på i vilken utsträckning och inom vilka områden historielärare använde biblioteket i undervisningen, men också hur de själva använde biblioteket och vilka för- och nackdelar de såg.</p><p>Resultaten visar att historielärare själva besöker skolbiblioteket kontinuerligt. Den visar också att de i regel är positivt inställda till den verksamhet som bedrivs där, även om det finns vissa hinder. Dessa hinder är främst bristen på tid samt bristen på kontroll av elevernas arbetsinsats. Det är olika beroende på individ om man samarbetar med bibliotekarien. Studien visar att ingen av de undersökta skolorna hade en gemensam strategi i kontakten med bibliotekspersonalen.</p><p>Det kan finnas flera anledningar till resultaten. I bakgrunden redovisas olika synsätt kring pedagogik. Ett sådant synsätt är ett traditionellt sätt att tänka och använda läromedel, ett annat är ett nyare baserat på kognitivism och progressivism. I undersökningen finns exempel på att det finns historielärare i bägge läger.</p><p>Nyckelord: skolbibliotek, historia, historiedidaktik, historielärare, pedagogik</p> / <p>In this study a number of history teachers took part in a questionnaire about the use of school libraries in an educational purposes. The study was carried out in the light of both Swedish and international research on the subject. The purpose of the investigation was to find out to what extent and in what areas history teachers made use of the school libraries but also how they themselves make use of the libraries and which advantages and disadvantages they could notice.</p><p>The results show that history teachers themselves visit the school library on a regular basis. It also shows that they usually are positive to the activities that are pursued in the libraries, even though there are some obstacles. These obstacles are mainly the lack of time and the lack of control of the students work effort. The results vary from individual to individual if they work together with the libriarian or not. The study shows that none of the examined schools had a common strategy regarding the contacts with the library staff.</p><p>There can be several reasons for this results. In the background this paper presents different views upon education. One such view is a traditional way of thinking and a traditional use of textbooks and teaching aids, another wiew is a more modern one based upon cognitivism and progressivism. In this research there are examples of history teachers in both camps.</p><p>Keywords: school libraries, history, history didactics, history teachers, pedagogy.</p>

I denna studie undersöktes via en enkät ett antal historielärares bruk av sitt skolbibliotek i pedagogiskt syfte. Undersökningen genomfördes med bakgrund av både svensk och utländsk forskning. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på i vilken utsträckning och inom vilka områden historielärare använde biblioteket i undervisningen, men också hur de själva använde biblioteket och vilka för- och nackdelar de såg. Resultaten visar att historielärare själva besöker skolbiblioteket kontinuerligt. Den visar också att de i regel är positivt inställda till den verksamhet som bedrivs där, även om det finns vissa hinder. Dessa hinder är främst bristen på tid samt bristen på kontroll av elevernas arbetsinsats. Det är olika beroende på individ om man samarbetar med bibliotekarien. Studien visar att ingen av de undersökta skolorna hade en gemensam strategi i kontakten med bibliotekspersonalen. Det kan finnas flera anledningar till resultaten. I bakgrunden redovisas olika synsätt kring pedagogik. Ett sådant synsätt är ett traditionellt sätt att tänka och använda läromedel, ett annat är ett nyare baserat på kognitivism och progressivism. I undersökningen finns exempel på att det finns historielärare i bägge läger. Nyckelord: skolbibliotek, historia, historiedidaktik, historielärare, pedagogik / In this study a number of history teachers took part in a questionnaire about the use of school libraries in an educational purposes. The study was carried out in the light of both Swedish and international research on the subject. The purpose of the investigation was to find out to what extent and in what areas history teachers made use of the school libraries but also how they themselves make use of the libraries and which advantages and disadvantages they could notice. The results show that history teachers themselves visit the school library on a regular basis. It also shows that they usually are positive to the activities that are pursued in the libraries, even though there are some obstacles. These obstacles are mainly the lack of time and the lack of control of the students work effort. The results vary from individual to individual if they work together with the libriarian or not. The study shows that none of the examined schools had a common strategy regarding the contacts with the library staff. There can be several reasons for this results. In the background this paper presents different views upon education. One such view is a traditional way of thinking and a traditional use of textbooks and teaching aids, another wiew is a more modern one based upon cognitivism and progressivism. In this research there are examples of history teachers in both camps. Keywords: school libraries, history, history didactics, history teachers, pedagogy.

The purpose of this master's thesis is to examine and compare the process of starting a school library at schools which haven't had a school library before, and to examine and compare the experience of this process according to the principals and the persons responsible for the school library. I have examined two Swedish independent primary schools (age 6-15 years). I have made qualitative interviews with the principals and the persons responsible for the new school library. In all, I have made seven interviews. As requested by the new Swedish Educational Act, both schools had recently started creating school libraries. One of the schools had recruited a half-time teacher-librarian and the other had no staffing at all. In the interviews, I have examined the attitudes of the informants towards school libraries, if this attitude has changed during the process of starting the school library, the informants' experiences during this process and the informants' views on the school library as an agent for student achievement. I have used David V. Loertscher's taxonomies for the principal, the school librarian and the student, to analyze the statements of the informants. The result of the study shows that at the school without library staff, the person responsible for the library had a hard time starting it as there were no time allocated. The work was easier and quicker done at the school with the part-time teacher-librarian. The views of the school library and of its possibilities for student achievement, that the informants expressed, were positive at the school with the staffed library,as well as their experiences. At the other school, the attitudes and experiences were more negative. The conclusion of the study is that staffing is an important factor for a successful school library, and that starting a school library requires a great amount of planning, knowledge, time and resources. This is a two years master's thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.