Attendance in our nation's schools continues to decline. It is necessary for schools to expand their programs and strategies to improve student attendance. Incentives and rewards for excellent attendance have had positive results in studies researched, but little has been done to research the relationship between changes in attendance and implemented incentive programs. This quantitative study examined the effects of extrinsic rewards on high school student attendance at two separate schools. The first part of the study enabled a chance to win a daily cash prize with value based upon the number of students successfully attending all day. Changes in attendance in the current school year versus the previous school year were measured and analyzed. The second part of the study compared attendance and student attitudes between two comprehensive high schools, where one school represented the treatment group and other the control group. Attendance performance criteria were established that would allow students the chance to earn extrinsic rewards at the end of the first semester of school. Changes in attendance in the current school year versus the previous school year were measured and analyzed. An analysis between change in attendance, school GPA, and student GPA was performed for each school and compared. Finally, a longitudinal study was performed using surveys at each school to measure any changes in student attitudes related to (a) reasons for attending school, (b) interest in school, and (c) satisfaction with school. The null hypotheses were there is no statistically significant relationship between the use of rewards for excellent attendance and (a) the average daily attendance of students, (b) their grade point averages, (c) their motivation to attend, or (d) their interest and satisfaction in the school experience. Results of the first study showed that the change in attendance between school years was statistically significant. While the second showed statistically significant increases in attendance at both schools, the additional increase at the treatment school was also significant. No significant relationship was found between the use of rewards for attendance and school GPA, student GPA, motivation to attend, or the interest and satisfaction in the school experience.

In the United States, there are currently over seven million high school athletes, all of whom are required to take four years of core classes as well as elective classes. Core subject areas consist of math, science, social sciences, and English language arts. Of the four core subject areas, both national and state education committees place emphasis and scrutiny on English language arts. The research within this thesis, conducted in the form of an interview, is meant to explore English language arts teachers' possible attitudes and expectations of their student athletes in concern to their writing abilities. Special emphasis will be placed on secondary English language arts teachers' perceptions of student-athletes' use of the standard conventions of English, such as spelling, punctuation, syntax, and grammar, within their writing. The results of four interviews with secondary English language arts teachers revealed that these secondary English language arts teachers did not hold different perceptions of their student-athletes writing abilities as compared to their non-athlete peers. All four participants revealed that they believe that the student-athletes in their classroom have the same writing abilities as non-athletes, and that being labeled as a student-athlete does not give way to either positive or negative perception of their writing. This exploratory study is beneficial to both student-athletes and English language arts teachers, as it may have the ability to affect change in the way that teachers approach and teach their student-athletes.

The purpose of this study was to find out more about upper secondary school students ́ experience of peer response to media productions, eg movies and digital stories. We also explored how they learn peer response, how they use it and how peer response affects students’ choice of content for the media productions that they produce. The methods that we have used is an unstructured lesson observation, combined with discussions in two focus groups with 1st and 2nd grade students enroled at the Arts program at a secondary school in a metropolitan area in Sweden. The results of the study show that students experience peer response as positive but emphasises the importance of the teachers’ attitude and expertise as essential both to the students learning process as well as to their experience of giving and receiving feedback from a fellow student. The students find it difficult to be completely honest when they give response to a friend. The teachers’ response always outweighs the response from a fellow student and the students in this study do not use the peer response to revise and improve their media productions. The study shows that the students do not adapt the content of their media productions due to the fact that classmates will assess the result. They perceive media productions as something per definition accessible to the public, that is, the products will be showcased in public, for example, published on the internet. The students relate to this fact as they select content to their media productions. / Syftet med denna studie har varit att ta reda på mer om gymnasieelevers upplevelser av kamratrespons på medieproduktioner, t.ex. filmer och digitala berättelser. Vi har också undersökt hur de lär sig kamratrespons, hur de använder sig av den och på vilket sätt kamratrespons påverkar elevernas val av innehåll till de medieproduktioner som de producerar. Metoderna som vi har använt oss av är en ostrukturerad lektionsobservation i kombination med diskussioner i två olika fokusgrupper med elever från årskurs 1 och 2 på det Estetiska programmet på en gymnasieskola i ett storstadsområde. Resultatet av studien visar att eleverna upplever kamratrespons som någonting positivt men framhåller att lärarens attityd och expertis är avgörande för såväl övning som upplevelsen av att ge och ta emot respons från en kamrat. Eleverna upplever att det är svårt att vara helt ärlig när de ger respons till en kamrat. Lärarens respons väger alltid tyngre än kamraters och eleverna i studien använder sig heller inte av kamraternas respons för att omarbeta och förbättra sina medieproduktioner. Studien visar att eleverna inte anpassar innehållet till sina medieproduktioner utifrån vetskapen om att klasskamraterna kommer att ge respons. Eleverna uppfattar medieproduktioner som per definition publika, d.v.s. produkter som kommer att visas upp offentligt, exempelvis publiceras på internet och detta faktum förhåller sig eleverna till när de väljer innehåll till sina medieproduktioner.

Title: The actual state of physical education with regard to gymnastics at high schools Aim: Find out the actual state of girls' physical education with regard to gymnastics at high schools and compare the results with secondary schools. Methods: Questionnaire was a main method used in this research. Data was obtained by non-standardized questionnaire with semi-closed and closed questions from teachers of high and secondary schools and their students. Some teachers provided an interview for supplementary information. Results: Data obtained by questionnaires was compiled and evaluated into the form of graphs. We got actual students' and teachers' opinions on physical education. Most respondents perceive physical education as positive activity because of fun and the oportunity to improve their fitness. Students miss unusual activities. The results confirm that gymnastics is included in lessons less than sports games. Students of high schools admit a fear of injuries and low fitness readiness, students of secondary schools admit that gymnastics is boring. Teachers of PE try to bring a variety of activities but these are mainly traditional and ordinary with usual equipment. Gymnastics is not included so often because it is physically demanding and because of lack of interest among students. Keywords:...

Esta dissertação teve o objetivo de investigar a circulação das turmas de alunos diplomados pela Escola Normal de São Paulo, na última década do século XIX, pelas funções docentes e administrativas da instrução pública paulista, no período 1890-1910. Esses homens e mulheres com o diploma da Escola Normal, considerados por diversos autores, como uma espécie de elite do professorado, tiveram participação em importantes cargos administrativos do aparelho escolar paulista, conforme realçado na bibliografia especializada. O estudo analisou a trajetória profissional de um conjunto bem delimitado desses professores, verificando para quais escolas ou cargos foram nomeados ou removeram-se, e também por quais regiões do estado deslocaram-se, com a finalidade de mapear seu trânsito pelas instituições de ensino e sua distribuição pelo território paulista. Se para o regime republicano esses professores eram imprescindíveis para a reforma da instrução pública, os mesmos deveriam assumir as escolas que estavam sendo instaladas em todo o estado, como forma de difundir o conhecimento e os modos de ensinar preconizados pelo Governo. No entanto, constatou-se que a disseminação desses profissionais capacitados por todo o estado, nas duas primeiras décadas republicanas, foi restrita. Além de sua baixa permanência nas escolas públicas, sobretudo nas escolas isoladas, instaladas nos bairros ou zonas rurais. Os normalistas foram ocupando sistematicamente os cargos em escolas graduadas instaladas em centros urbanos e, notadamente, os homens, os cargos administrativo-burocráticos. / This thesis aims at investigating the movement of groups of students graduated from São Paulo Normal School in the last decade of the nineteenth century, by means of the academic and administrative functions of São Paulo public education in the period 1890-1910. These men and women with a diploma from Normal School and considered by many authors as a kind of professorate elite have participated in important administrative positions of the Sao Paulo school scenario as highlighted in the specialized bibliography. The study analyzed the professional career of a well-defined team of these teachers, verifying to which schools or positions they were appointed or removed from, and also to which regions of the state they were transferred in order to map their transit through educational institutions and their distribution within São Paulo State. If for the republican regime these teachers were essential for the public education reform, they should have assumed the schools that were installed throughout the state as a way of spreading knowledge and ways of teaching commended by the Government. However, it was verified that the spread of these trained professionals throughout the state, in the first two decades of the Republic, was restrict and their permanence in public schools, especially in isolated schools located in neighborhoods or in rural areas was short. The teachers systematically occupied positions at graduate schools located in urban centers and, especially, the men occupied administrative-bureaucratic positions.

Esta dissertação teve o objetivo de investigar a circulação das turmas de alunos diplomados pela Escola Normal de São Paulo, na última década do século XIX, pelas funções docentes e administrativas da instrução pública paulista, no período 1890-1910. Esses homens e mulheres com o diploma da Escola Normal, considerados por diversos autores, como uma espécie de elite do professorado, tiveram participação em importantes cargos administrativos do aparelho escolar paulista, conforme realçado na bibliografia especializada. O estudo analisou a trajetória profissional de um conjunto bem delimitado desses professores, verificando para quais escolas ou cargos foram nomeados ou removeram-se, e também por quais regiões do estado deslocaram-se, com a finalidade de mapear seu trânsito pelas instituições de ensino e sua distribuição pelo território paulista. Se para o regime republicano esses professores eram imprescindíveis para a reforma da instrução pública, os mesmos deveriam assumir as escolas que estavam sendo instaladas em todo o estado, como forma de difundir o conhecimento e os modos de ensinar preconizados pelo Governo. No entanto, constatou-se que a disseminação desses profissionais capacitados por todo o estado, nas duas primeiras décadas republicanas, foi restrita. Além de sua baixa permanência nas escolas públicas, sobretudo nas escolas isoladas, instaladas nos bairros ou zonas rurais. Os normalistas foram ocupando sistematicamente os cargos em escolas graduadas instaladas em centros urbanos e, notadamente, os homens, os cargos administrativo-burocráticos. / This thesis aims at investigating the movement of groups of students graduated from São Paulo Normal School in the last decade of the nineteenth century, by means of the academic and administrative functions of São Paulo public education in the period 1890-1910. These men and women with a diploma from Normal School and considered by many authors as a kind of professorate elite have participated in important administrative positions of the Sao Paulo school scenario as highlighted in the specialized bibliography. The study analyzed the professional career of a well-defined team of these teachers, verifying to which schools or positions they were appointed or removed from, and also to which regions of the state they were transferred in order to map their transit through educational institutions and their distribution within São Paulo State. If for the republican regime these teachers were essential for the public education reform, they should have assumed the schools that were installed throughout the state as a way of spreading knowledge and ways of teaching commended by the Government. However, it was verified that the spread of these trained professionals throughout the state, in the first two decades of the Republic, was restrict and their permanence in public schools, especially in isolated schools located in neighborhoods or in rural areas was short. The teachers systematically occupied positions at graduate schools located in urban centers and, especially, the men occupied administrative-bureaucratic positions.

<p>Sverige är ett mångkulturellt land och det finns intentioner till integration i samhället och dess olika instanser. Skolan är en instans där barn, ungdomar och vuxna med olika bakgrund möts. Studenter med svensk bakgrund och studenter med utländsk bakgrund agerar inom skolan och det sker en kategorisering av studenterna i kategorierna svenskar och invandrare. Syftet med studien är att lyfta fram och tolka gymnasiestudenters tankar kring begreppen svenskar, invandrare och integration. Ett delsyfte är att genomföra en prövning av flödesskrivning som metod. Studien riktar sig till studenter i tredje året på gymnasiet i en kommun i Sverige. Resultatet av studien har visat att flödesskrivning lämpar sig väl som metod och därigenom har tankar lyfts fram kring begreppen. Tankar kring begreppet svenskar rör främst det ljusa som; vit, blond, och vänlighet. Tankar kring begreppet invandrare rör främst det mörka som; svart, bråk och kriminalitet. Tankar kring begreppet integration rör främst bråk och missförstånd och upplevs i stor utsträckning svårt. Ett krav för integration är positiva möten i tidig ålder mellan personer med svensk bakgrund och personer med utländsk bakgrund.</p>

Sverige är ett mångkulturellt land och det finns intentioner till integration i samhället och dess olika instanser. Skolan är en instans där barn, ungdomar och vuxna med olika bakgrund möts. Studenter med svensk bakgrund och studenter med utländsk bakgrund agerar inom skolan och det sker en kategorisering av studenterna i kategorierna svenskar och invandrare. Syftet med studien är att lyfta fram och tolka gymnasiestudenters tankar kring begreppen svenskar, invandrare och integration. Ett delsyfte är att genomföra en prövning av flödesskrivning som metod. Studien riktar sig till studenter i tredje året på gymnasiet i en kommun i Sverige. Resultatet av studien har visat att flödesskrivning lämpar sig väl som metod och därigenom har tankar lyfts fram kring begreppen. Tankar kring begreppet svenskar rör främst det ljusa som; vit, blond, och vänlighet. Tankar kring begreppet invandrare rör främst det mörka som; svart, bråk och kriminalitet. Tankar kring begreppet integration rör främst bråk och missförstånd och upplevs i stor utsträckning svårt. Ett krav för integration är positiva möten i tidig ålder mellan personer med svensk bakgrund och personer med utländsk bakgrund.

The purpose of this study was to explore the junior high school students' online gaming experiences and its relationship with self-concept, life adaptation and well-being. The data was collected by means of questionnaires, and the participants were junior high school students in Kaohsiung area. The employed instruments were to reorganize questionnaires of other people. A questionnaire including basic data, scale of online game experiences, scale of online game participation motive, scale of self-concept, scale of life adaptation, and scale of well-being was implied to the studnets of 10 junior high schools in Kaohsiung area and 887 effecitve paritcipants were obtained. Finally, the data was analyzed with the methods of Chi-square test, Independent t-test, MANOVA, Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of this study were as following: 1. At present, 68.5% of junior high students participate in online games. Among them, most students choose to play free online games at home. 2. In the online gaming participation rate, player experiences, everyday average time of playing online games and participation motive, boys are significantly higher than girls. 3. Parents don¡¦t restrict children to play online games, and then children spend longer time playing online games and the motive in playing online games is stronger. 4. Compared with the non-experience, students who have online gaming experiences have poor ¡§family self¡¨, but have better ¡§physical self¡¨. 5. Compared with students of having online gaming experiences, students who don¡¦t have online gaming experience have better ¡§life adaptation¡¨. 6. ¡§Self-assurance¡¨ dimensions, ¡§social interaction¡¨ dimensions and ¡§recreation amusement ¡§ dimensions of the online gaming participation motive toward self-concept, life adaptation and well-being are low explanation. That shows other important factors need exploring. Finally, some practical suggestions based on the results of this study were provided to those related education organizations, teachers, parents, and researchers as the references in the future.

This thesis generalizes and describes a complex law-technical system concerning intellectual property and especially patent protection. Main emphasis is put of the purpose and meaning of patent protection to the public, teachers and mainly to the student of upper primary schools.