Neste trabalho, estudamos a existência de soluções não triviais para uma classe de equações de Schrödinger não lineares envolvendo um campo magnético com condição de Dirichlet ou condição de fronteira mista Dirichlet-Neumann. Nos dois primeiros capítulos, damos uma estimativa para o número de soluções não triviais para o problema de Dirichlet em termos da topologia do domínio. Nos dois capítulos restantes, consideramos o problema de fronteira mista e estimamos o número de soluções não triviais em termos da topologia da porção da fronteira onde é prescrita a condição de Neumann. Em ambos os casos, usamos a teoria de categoria de Ljusternik-Schnirelmann e a teoria de Morse / We study the existence of nontrivial solutions for a class of nonlinear Schrödinger equations involving a magnetic field with Dirichlet or mixed DirichletNeumann boundary condition. In the first two chapters we give an estimate for the number of nontrivial solutions for the Dirichlet boundary value problem in terms of topology of the domain. In the last two chapters we consider mixed DirichletNeumann boundary value problems and the estimation of the number of nontrivial solutions is given in terms of the topology of the part of the boundary where the Neumann condition is prescribed. In both cases, we use Lyusternik- Shnirelman category and the Morse theory

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 552096 bytes, checksum: 3c146d673e17bf5ffda76282ad07c24d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this dissertation, we study existence of both one-sign and nodal positive solutions (with exactly two nodal domains) for a class of quasilinear Schrödinger equations, which model physic phenomena, for example, in plasma physics. To obtain the results, it was used, mainly, the Nehari method, as well as, regularity theory of elliptic and Concentration-Compactness Principle. / Nesta dissertação, estudamos a existência de soluções positivas e mudando de sinal (tendo exatamente dois domínios nodais) para uma classe de equações de Schrödinger quase lineares, as quais modelam fenômenos físicos, por exemplo, em Física dos Plasmas. Na obtenção dos resultados, foi usado, principalmente, o método de Nehari, bem como teoria de regularidade elíptica e o Princípio de Concentração-Compacidade de P. L. Lions.

Neste trabalho, estudamos a existência de soluções não triviais para uma classe de equações de Schrödinger não lineares envolvendo um campo magnético com condição de Dirichlet ou condição de fronteira mista Dirichlet-Neumann. Nos dois primeiros capítulos, damos uma estimativa para o número de soluções não triviais para o problema de Dirichlet em termos da topologia do domínio. Nos dois capítulos restantes, consideramos o problema de fronteira mista e estimamos o número de soluções não triviais em termos da topologia da porção da fronteira onde é prescrita a condição de Neumann. Em ambos os casos, usamos a teoria de categoria de Ljusternik-Schnirelmann e a teoria de Morse / We study the existence of nontrivial solutions for a class of nonlinear Schrödinger equations involving a magnetic field with Dirichlet or mixed DirichletNeumann boundary condition. In the first two chapters we give an estimate for the number of nontrivial solutions for the Dirichlet boundary value problem in terms of topology of the domain. In the last two chapters we consider mixed DirichletNeumann boundary value problems and the estimation of the number of nontrivial solutions is given in terms of the topology of the part of the boundary where the Neumann condition is prescribed. In both cases, we use Lyusternik- Shnirelman category and the Morse theory

In this thesis, we study Schrödinger equations with an external magnetic field. In the first part, we are interested in an eigenvalue problem. We work in an open, bounded and simply connected domain in dimension two. We consider a magnetic potential singular at one point in the domain, and related to the magnetic field being a multiple of a Dirac delta. Those two objects are related to the Bohm-Aharonov effect, in which a charged particle is influenced by the presence of the magnetic potential although it remains in a region where the magnetic field is zero. We consider the Schrödinger magnetic operator appearing in the Schrödinger equation in presence of an external magnetic field. We want to study the spectrum of this operator, and more particularly how it varies when the singular point moves in the domain. We prove some results of continuity and differentiability of the eigenvalues when the singular point moves in the domain or approaches its boundary. Finally, in case of half-integer circulation of the magnetic potential, we study some asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues close to their critical points. In the second part, we study nonlinear Schrödinger equations in a cylindrically setting. We are interested in the semiclassical limit of the equation. We prove the existence of a semiclassical solution concentrating on a circle. Moreover, the radius of that circle is determined by the electric potential, but also by the magnetic potential. This result is totally new with respect to the ones before, in which the concentration is driven only by the electric potential. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Ce travail est une contribution à l'étude des équations de Schrödinger non-linéaires (NLS) en dimension un d'espace. De telles équations interviennent notamment comme modèles dans plusieurs domaines de la physique mathématique, tels l'optique non-linéaire, la superfluidité, la supraconductivité et la condensation de Bose-Einstein.Cette thèse contient trois thèmes connexes inclus dans les chapitres 2, 3 et 4. Dans la première partie (chapitre 2), on s'intéresse à la construction des solutions en multi-solitons de l'équation de Gross-Pitaevskii (NLS défocalisante avec non-linéarité cubique), comme une superposition approximative des ondes progressives (solitons). Cette partie contient également une description détaillée des interactions entre les solitons. Ces résultats sont obtenus en exploitant l'intégrabilité de l'équation de Gross-Pitaevskii et son système de Marchenko associé.La deuxième partie (chapitre 4) clarifie les relations entre la formulation classique et la formulation dite hydrodynamique de l'équation de Gross-Pitaevskii. Cette dernière a un sens lorsque la solution ne s'annule jamais dans le domaine spatial. La dernière partie (chapitre 3) est consacrée à l'étude du problème de Cauchy d'une famille d'équations aux dérivées partielles quasi-linéaires qui généralise l'équation du flot par courbure binormal d'une courbe dans l'espace euclidien de dimension trois. Cette dernière est liée formellement à NLS par la transformation de Hasimoto. Dans notre généralisation, la vitesse d'un point de la courbe est toujours dirigée dans la direction du vecteur binormal, mais son amplitude peut dépendre de l'abscisse curviligne ainsi de la position dans l'espace. Notre approche pour prouver l'existence est le suivant: schéma semi-discret (discret en espace et continu en temps), obtention de bornes sur les problèmes discrets et argument par compacité. Un théorème de comparaison entraîne l'unicité. / This work is a contribution to the study of nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLS) in the one-dimensional space. Such equations arise in many physical fields, including nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensation. The thesis contains three connected themes included in chapters 2, 3 and 4. The first part (chapter 2) constructs multi-soliton solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii (or defocussing NLS) equation, as an approximate superposition of traveling waves (solitons). This part contains also a detailed description of the interactions between solitons. These results are obtained by exploiting the integrability of the the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and its associated Marchenko system. The second part (chapter 4) clarifies the relations between the classical formulation and the so-called hydrodynamical formulation that only has a meaning when the solution does not vanish anywhere in the spatial domain The last part (chapter 3) of this thesis concerns existence and uniqueness results for a family of quasi-linear partial differential equations that generalize the equation of the binormal curvature flow for a curve in the three-dimensional space. The latter equation is in connection to the focussing cubic NLS by Hasimoto transformation. In our generalization, the velocity of a point on the curve is still directed along the binormal vector (so that in particular the length of the curve is preserved) but the magnitude of the speed is allowed to depend both on the curvilinear parameter and on the position in space. Existence is proven using spatial discretization together with some a priori bounds on the approximate solutions. Uniqueness follows from a comparison theorem.

Este trabalho consiste, fundamentalmente, em estabelecer de forma analítica a existência e estabilidade orbital de soluções standing-wave de tipo peakon, para a seguinte equação de Schrödinger com dois pontos de interação, determinados por duas deltas de Dirac centradas nos pontos x = ±c (NLS-), i t u(x, t) + x 2 u(x, t) + Z[ c (x) + c (x)]u(x, t) = |u(x, t)| 2 u(x, t), (1) onde u : R×R C, Z R e c é a distribuição delta de Dirac agindo em x = c > 0, a saber, para H 1 (R), h c , i = (c). Para as soluções standing waves (ondas estacionárias) associadas à equação (1), i.e., u(x, t) = e it (x), mostramos que é possível determinar o perfil (x) da seguinte maneira: entre os pontos c e c o perfil admite, pelos menos, duas funções suaves e positivas dadas pelas funções elípticas de Jacobi conhecidas como dnoidal e cnoidal. Já para c < |x|, o perfil coincide com uma determinada translação do soliton-perfil secante hiperbólica\" (é bem conhecido na literatura que o perfil secante hiperbólica está associado à equação (1), no caso em que Z = 0). De fato, mostramos que para o caso Z > 0 é possível ajustar, entre os pontos de interação c e c, um perfil periódico de tipo dnoidal ; e para o caso Z < 0 mostramos como é construído entre os pontos de interação um perfil de tipo cnoidal. Uma questão crucial que surge no problema da existência de um perfil conveniente é aquela relacionada com a localização do ponto de interação c > 0. A maneira como respondimos a esta questão foi, de fato, determinante para a obtenção do nosso resultado de estabilidade/instabilidade. Isto se deve a que permitiu o uso de técnicas conhecidas na literatura no desenvolvimento do trabalho. En concreto, a escolha da localização do ponto de interação c, faz com que a segunda derivada do perfil , seja contínua neste ponto. Baseados em argumentos da teoria de Floquet, teoria de representação de formas bi- lineares, teoria de extensão de operadores simétricos e a teoria de perturbação analítica para operadores lineares, bem como nos resultados desenvolvidos por Weinstein e Grilla- kis&Shatah&Strauss, mostramos resultados sobre a estabilidade/instabilidade orbital des- sas ondas. Mais precisamente, mostramos que aquelas com um perfil dnoidal são instáveis e aquelas um perfil cnoidal são estáveis. Além disto, estudamos o problema de Cauchy para (1) no espaço de energia H 1 (R). Para tanto, usaremos informações do espectro do operador com interações pontuais d 2 ±c,Z = 2 Z[ c + c ], dx o qual representa formalmente uma das famílias de extensões auto-adjuntas do operador iii simétrico ( d 2 = dx 2 D() = {f H 1 (R) H 2 (R {±c}) : f (±c) = 0}. / This work consists mainly in establishing an analytical way the existence and orbital stability for the standing-wave solutions of \"peakon\"type of the following Schrödinger equation with two points of interaction, determined by two Diracs delta centered at the points x = ±c (NLS-), i t u(x, t) + x 2 u(x, t) + Z[ c + c ]u(x, t) = |u(x, t)| 2 u(x, t), (2) where u : R × R C, Z R and c is the Diracs delta distribution in x = c > 0, namely, for H 1 (R), h c , i = (c). For the standing-wave solutions associated to equation (2), i.e., u(x, t) = e it (x), we show that is possible to determine the profile (x) as follows: between the points c and c, the profile admits at least two smooth positive functions given by the Jacobi elliptic functions of dnoidal and cnoidal type. For c < |x|, the profile coincides with an specific shift of the soliton-profile hiperbolic secant profile (it is well-known in the literature that the hiperbolic secant profile is associated to the equation (2) for the case Z = 0). Indeed, we show for the case Z > 0 that it is possible to determine a periodic dnoidal profile between the points c and c. On the other hand, for the case Z < 0 we establish a periodic cnoidal profile between the points c and c. A crucial question arises in the problem of the existence of a suitable profile is the one related to the location of the interaction point c > 0. This question was crucial to the achievement of our stability/instability result. In fact, the choice of location of the interaction point c implies that the second derivative of the porfile is continuous at c. The stability/instability theory of these specific profiles are based on the analityc per- turbation theory and the framework developed by Weinstein and Grillakis&Shatah&Strauss. More precisely, we show that those ones with a dnoidal profile are unstable and those ones with a cnoidal profile are stable. In addition, we study the Cauchy problem in the energy space H 1 (R) for equation (2). For this purpose, it is necessary to study the spectrum of the operator d 2 ±c,Z = 2 Z[ c + c ]. dx This operator can be understood as the family of self-adjoint extension of the symmetric operator ( d 2 = dx 2 D() = {f H 1 (R) H 2 (R {±c}) : f (±c) = 0}.

Dans cette thèse nous étudions l’existence et la stabilité orbitale de solutions ayant une norme prescrite pour deux types d’équations Schrödinger non linéaires dans , à savoir, une classe de systèmes non linéaires couplés de Schrödinger dans et une classe d’équations non linéaires de Schrödinger du quatrième ordre dans . Ces deux types d’équations non linéaires de Schrödinger surviennent dans de nombreuses applications en mathématiques et physique, et sont devenus une grande attention dans les années récentes. D’un point de vue physique, de telles solutions sont souvent référées comme des solutions normalisées, qui sont obtenues comme points critiques d’énergie fonctionnelle associée sous contrainte avec une norme. Les éléments clés de nos preuves sont les méthodes variationnelles. / In this thesis, we are concerned with the existence and orbital stability of solutions having prescribed -norm for two types of nonlinear Schrödinger equations in , namely a class of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger systems in and a class of fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations in . These two types of nonlinear Schrödinger equations arise in a variety of mathematical and physical models, and have drawn wide attention to research in recent years. From a physical point of view, such solutions are often referred as normalized solutions, which correspond to critical points of the underlying energy functional restricted to -norm constraint. The main ingredients of our proofs are variational methods.

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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l’existence, non existence et multiplicité des ondes stationnairesavec les normes prescrites pour deux types d’équations aux dérivées partiellesnon linéaires elliptiques découlant de différents modèles physiques. La stabilité orbitale desondes stationnaires est également étudiée dans certains cas. Les principales méthodes denos preuves sont des arguments variationnels. Les solutions sont obtenues comme pointscritiques de fonctionnelle associée sur une contrainte.La thèse se compose de sept chapitres. Le Chapitre 1 est l’introduction de la thèse. Dansles Chapitres 2 à 4, nous étudions une classe d’équations de Schrödinger-Poisson-Slaternon linéaires. Nous établissons dans le Chapitre 2 des résultats optimaux non existencede solutions d’énergie minimale ayant une norme L2 prescrite. Dans le Chapitre 3, nousmontrons un résultat d’existence de solutions L2 normalisées, dans une cas où la fonctionnelleassociée n’est pas bornée inférieurement sur la contrainte. Nos solutions sonttrouvées comme des points de selle de la fonctionnelle, mais ils correspondent à des solutionsd’énergée minimale. Nous montrons également que les ondes stationnaires associéessont orbitalement instables. Ici, puisque nos points critiques présumés ne sont pas desminimiseurs globaux, il n’est pas possible d’utiliser de façon systématique les méthodesde compacité par concentration développées par P. L. Lions. Ensuite, dans le Chapitre4, nous montrons que sous les hypothèses du Chapitre 3, il existe une infinité de solutionsayant une norme L2 prescrite. Dans les deux chapitres suivants, nous étudions uneclasse d’équations de Schrödinger quasi-linéaires. Des résultats optimaux non existence desolutions d’énergie minimale sont donnés dans le Chapitre 5. Dans le Chapitre 6, nousprouvons l’existence de deux solutions positives ayant une norme donnée. L’une d’elles,relativement à la contrainte L2, est de type point selle. L’autre est un minimum, soit localou global. Le fait que la fonctionnelle naturelle associée à cette équation n’est pas biendéfinie nécessite l’utilisation d’une méthode de perturbation pour obtenir ces deux pointscritiques. Enfin, au Chapitre 7, nous mentionnons quelques questions que cette thèse asoulevées. / In this thesis, we study the existence, non-existence and multiplicity of standing waves withprescribed norms for two types of nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations arisingfrom various physical models. The orbital stability of the standing waves is also discussedin some cases. The main ingredients of our proofs are variational arguments. The solutionsare found as critical points of an associated functional on a constraint.The thesis consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 is the Introduction of the thesis.In Chapters 2 to 4, we study a class of nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson-Slater equations.We establish in Chapter 2 sharp non-existence results of least energy solutions having aprescribed L2-norm. In Chapter 3 we prove an existence result for L2-normalized solutions,in a situation where the associated functional is unbounded from below on the constraint.Our solutions are found as saddle points of the functional but they correspond to leastenergy solutions. We also prove that the associated standing waves are orbitally unstable.Here a key feature is that, since our suspected critical points are not global minimizers, itis not possible to use in a standard way the machinery of compactness by concentrationdeveloped by P. L. Lions. Then, in Chapter 4, we prove that under the assumptions ofChapter 3, there do exist infinitely many solutions having a prescribed L2-norm. In thefollowing two chapters, we investigate a class of quasi-linear Schrödinger equations. Sharpnon-existence results of least energy solutions are given in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6 weprove the existence of two positive solutions having a given norm. One of them, is relativeto the L2-norm constraint, of saddle point type. The other one is a minimum, either localor global. The fact that the natural functional associated with this equation is not welldefined requires the use of a perturbation approach to obtain these two critical points.Finally, in Chapter 7 we mention some questions that this thesis has raised.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l'étude de quatre équations d'évolution non-locales. Les solutions de ces quatre équations peuvent exploser en temps fini. Dans la théorie des équations d'évolution non-linéaires, une solution est qualifiée de globale si elle est définie pour tout temps positif. Au contraire, si une solution existe seulement sur un intervalle de temps [0; T) borné, elle est dite locale. Dans ce dernier cas et quand le temps maximal d'existence est relié à une alternative d'explosion, on dit aussi que la solution explose en temps fini. Dans un premier travail, nous considérons l'équation de Schrödinger non-linéaire avec une puissance fractionnaire du laplacien, et nous obtenons l'explosion de la solution en temps fini Tmax > 0 pour toute condition initiale positive et non-triviale dans le cas d'exposant sous-critique. Ensuite, nous étudions une équation des ondes amorties avec un potentiel d'espace-temps et un terme non-linéaire et non-local en temps. Nous obtenons un résultat d'existence locale d'une solution dans l'espace d'énergie sous des conditions restrictives sur les données initiales, la dimension de l'espace et la croissance du terme non-linéaire. De plus, nous obtenons l'explosion de la solution en temps fini pour toute condition initiale de moyenne strictement positive. De plus, nous étudions un problème de Cauchy pour l'équation d'évolution avec un p- Laplacien avec une non linéarité non-locale en temps. Dans ce cadre, nous nous intéressons à l'étude de l'existence locale d'une solution de cette équation ainsi qu'un résultat de non-existence de solution globale. Finalement, nous étudions l'intervalle maximal d'existence des solutions de l'équation des milieux poreux avec un terme non-linéaire non-local en temps. / In this thesis, we study four non-local evolution equations. The solutions of these four equations can blow up in finite time. In the theory of nonlinear evolution equations, a solution is qualified as global if it isdefined for any time. Otherwise, if a solution exists only on a bounded interval [0; T), it is called local solution. In this case and when the maximum time of existence is related to a blow up alternative, we say that the solution blows up in finite time. First, we consider the nonlinear Schröodinger equation with a fractional power of the Laplacien operator, and we get a blow up result in finite time Tmax > 0 for any non-trivial non-negative initial condition in the case of sub-critical exponent. Next, we study a damped wave equation with a space-time potential and a non-local in time non-linear term. We obtain a result of local existence of a solution in the energy space under some restrictions on the initial data, the dimension of the space and the growth of nonlinear term. Additionally, we get a blow up result of the solution in finite time for any initial condition positive on average. In addition, we study a Cauchy problem for the evolution p-Laplacien equation with nonlinear memory. We study the local existence of a solution of this equation as well as a result of non-existence of global solution. Finally, we study the maximum interval of existence of solutions of the porous medium equation with a nonlinear non-local in time term.