Texte remanié de : Thèse de doctorat : Linguistique contrastive : Göteborgs Universitet : 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 199-207.

Zugl.: Zürich, Univ., Diss., 2006

Zugl.: Zürich, Univ., Diss., 2008

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 1991. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-154).

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 1990. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English and German. Includes bibliographical references (p. [204]-207) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 1991. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. [193]-200).

By observing and interviewing four certified German teachers this empirical study aims to investigate how and when teachers use German versus Swedish in their German as a second language teaching. The language use was time measured, and it was also investigated in which situations the different languages were used. The findings in this study suggest that there are big differences between the investigated teachers. In the interviews all the teachers stated that their aim was to use German as much as they could while teaching, but the observations in this study show that the half of the investigated teachers act in very different ways in the classrooms in comparison to what they say, and that they use Swedish to a much bigger extent than German. All the teachers mean that it is immensely important that the pupils get to listen to the target language and the general thought is that Swedish should only be used when teaching grammar, but otherwise should German be spoken since the German lessons are the only occasions when the pupils get to listen to the target language. Reasons that are given for the use of Swedish are that it saves time and that there is much more convenient to speak Swedish than German, both for them as teachers as for the pupils who otherwise may have problems in understanding instructions etc. If the pupils have problems in understanding the teachers it also means that there will be a lack of interest in learning German, of which they use Swedish in order to keep up the spirit among the pupils. Surprisingly a teacher who has German as native language use Swedish to a very big extent in this study. She means that she finds it new and strange to use German in Sweden, but also that she finds Swedish as a much more effective language to use in class, and furthermore that the students seem to have something against language teaching, and German in general, which makes it difficult to keep the classes in the target language. To sum up it can be said that the choice of language by the teachers depends on their personalities and thoughts, but also on the Classroom climate in general

Zusammengefasst lässt sich sagen, dass ein klar überwiegender Teil der Übersetzungen in der ZS Eins-zu-Eins-Entsprechungen sind. Die enge sprachgeschichtliche Verwandtschaft des Schwedischen mit dem Deutschen zeigt sich hier sehr deutlich. Ein kleinerer Anteil sind Einszu-Viele-Entsprechungen. Es gibt deshalb Eins-zu-Viele-Entsprechung, da es in der AS oft viele Entsprechungen für ein Wort/Substantiv in der ZS gibt. Zum Beispiel haben wir das Verb „se“ im Schwedischen, was man im Deutschen mit „sehen“, „gucken“, „schauen“ oder „blicken“ usw. übersetzen kann. Es kommt auf den Zusammenhang an, in welchem Kontextdas Wort steht und welchen Übersetzungsstil der Übersetzer/ die Übersetzerin wählt, wenn er/sie auf die verschiedenen Äquivalenzforderungen Rücksicht nimmt, wie z.B. Reim oder Alliteration. In den untersuchten Texten habe ich einige Fehler bzw. Abweichungen gefunden. Es handelt sich nicht um schwerwiegende Fehler, sondern eher um Kompromisse, damit sich der Textflüssiger liest. Gelegentlich muss man sehen, welches Wort besser passt, um bei derÜbersetzung pragmatische und formale Äquivalenzforderungen erfüllen zu können. Ich habe lediglich eine Hinzufügung gefunden, die im Grunde genommen eine kontextbezogeneVerdeutlichung ist.

In German, the preterite subjunctive can be expressed either synthetically (es käme) or analytically (es würde kommen). It is often claimed that the synthetic forms are falling out of usage, and that the analytic würde-construction is replacing them. However, there are a number of verbs whose preterite subjunctive forms are still used with some regularity (kommen, geben, wissen etc.), especially in writing. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether the usage of some of these verbs in the würde-construction has increased during the second half of the 20th century – and, if so, whether this increase has been accompanied by a decrease in usage of the corresponding synthetic forms. Since the preterite subjunctive, in its synthetic form, is primarily a feature of the written language, the investigation has been concentrated to written texts. A corpus called the DWDS-Kernkorpus has been used as the material of the investigation; the corpus consists of four different types of written texts: fiction, functional literature, academic texts, and newspapers. The analytic and the synthetic preterite subjunctive forms of eight verbs (kommen, geben, wissen, stehen, finden, liegen, tun, and sehen) have been searched in the corpus. The frequency of these forms in each decade has been compared, which reveals the diachronic development of their usage. The results of the investigation indicate that the synthetic forms of the eight verbs have been used regularly throughout the time period, and that they – in most cases – are more frequent than their analytic counterparts. An increase of the analytic würde-construction could not be observed. This suggests that, to a certain degree, the synthetic preterite subjunctive remains a viable feature of the written German language.

The object of the thesis was to gather German and Swedish idiomatic expressions with the origin in sports and to compare them, whether they are corresponding or not. These sport idioms, coming from different sport disciplines, describe circumstances in daily lifepreserving their original meaning and can be a problem for not-native speakers if not used in the right context. The result of the theses is that most of the German sport idioms correspond very good or good with the Swedish ones. Just a few idioms in both languages have no equivalent partner. That is a sign for the close relation between German and Swedish.