In Sweden, detailed development plans (DDPs) go through a screening process to decide whether their implementation could cause significant environmental impact or not. The criteria in the legislation were studied to see if an environmental impact assessment was needed. This study also investigated 26 DDPs from 12 out of 13 of the municipalities in Östergötland and how they meet up to the demands in relevant legislation, for example the rules for Environmental Impact Assessments. Plans that concerned suburban communities and new housing were selected. The environmental issues highlighted in the plan documents were compared to selected topics from the GIS data base 'Östgötakartan' to see if the assessments made by the municipalities were reasonable judged. The results showed that in 54% of the municipalities, the screening processes corresponded with the Environmental Impact Assessment criteria. The most common flaws were that neither the national environmental goals nor the motivation of the decision was given any significant attention. The results of the questions that were sent to the municipalities showed that the working procedures vary among the municipalities. 73% of the municipalities used checklists as a basis for their assessments, whereas the rest worked in workgroups. Further the results indicated that there was a correlation between screening processes which had large flaws, according to the legislation criteria, and the lack of a county ecologist. In Sweden there is no real monitoring of how the legislation is implanted in the screening processes in different municipalities, which means that the processes can have flaws.

PURPOSE To explain what impacts brand love. METHODOLOGY Quantitative approach, using online surveys, with a total of 462 participants. Additionally, a qualitative method was applied in the pre-study, using semi-structured in-depth interviews, and a total of 12 respondents. FINDINGS Previous literature lack of concern for parallel studies has a divergent effect in explaining what impacts brand love. A consolidated approach can explain brand love antecedents as the combination of brand evaluation, brand identification, and experience value. In additional findings, brand category has a rather small influence in brand love, and, brand love is a phenomenon not exclusive to one particular brand category. LIMITATIONS The findings of this research account for 50% of explanatory power, further exploration and qualitative tests are needed in order to identify the remaining explanatory power. IMPLICATIONS The results of this research suggest a consolidated model that can be used by researchers to extend the understanding of what antecedes brand love. Additionally, the model is a starting point for avoiding future divergence in literature. For managers, the findings present a three-faceted suggestion on how to use brand love antecedents. ORIGINALITY This study consolidates a divergent field of study, and by doing so, creates a new understanding of what impacts brand love. Additionally, the pre-study has an unorthodox methodological approach, and uses a qualitative method as a screening process, rather than an exploration process.

Detta är en rapport som syftar till att kartlägga kvalificerade leverantörer till Aqua‐Nova AB. Företagets organisation är liten och består av fem anställda. Det är därför en utmaning att sälja nya projekt, övervaka tillverkning och vårda kundrelationer och samtidigt bedriva utvecklingsprojekt. Arbetet är baserat på tekniska rapporter som erhållits av Aqua‐Nova. Rapporterna utreder en möjlig optimering av destillationsprocessen med ejektorteknik. Målet med rapporten var att kartlägga kvalificerade leverantörer av ejektorer till Aqua‐Nova. Det ingående målet med rapporten var att besvara de fyra detaljerade målen som formulerades. Vilka fördelar respektive nackdelar skapas av att införa en ejektor i systemet? Vilka kundfördelar ger en ejektor? Vilka krav ställs på tekniken för att fungera tillsammans med Aqua‐Novas nuvarande system? Vilka krav ställs på leverantörerna vad gäller kompetens, leveransförmåga och pris? Genom Googlesökningar, undersökning av Achema industrimässa samt genom intervju hittades elva leverantörer som uppfyllde kravspecifikationen. Med Pugh‐ och Kesselring‐matriser utfördes en sållningsprocess i två steg. Det brittiska företaget Transvac Systems Ltd. fick högst poäng i båda sållningarna och anses således var den mest kvalificerade leverantören. Sållningsprocessen kompletterades med en konkurrentanalys, en riskanalys samt intervju för att besvara de detaljerade målen. Konkurrentanalysen utreder för‐ och nackdelar med utvecklingsprojektet och visar att Aqua‐Nova kan öka sina marknadsandelar genom differentiering av produkten. Fokus bör läggas på de marknader där kylvatten är en bristvara och de företag som lider av platsbrist. Kundfördelarna blir en mer miljövänlig och lönsam produkt. Riskanalysen svarar på om det föreligger en risk att implementera ny teknik i Aqua‐Novas system. Baserat på resultatet är risken, att ejektortekniken ska orsaka driftstörningar, minimal. Intervjun visar att en leverantör måste kunna leverera skräddarsydda ejektorer samt hur ejektorn bör utformas för att fungera i Aqua‐Novas system. Det slutgiltiga resultatet anses trovärdigt eftersom sållningsprocessen utfördes i två steg. Risk‐ och konkurrentanalysen ger en bild över de utmaningar företaget kan möta i och med utvecklingsprojektet. Arbetet bör kompletteras med en kostnadsanalys samt att en testanläggning utvecklas för att garantera lönsamhet och en funktionsduglig produkt. / This is a report that aims to map qualified suppliers to Aqua‐Nova. The company's organization is small and consists of five employees. It is therefore a challenge to sell new projects, monitor production and care for customer relations and at the same time conduct development projects. The work is based on a technical report obtained by Aqua‐Nova. The report investigates a possible optimization of the distillation process using ejector technology. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the most suitable subcontractor of ejectors for Aqua‐Nova. The purpose was to also answer the four detailed objectives. What advantages and disadvantages are created by introducing an ejector into the system? What customer benefits does an ejector provide? What requirements are placed on the technology to work together with Aqua‐Nova's current system? What requirements are placed on suppliers in terms of competence, delivery ability and price? Through Google searches, examination of Achema industrial fair and through interviews, eleven suppliers were found who met the requirements specification. With Pugh and Kesselring matrices, a two‐step screening process was performed. The British company Transvac Systems Ltd. got the highest score in both screenings and is thus considered the most suitable supplier.  The screening process was supplemented by a competition analysis, a risk analysis and an interview to answer the detailed objectives. The competition analysis aims to investigate the pros and cons of the development project and shows that Aqua‐Nova can increase its market share by differentiating the product. The focus should be on the markets where cooling water is a scarce commodity and the companies that suffer from space shortages. The customer benefits become a more environmentally friendly and profitable product. The risk analysis shows whether there is a risk of implementing new technology in Aqua‐Nova's system. Based on the result, the risk of the ejector causing a downtime is minimal. The interview shows that a supplier must be able to deliver tailor‐made ejectors and how the ejector should be designed to work in the Aqua‐Nova system. The result can be considered credible since the screening process was performed in two steps. The risk and competition analysis give a representation of the challenges the company can face with the development project. The result ought to be supplemented by a cost analysis and developing of a test facility to ensure profitability and a functional product.

The leaders of all countries of each sector and level of society are compelled to work together to address [social and environmental] challenges by maintaining sustainable human development and ensuring that the benefits of globalization are shared more widely. It is in the interests of businesses that these benefits continue both for companies and for others in society.   The Venture Capital is a financial capital provided to the startup firms in their early stages which has a high potential for growth but also entail high risk. The Venture capital firms typically look for new and small businesses with a perceived long term growth potential that will result in a high payout for investors. Venture capital is a subset of private equity of the firms. On other hand, Private equity is an asset class consisting of equity securities, which are not quoted in the stock market. An investment in private equity most often involves either an investment of capital in a mature firms as well as buyout firms.             The purpose of this study is to explore the gap between UK and U.S venture capital and private equity firms on the base of ESG criteria into investment decision making process. To find a relationship between venture capital and private equity firms mainstream investment with ESG criteria and also highlight new trends and the issues, which are potential barrier of ESG criteria implementation in UK and US firms. The authors used different academic literature, previous studies to find a gap and a relationship of ESG criteria into mainstream investment decision making process in UK and U.S firms.   The research is based on both primary & secondary data under descriptive nature of study. A technique with the name of content analysis was used to collect the quantitative data from the U.K and U.S Venture Capital and Private Equity firms. These firms are further categorized in the sample size under the umbrella of clean tech and non-clean tech. Total sample size is 120 firms (60 VC & 60 PE), where 56 are clean tech and 64 are Non-clean tech firms. The find a relationship between variables regression analysis technique is used through SPSS for verifying the validity and variability of collected Data.   We found that, an ESG criterion is on development stage, and there is no such technique and standards that are developed by the venture capital and private equity firms. We found, that firms are mostly focusing on responsible investment strategy; it is somehow same like whole ESG for purpose of their investment screening process. We found that ESG consideration in some UK and U.S venture capital and private equity firms exist, but vary from firms to firms. Some firms are considering just one factor while some other firms consider more than one.  Large firms have more focus on ESG as compared to small firms; due to the nature of business and size, and number of employees, focus is only limited towards investment options and development of strategies for the firm. The result of this study interpret that the U.S firms are focusing more on investment returns, and pay less attention towards ESG as compared to U.K firms, Where UK Venture capital and private equity firms results shows that, they are more focused towards ESG and feel free to incorporate ESG criteria into their investment strategies without incurring any cost in terms of risk and returns.

Innovation has been considered the critical driver behind economic growth and value creation for a long time. However, in order to achieve an innovative status, the commercializing of an invention is required by injecting capital and strategy. While capital comes in many forms, this thesis focuses on the field of venture capital and how this type of financial backing can be analyzed and managed. Herein, the company characteristics continuum is presented, where business model innovation and technological innovation represent the two extremities. The purpose was then to investigate if there are significant differences in the venture capitalists' investment models as one moves along the aforementioned continuum. Semi-structured interviews were used and interpreted independently by the authors, with respect to coding units, in order to enhance objectivity. The thesis mainly targeted the information technology industry, where analysis was conducted on four of the largest actors on the Nordic venture capital market. The Nordic focus, combined with the rapidly moving industry, resulted in that significant differences, in the venture capitalists' investment models, were identified; giving implications both for theory and practice. These differences were identified as stemming from the initially adopted risk profiles, which then affected all other areas of the investment models. / Innovation har länge ansetts vara den kritiska drivkraften bakom ekonomisk tillväxt och värdeskapande. Emellertid, för att uppnå en innovativ status, krävs kommersialisering av en uppfinning genom att tillföra kapital och strategi. Kapital existerar i flera olika former, dock fokuserar denna uppsats på området riskkapital, och hur denna typ av finansiell backning kan analyseras och hanteras. Häri presenteras kontinuumet för företagskaraktäristik, där innovation inom affärsmodeller och teknik representerar de två ändpunkterna. Syftet var att undersöka om det fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan riskkapitalisters investeringsmodeller, när ett företag rör sig längs det ovan nämnda kontinuumet. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer användes och tolkades oberoende av författarna, genom att använda kodord, för att förbättra objektiviteten. Uppsatsen berör främst företag inom industrin för informationsteknologi, där analys har gjorts på fyra av de största aktörerna inom marknaden för riskkapital i Norden. Ett Nordiskt fokus, kombinerat med en hastigt utvecklande industri, resulterade i att signifikanta skillnader, i riskkapitalisters investeringsmodeller, identifierades; vilket gav implikationer för både teori och praktik. Dessa skillnader identifierades att härstamma från de initialt anammade riskprofilerna, som sedan påverkade alla andra områden inom investeringsmodellen.