Abstract This study is to finding out how second language teachers can use music as a method to teaching multilingual students in Swedish as a second language. This study even deals with assets and challenges using music as a method in teaching and learning Swedish as a second language. To answer these questions, data was collected by interviews with three pedagogues who have experiences from teaching in Swedish language with music as a method. The result shows that music helps multilingual students to learn Swedish as a second language both in an individual level and in a group level. With music you can practice accent, vocal clang, pitch, and rhythmics. Music has a social influence and creates safe atmosphere in the classroom. It even creates a place of meetings between different cultures and generations. This way of working requires a brave, flexible and a direct pedagogue. There are different ways of working with music as a method in second language teaching. The students can translate favorite songs from their homelands and then teach their classmates the same song in both languages. Together you can create your own songs connected to other theoretical subjects in school. The students can shape music and songs by drawing pictures and then let them write texts to their own pictures. What is obvious is that music promotes second language progress.

Education plays a vital role in shaping social structures and influencing social mobility in a society, and thus educational equality is a concern for many societies. Considering the compulsory status of English from basic to higher education in China and its symbolic meaning in Chinese society, this study regards it as a window to explore educational inequality and its association with social structures. This study investigates the roles played by family, geographic divide, and institution, and the way in which the three interplay in structuring the educational pathways of individuals and shaping educational inequality. This study describes a qualitative case study of 36 students of different social milieus in an elite university. Data from the case interviews is complemented by classroom observation of three secondary schools within the educational system hierarchy, classroom observation of the elite university, teacher interviews from the four educational institutions, and collected documents. I draw on Bourdieu's conceptual tools of different types of capital, field, and habitus in order to understand the complexity of educational inequality in China. The data present striking differences in the educational trajectories between social groups. The success of higher-SES students is partly ascribed to the richer volume and types of their families' cultural capital, and the inclination for their families to transfer abundant economic capital to their children's embodied cultural capital. The interview data suggest that disadvantaged students rely heavily on formal education and are inscribed with institutional habitus due to the scarcity of educational resources obtained from family. More importantly, for advantaged students, their family, secondary schools (previous field) and the elite university (current field) work together in a consistent way, resulting in a positive momentum that contributes to a sense of belonging and fitting-in to the elite university. On the contrary, for marginalised students, contradictions and disconnections are found between secondary schools and the current elite field in terms of institutional habitus and practices, which to a large extent can be ascribed to the stratified school system and geographic divides. This situation leads to a negative momentum for them, which causes feelings of alienation and a sense of disorientation when encountering the elite field. This academic disorientation is evident in their transitional period. Their habitus is identified by a transformative tendency with easier access to dominant cultural capital and habitus. However, the transformation is circumscribed by their huge efforts made in overcoming the initial difficulties and their families' lack of capital. Some special cases in my study suggest a more equal admission policy and the critical role that institutions play in compensating for a family's lack of capital. This thesis concludes with suggestions for more inclusive practices for institutions and policy makers in China to achieve a more equal educational context.

<p>The purpose of this essay is to investigate what different ways there are to teach English grammar at upper secondary level and what guidance experienced teachers have to offer. This is done by studying different theorists’ ideas on language acquisition as well as what researchers’ opinions are on how to teach grammar. I have also interviewed seven experienced teachers who work at upper secondary level.</p><p>The results of this investigation show that explicit grammar teaching has decreased over the years and been replaced by implicit grammar teaching and communication exercises. Grammar teaching has become integrated with activities focusing on meaning and is taught more through examples than by using grammatical terminology. Since students frequently come into contact with English they are not thought to need grammar rules as much, since they learn the language in a native-like way almost. However, they repeatedly make some mistakes. Each teacher had different methods for dealing with these mistakes, but they seemed to be keeping in mind the students’ needs and the curriculum.</p><p>In this study, I will highlight some methods for teaching grammar, factors that can influence learning and provide information on some existing theories about how students learn their second language.</p>

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Orientador: Zilda Maria Gesueli Oliveira da Paz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T14:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bressan_MarianaRodrigues_M.pdf: 758960 bytes, checksum: 7a2734b9bfa834be74b64048397b9a35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A Língua Brasileira de Sinais - LIBRAS é uma língua natural como qualquer outra composta de sintaxe, semântica e morfologia própria. O reconhecimento da LIBRAS foi legitimado pelo decreto de nº 5626 de dezembro de 2005 como uma língua oficial,propiciando a construção de conhecimento e a constituição da identidade surda. Daí importância desta língua na sociedade e não somente como uma prática exclusiva aos surdos, afinal os ouvintes também podem aprender LIBRAS como segunda língua.Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como ocorre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Língua Brasileira de Sinais - LIBRAS -por pessoas ouvintes em um contexto de escola técnica que conta com alunos surdos nos cursos, verificando a forma de aceitação e asimplicações do processo de aquisição da LIBRAS.Assim,observamos as aulas do curso de LIBRAS da escola técnica SENAI (Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial), localizada no interior do Estado de São Paulo e, posteriormente, foram entrevistados dez alunos ouvintes e a professora de LIBRAS participantes da pesquisa sob a perspectiva de entrevista semiestruturada. Vale lembrar que todos os dados coletados foram armazenados por meio de registros escritos (diário de campo), filmagens e fotos. Com base nas análises realizadas acerca dos dados coletados podemos afirmar que apesar de algumas dificuldades apontadas pelos alunos ouvintes, a aprendizagem da LIBRAS como segunda língua é possível e viável, visto que no decorrer das aulas a comunicação entre ouvintes e surdos melhorou de maneira significativa, sem a necessidade da mediação da intérprete / Abstract: Brazilian Sign Language - LIBRAS - is a natural language like any other, made up of its own system of syntax, semantics and morphology. LIBRAS was recognized as a legitimate official language by the national decree (Decree number 5626 of December 2005), which promotes the construction of knowledge and the constitution of deaf identity. This is why sign language is so important in society, and not merely a practice that pertains exclusively to the deaf - after all, hearing people can also learn LIBRAS as a second language.The aim of this study is to understand the process of teaching and learning Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) by hearing people in the context of a technical school with deaf students enrolled in the courses, by investigating the process of acceptance of Sign Language and the implications for the process of LIBRAS acquisition. We observed classes of LIBRAS instruction in a technical school named SENAI (National Service for Industrial Learning), located in the interior of the State of São Paulo, and later research participants, including ten hearing students and one LIBRAS teacher, were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. All data that was collected was recorded using written notes (field journal), video recording and photographs. Based on the analysis of the data, we can state that despite some difficulties mentioned by the hearing students, learning LIBRAS as a second language is possible and viable. Over the period of classes, communication between hearing and deaf students improved significantly, without the need of mediation by the interpreter / Mestrado / Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação / Mestra em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação

This study engages with the domains of second language teaching and learning (L2TL), drama-based teaching and learning (DBTL) and embodied cognition in order to establish how the effective implementation of DBTL may contribute to the efficacy of L2TL practices. There are shortfalls in second language (L2) classrooms and there is a need for a L2 teaching approach, which promotes social interaction in varied sociocultural contexts wherein learners are encouraged to make meaning in order to convey their message. The L2 learning processes created by this approach could overcome the shortfalls of L2TL and offer what is required by Second Language Acquisition (SLA) to acquire a L2. This study proposes that the use of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR) could overcome these shortfalls. However, CEFR can only be effective if the approach that is utilised in its implementation aligns with CEFR’s principles. This study argues that a drama-based teaching approach could adhere to CEFR and address the shortfalls of L2TL. This study explores drama as a facilitation tool and uses elements of process drama to create an approach to DBTL that could create learning experiences which may enhance the efficacy of L2TL and adhere to CEFR. This study argues that for a DBTL approach to be effective in L2TL, it has to foreground embodied cognition. Embodied cognition theories state that in order to create optimal learning opportunities, social, affective learning experiences should be created wherein learners interact with other humans and their environment in order to make and convey meaning. By critically engaging with embodied cognition theories, this study establishes which components of embodied cognition should be considered for DBTL to be effectively implemented in L2 classrooms. Subsequently, this knowledge ensures that the proposed approach to drama-based second language teaching and learning (DBL2TL) could allow for effective implementation. This study argues that a hypothetical DBL2TL programme based on this DBL2TL approach, which is steered by embodied cognition and adheres to CEFR, could overcome the shortfalls of L2TL. Furthermore, the programme could offer insight into how DBTL could effectively be implemented in L2TL, which in turn could enhance the effectual implementation of DBTL in L2 classrooms. Therefore, the hypothetical DBL2TL programme could enhance the efficacy of L2TL. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria 2020. / Drama / MA / Unrestricted

The purpose of incorporating digital educational games in educational settings is to engage the students' desire to learn. The aim of the syllabus for upper secondary school, as expressed by Skolverket (2011) is to support the students for lifelong learning and in order to do so, motivation is needed. However, a problematic gap can be found between “games” and “formal education” which are two different concepts which cross paths in this study. One path shows the foundation of the Swedish steering documents, and the other displays the motivational aspects of implementing digital educational games in educational settings. This qualitative research uses questionnaire surveys with structured questions and semi-structured follow-up interviews via email in order to examine to what degree digital educational games can be implemented in the English 6 classroom. It investigates the effectiveness of digital educational games in regard to English teaching and teachers’ attitudes and beliefs. The results display different approaches teachers could take when incorporating digital educational games in their classroom but also show significant factors such as teachers' experiences in the digital classroom. The research concludes that digital educational games can be used to encourage student motivation and in the teaching practices of upper secondary school teachers in Malmö. This is therefore an important area that should be further researched to ensure that teachers receive sufficient guidance and experience for using digital educational games in the English classroom.

Effective ELL teaching and learning is profoundly influenced by the teachers’ personal experiences and personalities (Farrell, 2016), their experience as language learners as well as language teachers (Farrell, 2007), and their beliefs about learning and teaching a second language (Farrell, 2015; Farrell & Ives, 2015). This study honored and examined in-depth the often-discounted stories/reflective narratives of our teachers. This paper reports a qualitative cases study that explores three veteran teacher’s reflection on their personal and professional experiences with ELLs for self-discovery over years (Cirocki & Farrell, 2017) so that they can further reflect for their future actions with ELLs (Burns & Bulman, 2000; Farrell, 2007; Farrell & Vos, 2018). Data analysis revealed the teachers’ different strengths and needs in working with ELLs. Four major dimensions (language, culture, culturally and linguistically sensitive pedagogy, and collaborative community) were identified as critical to effective teaching of ELLs and preparation of second language teachers.

Learners' motivation has a significant influence on French as a second language teaching and learning (Ryan & Deci, 2020; Flynn, 2018; Zhao, 2015; Gardner, 2001). Recently, there has been an issue of motivation to learn and teach French as a second language and much research on recruitment and retention issues in Canada and abroad (Smith et al. 2022; Masson et al. 2019; Gordon, 2017). Motivation can be impacted by positive and negative feelings related to minority language learning, which are often more about the speaker and the speech community learners belong to, than the language itself (Mahootian, 2020). Researchers have examined students' motivation and success in FSL learning especially in K-12 immersion context, but there has also been an increase in focusing on teachers' perspectives in recent times (Arnott, 2017). The aim of this paper is to examine the motivational orientation in teaching and learning French as a second language in a minority context. This qualitative study used semi-structured interview to investigate a group of adult learners' motivation in learning French as a second language. Specifically, this research examined teachers who studied French and maintained their motivation to continue to teach French as a second language in an Anglo-dominant context. A semi- structured interview allowed for a richly detailed understanding of teachers' account of their experiences and practices. The findings presented demonstrate the positive influence that parents, teachers, and relevant extracurricular experiences have on students' decision to continue their studies in FSL, as well as the transformations of the students' identity formation and investment which are enhanced through learning French as a second language, the bilingual environment which surrounds it, and students' activities. Recommendations are made to help encourage and promote the learning and teaching of FSL, develop the oral skills of learners and the provision of a better linguistic learning environment that fosters academic success.

This study aims to investigate Some English teachers’ beliefs concerning form and function in connection to their teaching. The investigation was carried out through qualitative in-depth interviews and classroom observations focusing on critical incidents. During the study, it became clear that all the participating teachers found that both form and function were important parts in their teaching of English as a second language (L2). Nevertheless it was interesting to notice that they had different ideas about which of the two concepts was the most important one when it comes to language learning. Some of the teachers emphasized the need to put stress on form, arguing that knowledge about form makes it possible for the learner to understand how the language is built, while some believed that too much focus on form might block the communicative competence and thus affect the function.