O aumento da participação dos títulos públicos pré-fixados no total da dívida pública sempre foi um objetivo perseguido pelas autoridades brasileiras. No entanto, isto só foi possível durante os primeiros anos do Plano Real. Muitos trabalhos empíricos foram realizados recentemente com o intuito de testar alguns pressupostos da teoria de leilões, porém, Silva (2002) foi o único trabalho realizado usando o Brasil como exemplo. O presente trabalho utiliza estatísticas mais confiáveis que Silva (2002), além de realizar testes empíricos relacionando o mercado primário de títulos públicos ao mercado secundário. A principal conclusão a que chegamos é que nos leilões de títulos públicos préfixados os pressupostos teóricos não são válidos, podendo ser fruto da pequena liquidez presente no mercado primário. / The increase of the share of fixed-rate bills in the public debt was always a goal to be pursued by the Brazilian authorities; nevertheless, this was only possible during a short period of time in the first years of the Real Plan. Many empirical works were recently elaborated with the intent to test the auction theory hypothesis, but only Silva (2002) used Brazilian data. This present dissertation uses more trustworthy figures than Silva’s work, beyond the realization of empirical tests relating the primary market to the secondary market. The most important contribution is that in the fixed rate Brazilian’s treasury auction, the estimated theoreticians do not function, and this could be due to the primary market’s low liquidity.

O aumento da participação dos títulos públicos pré-fixados no total da dívida pública sempre foi um objetivo perseguido pelas autoridades brasileiras. No entanto, isto só foi possível durante os primeiros anos do Plano Real. Muitos trabalhos empíricos foram realizados recentemente com o intuito de testar alguns pressupostos da teoria de leilões, porém, Silva (2002) foi o único trabalho realizado usando o Brasil como exemplo. O presente trabalho utiliza estatísticas mais confiáveis que Silva (2002), além de realizar testes empíricos relacionando o mercado primário de títulos públicos ao mercado secundário. A principal conclusão a que chegamos é que nos leilões de títulos públicos préfixados os pressupostos teóricos não são válidos, podendo ser fruto da pequena liquidez presente no mercado primário. / The increase of the share of fixed-rate bills in the public debt was always a goal to be pursued by the Brazilian authorities; nevertheless, this was only possible during a short period of time in the first years of the Real Plan. Many empirical works were recently elaborated with the intent to test the auction theory hypothesis, but only Silva (2002) used Brazilian data. This present dissertation uses more trustworthy figures than Silva’s work, beyond the realization of empirical tests relating the primary market to the secondary market. The most important contribution is that in the fixed rate Brazilian’s treasury auction, the estimated theoreticians do not function, and this could be due to the primary market’s low liquidity.

Thesis advisor: Harold Petersen / According to the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), speculative bubbles do not exist and are impossible. We disagree. If prices are the only observable component of an asset’s value, and they themselves are an aggregated consensus of perceived value, then what about the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is testable? Rather than assume that prices always reflect value (i.e. perfect market efficiency), we maintain that markets are efficient to the extent that one can be confident that tomorrow’s prices will not diverge dramatically or arbitrarily from today’s prices, absent significant new information. Speculative bubbles are not materializing every day, every month, or even every year. But they do have the potential and indeed a tendency to occur from time to time. If markets are efficient, what explains all the trading? Rather than assume rational expectations and a homogenous investor class, we assume four investor classes that diverge in their perception of value (i.e. in their expectation of future returns) and thus trade with each other. Using insights from Hyman Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH), we develop a theoretical framework for how a speculative bubble might materialize within a modern capitalist economy with securities markets’ that follow a random walk. Obviously, there is no “bubble” variable. We use Tobin’s Q, the ratio of the price of an asset to its replacement cost, and Shiller’s cyclically adjusted P/E ratio as proxy variables for bubbles. We find statistically significant, negative relationships between both of these proxy variables and our dependent variable, Ten Year Cumulative Returns, thereby providing evidence against the EMH and suggesting the possibility of speculative bubbles. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics Honors Program. / Discipline: Economics.

Submitted by Isac Costa (isac.costa@gmail.com) on 2018-03-29T03:00:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 COSTA, Isac. HFT - Compreender para Regular (2018).pdf: 2204316 bytes, checksum: 34d586d9b8bca337d4f2631f417e7c8d (MD5) / Rejected by Katia Menezes de Souza (katia.menezes@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Isac, Para que possamos aprovar seu trabalho são necessários alguns ajustes conforme norma ABNT/APA. ESTRUTURA: Capa (obrigatório) – No final da página a informação “2018” deverá constar abaixo da frase “São Paulo” e não ao lado como consta atualmente. Ficha catalográfica – Excluir a informação “presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Por meio da bolsa Mário Henrique Simonsen de Ensino e Pesquisa” Folha de aprovação- Não deverá conter a ata e sim um modelo anexo. Outra situação que detectamos é que no espaço de uma página para outra a algumas folhas em branco, favor exclui-las. Após os ajustes excluir o pdf já postado e submete-lo novamente para analise e aprovação. Qualquer dúvida estamos à disposição, Att. on 2018-04-02T20:20:05Z (GMT) / Submitted by Isac Costa (isac.costa@gmail.com) on 2018-04-03T11:41:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 COSTA, Isac. HFT - Compreender para Regular (2018).pdf: 1858992 bytes, checksum: 4c53e5c7b819d28a0f2d41fdf22fdd62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Katia Menezes de Souza (katia.menezes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-03T12:03:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 COSTA, Isac. HFT - Compreender para Regular (2018).pdf: 1858992 bytes, checksum: 4c53e5c7b819d28a0f2d41fdf22fdd62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-03T12:21:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 COSTA, Isac. HFT - Compreender para Regular (2018).pdf: 1858992 bytes, checksum: 4c53e5c7b819d28a0f2d41fdf22fdd62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T12:21:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 COSTA, Isac. HFT - Compreender para Regular (2018).pdf: 1858992 bytes, checksum: 4c53e5c7b819d28a0f2d41fdf22fdd62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 / High frequency trading (HFT) é uma técnica de negociação baseada em algoritmos que pode implementar estratégias variadas, das quais resultam um elevado número intradiário de mensagens enviadas aos sistemas de negociação das bolsas. High frequency traders (HFTs) são protagonistas no mercado secundário em termos de número de ofertas e negócios. Neste texto, procuramos definir os contornos deste já não tão novo fenômeno e os riscos a ele associados. Investigamos os objetivos pretendidos pela regulação, as regras aplicáveis e as dificuldades associadas a cada um delas. Assim, podemos avaliar se, no direito brasileiro, é necessário editar uma nova norma ou atualizar normas existentes e discutir qual poderia ser o seu conteúdo. A formulação de respostas regulatórias toma como ponto de partida os pressupostos teóricos do funcionamento do mercado de capitais, suas funções econômicas e o modo pelo qual o direito pode contribuir para que estas funções sejam desempenhadas adequadamente. Um estudo crítico dos HFTs nos permite examinar os riscos associados à sua atividade e à negociação algorítmica de um modo geral, bem como repensar o funcionamento do mercado, os objetivos da sua regulação e como estes podem ser alcançados. É imprescindível que seja realizado um esforço para a compreensão adequada de novas tecnologias que chegam ao mercado, avaliando seus riscos antes que seja disseminado um discurso de alarde ou medo. Este estudo também procura oferecer uma descrição atualizada do funcionamento do mercado secundário de capitais e como as tecnologias mais recentes influenciaram a dinâmica das negociações. / High frequency trading (HFT) is a kind of algorithmic trading which implements several strategies that result in a high number of intraday messages that are sent to exchanges and other trading venues. High frequency traders (HFTs) are key players in secondary markets given the number of orders and trades they generate. In this text, we explore the boundaries of this phenomenon and the associated risks. We investigate the regulation goals, the mechanisms to achieve such goals and the obstacles ahead. Then we evaluate whether it is necessary to create new rules or update the existing ones in Brazilian law – and what these new rules could be. The formulation of regulatory responses start with the analysis of a theoretical framework for the dynamics of capital markets, its economic functions and how Law can play a key part in this scenario. A critical study of HFTs enables us to assess its risks along with the risks of algorithmic trading in general, and, in addition, it is an invitation to rethinking how the market works, the goals that regulation can pursue and how they can be achieved. Understanding new technologies that emerge in capital markets is paramount before any risk assessment discussions in order to prevent hype and panic. This work also aims to provide an up to date description of the secondary market dynamics and how state-of-art trading technologies reshaped it.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:56:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACF32F.pdf: 148209 bytes, checksum: e32d7f3dcebc75d9b0ccb0db13e7d7c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / This study analyses the bids¿ dispersion in fixed income government securities auctions issued by the National Treasury of Brazil. We try to estimate the bids¿ variance based on factors that may forecast its movement. We hope to help the security issuer by offering more data before the auction. The basic idea is to relate the market uncertainty with the primary auction of government securities. Results indicates the importance of uncertainty on the bidding decisions. It shows also the need for a liquid secondary market to the selling of long-term fixed income securities. / Neste trabalho, buscamos analisar a dispersão das propostas em leilões de títulos públicos prefixados do Tesouro Nacional do Brasil. Tentamos estimar a variância das propostas baseados em fatores que possam prenunciar sua movimentação, como taxa de juros e mercado secundário de títulos. Nossa análise pretende ser uma fonte de informações para o ofertante de títulos, auxiliando-o na condução do leilão. Faremos um estudo sobre a influência da incerteza no mercado sobre a emissão primária de dívida pública. O trabalho evidencia o impacto que a incerteza, representada pela dispersão das propostas dos leilões, tem nas decisões de aquisição de títulos públicos prefixados pelas instituições. Evidencia também a importância da liquidez do mercado secundário para a demanda de papéis prefixados mais longos.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T21:00:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Peter Edward Cortes Marsden Wilson.pdf.jpg: 18180 bytes, checksum: 378f62fa4a444505d0f66bffd5fa1114 (MD5) Peter Edward Cortes Marsden Wilson.pdf.txt: 94511 bytes, checksum: 0e509be89e8a539fe7af330bd2a759ff (MD5) Peter Edward Cortes Marsden Wilson.pdf: 520574 bytes, checksum: 626902cd5204fca2d18806d0bca5ed92 (MD5) license.txt: 4886 bytes, checksum: 46df1399d9b47500d98a7ac731adf80e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-29T00:00:00Z / This paper aims to analyze the decline of interest rate and the credit channel mechanism for propelling the secondary mortgage market in Brazil. The macroeconomic stability coupled with falling interest rates and new regulatory framework adopted in 2004, especially to leverage the sector of construction, served as a kick start for the rapid expansion of credit, with attention to real estate. It has established the initial and essential condition, but not sufficient, for creating a secondary market for mortgages in Brazil. In order to find empirical evidence and to analyze the impact of falling interest rates in the issuance of securities a auto-regression (VAR) model (developed by Lehnert, Passmore Sherlund) was used. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a queda de taxa de juros e o mecanismo de canal de crédito como propulsor do mercado secundário de hipotecas no Brasil. A estabilidade macroeconômica aliada ao movimento de queda da taxa de juros e as novas regras institucionais aprovadas em 2004, especialmente para alavancar o setor de construção civil, serviram como pontapé inicial para a expansão rápida de crédito, com atenção ao imobiliário. Formou-se assim a condição inicial necessária, mas não suficiente, para a criação de um mercado secundário de hipotecas no Brasil. Utiliza-se neste trabalho um modelo VAR desenvolvido por Lehnert, Passmore e Sherlund para estudar os impactos da queda da taxa de juros na emissão de títulos securitizados de crédito imobiliário e aumento do número de transações destes títulos.

Following thesis deals with development of business activities of company ZETOR TRACTORS, a. s. on Australian market. First part of the thesis is focused on theory, basic terms, methods and tools used for planning of development of business activities. Current situation of the company and market environment is analyzed after that. Major goal of the thesis is proposal of recommended option for development of current business activities on Australian market.

I sought to find out whether this was a tension between artistic and commercial in the career of visual artists, and if so, how this tension was managed. In attempting to uncover information which could address the research question I undertook in-depth career history interviews with artists which covered their time at art school through to their current practice. The career history method was deliberately chosen in order to address the research question at a tangent as both the literature, and my own personal experience of the field of contemporary visual art, had suggested that the topic of artistic and commercial was a sensitive one. By framing the interviews around the experiences the artists had through the time period of their training and career, I was able to approach the research questions indirectly from the perspective of the artists. Through analysis of the interview transcripts the framework of Bourdieu's capitals arose as one that would capably explain the activities which the artists were undertaken and I used this as a framing device for the empirical chapters in the thesis. In exploring ideas of cultural, social and economic capitals in relation to how artists describe the activities they undertake during their career it became apparent that the broad structures of cultural capital needed further refinement in their application to the careers of visual artists. In the thesis I chose to elaborate further on the concept of artistic capital which has, until now, been unexplored by scholars. I have developed an understanding of artistic capital as a subcategory of cultural capital with particular application to the field of contemporary visual art – with the potential for wider application beyond the thesis. The three capitals of artistic, social and economic proved a capable structure for understanding whether there was a tension between artistic and commercial and how artists managed this. Through this research I have found that artists come to believe, during their early career and training through art school, that there is a tension between artistic and commercial as this is perpetuated by institutions and art world participants through their exclusion or dismissal of commercial aspects of the visual art field. Through their careers they come to realise that this tension is less prevalent than they thought and that they are able to manage these two aspects of artistic and commercial more effectively. However, artists continue to be faced with instances where this tension is imposed upon them by other art world players who perpetuate the belief that there is an inherent, unresolvable tension between artistic and commercial. These individuals attempt to shield artists from this perceived tension later in their careers when artists are already adept at managing the competing priorities of artistic and commercial without the two creating tension.