Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexada. / INTRODUCCIÓN: La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) es la nutrición primordial del infante. El tipo de parto puede impactar en los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) de la LME. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación entre tipo de parto y CAP de LME de mujeres en edad fértil con hijos menores de 6 meses de edad en un hospital de Perú. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Este estudio transversal analítico estuvo conformado por 126 mujeres con antecedente de parto vaginal (PV) y parto por cesárea (PC) que acudieron a cuatro consultorios externos del hospital. El instrumento consistió en un extracto del cuestionario nacional para datos sociodemográficos y un extracto del Manual CAP relacionado a la LME. RESULTADOS: El 61.9% tuvo PC. No se encontró relación significativa entre tipo de parto con conocimientos (p=0.574), actitudes (p =0.068) y prácticas (p=0.574) de LME. Las madres de 31 a 49 años (58.8%, p=0.032), casadas (63.6%, p=0.028) y universitarias (49.3%, p=0.026) tuvieron mayor nivel de conocimientos sobre LME. Los recién nacidos recibieron en su mayoría LME (71.2%, p=0.047). CONCLUSIÓN: No hubo diferencias de CAP según tipo de parto; esto podría deberse a una buena estrategia de salud en el cuidado postnatal hospitalario. La edad materna, el nivel de instrucción y el estado civil se encuentran relacionados al nivel de conocimiento de LME. Además, la edad del infante se encuentra relacionada a las prácticas exclusivas de lactancia materna. / INTRODUCTION: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the primordial nutrition of the infant. The type of delivery can impact knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of EBF. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between type of delivery and KAP of EBF in fertile women with children under 6 months of age in a hospital in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This analytical cross-sectional study consisted of 126 women with a history of vaginal delivery (VD) and cesarean delivery (CD) who attended to four outpatient offices of the hospital. The instrument consisted of an extract from the National Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) and an extract from the KAP Manual related to EBF. RESULTS: Between the women, 61.9% had CD. No significant relationship was found between type of delivery with knowledge (p = 0.574), attitudes (p = 0.068) and practices (p = 0.574) of EBF. Mothers from 31 to 49 years old (58.8%, p = 0.032), married (63.6%, p = 0.028) and university students (49.3%, p = 0.026) had a higher level of knowledge about EBF. Most of the newborns received EBF (71.2%, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in KAP according to type of delivery; this could be due to a good health strategy in the hospital postnatal care. Maternal age, educational level and marital status are related to the level of knowledge of EBF. In addition, the age of the infant is related to the exclusive practices of breastfeeding. / Tesis

Introducción: Durante los últimos 5 años, se ha registrado un aumento de la tasa de cesáreas a nivel mundial. En el año 2018 la tasa de cesárea en el Perú fue de 34,5%. A pesar de las complicaciones que podría haber en la madre y el recién nacido, es una de las cirugías más comunes en el mundo. Además, es una de las causas de resultados anormales en los tamizajes auditivos neonatales. La agudeza auditiva disminuida puede ser discapacitante, el 7,3% de la población mundial infantil sufre de esto, afectando el desarrollo de los afectados. Es por esto que es importante identificar aquellos niños en riesgo para brindarles diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre haber nacido por parto cesárea y el desarrollo de agudeza auditiva disminuida en niños de Perú de la cohorte menor seguidos desde el 2001-2002 por 15 años según el estudio “Young Lives-Niños del Milenio”. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis secundario de los niños del Perú que se encontraban en la base de datos de “Young Lives - Niños del Milenio”. La exposición fue nacer por parto cesárea y el desenlace fue agudeza auditiva disminuida, medida como incidencia acumulada en 4 rondas del estudio. Se calcularon riesgos relativos (RR) crudos y ajustados con un IC 95%, usando modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) familia Poisson con varianzas robustas por conglomerados. Resultados: Se estudiaron 2,052 niños, de los cuales el 12,2% nacieron por cesárea. Se registró una incidencia acumulada de agudeza auditiva disminuida de 7,7%. Se encontró que aquellos niños nacidos por cesárea podrían tener 34% menor riesgo de desarrollar agudeza auditiva disminuida (IC95% 0,44-0,99). Además, se halló que los niños que pesaron 4,000 gramos o más al nacer podrían tener 96% más riesgo de desarrollar agudeza auditiva disminuida (IC95% 1,24-3,09). No se encontró asociación significativa entre otras variables y nacer por parto cesárea. Conclusión: El nacer por parto cesárea podría ser un factor protector para el desarrollo de problemas auditivos, mientras que el pesar 4,000 gramos o más al nacer, podría ser factor de riesgo. / Introduction: During the last 5 years, there has been an increase in the rate of caesarean sections worldwide. In 2018, the cesarean section rate in Peru was 34,5%. It is one of the most common surgeries in the world, despite the complications for mother and newborn. In addition, it is one of the reasons for abnormal results in neonatal hearing screening. Decreased hearing acuity can be disabling, 7,3% of the world's child population suffers from this, putting at risk the development of those affected. That’s why it is important to identify those children at risk to provide them with early diagnosis and timely treatment. Objectives: Evaluate the association between cesarean section delivery and hearing loss development among Peruvian children followed from 2001-2002 during 15 years in the “Young Lives – Niños del Milenio” cohort. Methods: We made a secondary analysis of Peruvian children in the database of "Young Lives – Niños del Milenio". The exposure was being delivered by cesarean section and the outcome was decreased hearing acuity, measured as cumulative incidence in 4 study rounds. Crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) with a 95% CI were calculated using Poisson family generalized linear models (GLM) with robust variances by clusters. Results: 2,052 children were studied, out of these 12,2% were born by cesarean section. The cumulative incidence of decreased hearing acuity was 7,7%. It was found that those children born by caesarean section could have a 34% lower risk of developing reduced hearing acuity (95% CI 0,44-0,99). In addition, it was found that children who weighed 4,000 grams or more at birth could have a 96% higher risk of developing reduced hearing acuity (95% CI 1,24-3,09). No significant association was found between other variables and birth by cesarean section. Conclusion: Cesarean section delivery could be a protective factor for the development of hearing loss, while weighing 4,000 grams or more at birth could be a risk factor. / Tesis

South African resident companies engaged in the exploration for and production of oil and gas outside of South Africa are subject to double taxation. This thesis evaluates whether South African resident companies engaged in the exploration for and production of oil and gas outside of South Africa receive full relief from double taxation in South Africa. The thesis provides a qualitative examination of the fundamental legal designs used for the allocation of the right to mine oil and gas and the fiscal regimes applied to the taxation of oil and gas mining at the source. The thesis explores the basis for taxation of foreign oil and gas income in South Africa and the remedies for double taxation in terms of the domestic tax legislation. Assuming that a tax treaty exists between South Africa and the host government, qualification for double taxation relief and classification of income in terms of a double taxation agreement (DTA) are evaluated. It is anticipated that a South African resident Oil and Gas company will choose the most favourable method and form of double tax relief when filing its corporate tax return in South Africa based on the commercial impact thereof. To aid in this decision, the thesis contrasts the quantum of the double tax relief under the domestic tax legislation with that available under the DTA. Using an adaptation of the IMF's FARI methodology, a quantitative analysis of the economic impact for a South African resident Oil and Gas company mining in Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana and, Nigeria is examined. The thesis concludes that there are circumstances where South African resident Oil and Gas companies are unable to achieve full double tax relief under the domestic tax legislation and make recommendations (where applicable) for amendments to the domestic tax legislation to achieve a form of full double tax relief as close as possible to the single tax principle.

The subject of the master thesis is a prestressed double girder bridge with four spans. The bridge carries the D1 motorway over the Olše river and a crossing ramp. The structure is modelled in Scia Engineer and then assessed according to the standards for ultimate and serviceability limit states.

The aim of this master’s thesis is the design of railway junction from high-speed rail RS1 Bohumín – Přerov to railway station Hranice na Moravě at a speed 160 of kph. The design has been developed with minimisation of land occupation and the minimisation of engineering structures. The next aim is the design of two pairs of railroad switch on the high-speed rail. Part of the thesis is the design of the railway substructure, railway superstructure and track drainage.

No description available.

Advanced computational methods for the analysis of building structures are used more often in engineering practice. Their use is enforced not only by the demands for aesthetics, functionality and high economy of the construction, but often directly by code provisions and requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to provide for an engineer the robust, but transparent tool, which can be used for an efficient design of structure all over it's design working life. This work deals with the creation of a computational system for time dependent analysis of concrete and composite structures. It is assumed a solid or composite concrete section with possible application of pre-tensioned and/or post-tensioned tendons. Each phase of step-by-step build composite cross-section has a general geometry. The used algorithms give us the possibility of a detailed analysis of the structure in individual construction stages, provide the designer better view on the behavior of structures with respect to concrete aging, shrinkage and creep, relaxation of prestressed tendons and provide an information on the redistribution of internal forces in the structure and in different phases of the cross-section. Stress state of the structure calculated in this way come in useful further in the design and checking of ultimate and serviceability limit states. Results of time dependent analysis are verified by manual calculations and by comparing with the results obtained by simplified methods.

The current trend in the design of steel structures leads, due to the saving of the material, to the frequent use of thin-walled cold formed steel sections. Thin cold-formed steel profiles are often manufactured with web holes. A specific example of thin-walled steel profiles are Sigma beams used in additionally installed built-in floors systems in warehouses. The aim of doctoral thesis is the analysis, assessment and experimental verification of the technical solution of thin-walled steel beams with web openings loaded in bending with respect to lateral torsional buckling. The objective is to develop knowledge about the real properties of steel members of considered structural arrangement in order to specify the methods of analysis and design in industrial practice. The theoretical analysis describes the behavior of the beams by means of solving the differential equations of the equilibrium on deformed element of thin walled member under bending. In case of beams with web holes is used the solution in the form of introduction of substitute cross-section properties, which are defined as the weighted average of the properties of full and weakened section. The numerical analysis is focused on the use of commonly available software in order to predict the bending resistance of beams with web opening with respect to lateral torsional buckling. Since the software used in practice solves only the prismatic beams without option to model the web openings, it is in frame of numerical analysis verified the model of beam with reduced thickness of web constantly over the whole beam length in the zone of perforation. The experimental analysis is firstly focusing on the verification of real bending and torsion stiffness of the beams, based on which are being derived the values of basic cross-sectional properties. Subsequently the experimental verification of real bending resistance with respect to the lateral torsional buckling is being performed.

The subject of this diploma’s thesis is design of the footbridge over Radlická street in Prague. Total length of the footbridge is about 90 m. Three variant designs were made with different systems of static construction. Based on the multi-criteria analysis, the most suitable variant was chosen. The variant A, a continuous truss beam, was chosen for detailed design. It is a truss footbridge with a lower orthotropic deck without a wind bracing. The stability of the upper chord is secured by frame stiffness of verticals and stiffness of the floor beam. Detailed static calculation includes assessment of load-bearing parts of the structure and assessment of welds. The structure is made of steel class S335. Assessment and dimensioning were designed according to valid standards ČSN EN 1990-1993.

No description available.