This thesis examines how perturbing selected adversary capabilities in a design basis threat (DBT) may affect the assessment of a facility's security system performance. We found that using a strictly defined DBT to design and analytically test facility security systems can lead to invalid assessments that security measures are meeting standards. Design Basis Threats are intended to represent the most severe yet realistic attack a facility might face. However, the static nature of the standard DBT makes it unable to test the performance of a facility security system in the case where a specialized adversary may possess different capabilities than defined in the DBT. Our analysis of security system performance for various modeled facilities revealed significant vulnerabilities to certain perturbations of adversary capabilities. These vulnerabilities went undetected when the original strictly defined graded DBT was used in the assessment procedure. By maximizing one adversary capability at the expense of others, a specialized adversary force was able to efficiently defeat each facility. To address this problem, we proposed employing a so-called "point-based" DBT as an alternative to the existing strictly defined DBT. In a point-based DBT, multiple scenarios are assessed that test different sets of adversary capabilities to better uncover and understand any security system vulnerabilities that may exist. We believe the benefit of identifying these site-specific security vulnerabilities will outweigh the additional cost of generating a point-based DBT, especially if the vulnerabilities are identified during the initial design of the security system.

The objective of this article is to offer those responsible for the Peruvian health rectorship reflections on sectoral policy derived from the study of the country’s National Health Accounts (1995-2014). While it is true that the country has increased its spending on health from 4.4 to 5.2% of GDP, 33% of its total funding comes from household «out of pocket expense», which indicates that change is necessary. Problems in the responsiveness of the health system to greater funding and public expenditure, linked to issues of rectorship and service organization, are apparent.Although there has been an increase in numbers of people with insurance, the restrictions on what is covered prevent the great majority of these people accessing health services. The most important change in the public administration of expenditure has been decentralization, while in the private administration it has been the vertical integration of providers and insurers, which has given rise to a new agent: the health investor.The article concludes that the country is still far from being able to finance the aim of universal access to health care. Recommendations to improve the funding, joint administration, and expenditure point, almost simultaneously, towards generating greater public funding and social security within an active policy aimed at improving the global efficiency and institutionality ofthe system, which should work to the advantage of better health results as well to drastically decrease household pocket expense. Therefore, the success of the financial function is closely related to the adequate performance of the functions of rectorship and provision. / El artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer a los responsables de la rectoría en salud las reflexiones de política sectorial que se derivan del estudio de las Cuentas Nacionales de Salud (1995-2014) del país. Si bien el país ha incrementado el gasto en salud del 4,4 al 5,2% del PIB, el «gasto de bolsillo de los hogares» constituye el 33% del total del financiamiento, lo que requiere modificar sucomposición. Se advierten problemas en la capacidad de respuesta del sistema de salud al mayor financiamiento y gasto público, que se vinculan a temas de rectoría y organización de la prestación.Si bien el aseguramiento se ha incrementado, las restricciones en la oferta impiden que las personas afiliadas a algún tipo de seguro puedan, en su gran mayoría, acceder a los servicios de salud. El cambio más importante en la gestión pública del gasto es la descentralización, mientras que en la gestión privada lo es la integración vertical de prestadores y aseguradoras, dando surgimiento a un agente nuevo: el inversionista en salud.Se concluye que el país se encuentra, todavía lejos de poder financiar la meta de universalización del acceso en salud. Las recomendaciones para mejorar el financiamiento, mancomunación y el gasto apuntan, casi simultáneamente, a generar un mayor financiamiento público y de la seguridad social dentro de una activa política de mejora de la eficiencia global e institucional del sistema, la que debe redundar tanto en mejores resultados sanitarios, como en la disminución drástica del gasto de bolsillo. Por tanto, el buen éxito de la función financiera está íntimamente relacionado con el buen desempeño de las funciones de rectoría y prestación.

Neste trabalho estudamos empiricamente o efeito sobre as decisões de consumo e poupança de um choque exógeno (positivo) na capacidade de comprometimento de mutuários com o pagamento de empréstimos. Exploramos uma variação quasi-experimental induzida por uma lei federal que estendeu o direito de efetuar operações com desconto em folha a trabalhadores celetistas e beneficiários de aposentadoria e pensão do setor privado (\"Lei do Crédito Consignado\"). Nossos resultados indicam que os domicílios com aposentados ou pensionistas parecem ter reduzido os gastos com alimentação e aumentado os gastos com serviços de utilidade pública, bens duráveis, insumos produtivos e pequenas reformas. Além disso, indicam um aumento na utilização do sistema financeiro e uma queda na probabilidade de atrasos no pagamento de prestações de bens e serviços. Encontramos também que os efeitos parecem depender da escolaridade dos responsáveis pelo domicílio. A análise circunscrita apenas aos domicílios chefiados por casais, corroboram a análise geral, além de refutar a hipótese de income pooling. Ainda que interessantes, estes resultados devem ser vistos com cautela, já que, no período analisado, ocorreram eventos concomitantes que devem ter afetado as decisões de consumo domiciliares, e portanto, os padrões encontrados podem ser produto destes canais. / We empirically study the effects on consumption and saving decisions of an exogenous positive shock to the borrower\'s ability of commitment to loan payments. We explore a quasiexperimental variation induced by a Brazilian federal law that extended the payroll lending to workers, retirees and private sector pensioners. Our results suggest that households with retirees or pensioners have decreased their spending on food and increased spending on public services, durable goods, production inputs and home improvement. Also, the data shows an increase in the use of the financial system and a decrease in the likelihood of loan payment delays. We also found that the effects depend on the household heads\' education. The analysis restricted to only those households headed by couples confirms previous results, and rejects the income pooling hypothesis. Although interesting, these results should be cautiously appraised given that, during the period under analysis, concurrent events may have affected household consumption decisions.

Este trabalho analisa as condições atuariais para criação do Fundo previdenciário federal (FUNPRESP) e como será o novo sistema previdenciário após o funcionamento desse Fundo que finalmente concluirá, em âmbito federal, as reformas iniciadas em 1998. A partir desse estudo concluímos que o novo sistema previdenciário, sistema misto, pagará benefícios menores para os servidores que ingressarem depois da criação do fundo quando comparados com os atuais servidores. Em razão disso os atuais servidores, analisando apenas os ganhos financeiros, não migrarão para o Fundo federal conforme é esperado pelo Governo. As mulheres receberão nesse novo sistema previdenciário benefícios menores em função do menor tempo de contribuição, expectativa de vida maior e menor taxa de crescimento salarial. Mas os grandes avanços com a criação do fundo serão o equilíbrio atuarial do sistema federal de previdência e o fim das grandes desigualdades entre esse sistema e o regime geral de previdência. A criação do Fundo fará com que os benefícios fiquem atrelados diretamente à contribuição de cada servidor, diferentemente do que ocorria antes quando os benefícios eram proporcionais à remuneração do servidor - até 2003 era equivalente a última remuneração e depois de 2003 é equivalente à média das 80% maiores remunerações. / The present work analyzes the actuarial conditions for the creation of the Brazilian Federal Social Security Fund (FUNPRESP) and how the new Social Security System will work after the effective functioning of the Fund. We could say that in the federal sphere it will finally finish off the reforms initiated in 1998. We conclude that the new Social Security System (called \"mixed system\") will provide lower payments to the beneficiaries who start to contribute after the creation of the Fund. In consequence, the current beneficiaries will not migrate to the new Federal Fund, as the government expects, because some simple analysis will make they conclude that they would incur into financial losses. Along with that, female beneficiaries will receive fewer benefits than men from that new Social Security System, basically for three reasons: a) their shorter time of contribution; b), their higher life expectancy; and c), the lower rate at which their payments actually grow. We also conclude that the real advantages brought by the creation of the Fund are: a) the actuarial equilibrium of the Federal Social Security System, and b) the end of the huge inequalities between that system and the \"general\" Brazilian Social Security System (INSS). The creation of the Fund will link the benefits directly to the contribution of each servant, as opposed to when benefits were proportional to the servant\'s pay (equal to it until 2003, or equivalent to the average of the 80% highest salaries).

v angličtině Coordination of social security system is very important for migrant workers who, during their careers working in more countries around the world. This creates entitlements to the payment of social benefits in countries where they have gainful employment, but are often affected by sufficient insurance periods, which may not, however, be fulfilled in that country. For this reason, countries enter into agreements among themselves in order to facilitate migrant workers access to social security benefits to be entitled. Adjustment between states exists both at the multilateral level and at bilateral level. This laws shows how the coordination of social security system regulated at the multilateral level, especially within the European Union but also at the bilateral level the example of treaties that Czech Republic has concluded with other world countries, also focuses on the introduction of institutions that coordinate social security system fulfill in Czech Republic. At the multilateral level, the most important adjustment is created at the level of the European Union. This is based on the right to free movement, which is one of the fundamental principles on which the European Union is built. Coordination of the social security system in the European Union itself has four basic...

This thesis analyses the rates of solidarity and equivalence in the social security system of the Czech Republic. The main subjects of the thesis are contributions paid to the social security system by its participants and merit benefits such as sickness benefits, unemployment benefits, and pensions belonging to the insured persons from the system. The main aim is to compare the amount of contributions paid into the system of pension insurance, sickness insurance and state employment policies to the merit benefits received by employees and self-employed from the system, as well as evaluate the rate of solidarity and equiva-lence between different groups of participants.

The present thesis aims to evaluate implementation of various methods of asset protection through the example of a real manufacturing company. For this purpose, the thesis summarizes selected theoretical and practical knowledge from the fields of operational management, lean enterprise systems, security systems, financial and investment decision-making.

The work deals with the available options of security devices for basements, design and implementation of its own security system. An FPGA chip from Xilinx called XC3S50A was used as a device control. The device contains two motion sensors and a door passage sensor. There are two ways to report a breach. One way is the sound signaling by means of a siren and the other is the notification to the mobile phone by means of the GSM network.

During recent years, attacks on Internet of Things (IoT) devices have grown significantly. Cyber criminals have been using compromised IoT machines to attack others, which include critical internet infrastructure systems. Latest attacks increase the urgency for the information security research community to develop new strategies and tools to safeguard vulnerable devices at any level. Millions of intelligent things are now part of home-based networks that are usually disregarded by solutions platforms, but not by malicious entities.<br>Therefore, the following document presents a comprehensive framework that aims to secure home-based networks, but also corporate and service provider ones. The proposed solution utilizes first-hand information from different actors from different levels to create a decentralized privacy-aware Cyber Threat Information (CTI) sharing network, capable of automate network responses by relying on the secure properties of the blockchain powered by the Ethereum algorithms.

蘇聯解體後，俄羅斯從計畫經濟走向市場導向經濟體，傳統上保障俄國公民完全就業的情況不在，經濟轉型造成大量失業人口。為防止失業帶來經濟社會的負面效應，政府通過俄羅斯聯邦居民就業法，並建立俄羅斯聯邦國家就業基金，逐步建立起就業安全制度。本文為深入了解俄國失業情況與就業安全制度，將探討俄國主要失業類型與因素，以及就業安全之發展與其對緩和失業的效用。其次，俄國一九九○年代的經濟轉型衰退與千禧年後穩定成長形成強烈對比，這直接影響失業、社會狀態、政府勞動市場政策、就業安全活動資金來源與執行效率。因此，內文對於此兩階段亦進行比較。研究發現，俄羅斯失業率與投資、消費有高度反向關係，也就是說轉型時期投資與消費皆明顯不足，連帶失業率上升。勞動市場政策則以維持與創造工作機會為目標，但實際上，國家就業基金作為就業安全活動的後盾，其資金較為缺乏，且多集中在失業給付，在創造與維持工作機會等就業積極政策方面並未能有良好成果。然2001年起撤銷國家就業基金，就業安全活動改由預算撥款後，資金來源較為穩定，至2008-2009年金融危機時期俄政府尚能投入額外預算以緩和失業。此外，千禧年後，投資與消費穩定增長，失業率下降，勞動市場政策除了延續就業促進的概念外，尚注重地區平衡發展、招募外國勞動力、培養專業幹部等多元議題。故整體而言，成功被勞動安置、參與職業訓練(職業教育)，以及接受失業救助的人數比例皆比轉型初期來得高，此表示俄羅斯經濟恢復成長後失業率下降外，就業安全活動成效也逐漸提高。 / Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia had changed economic system from a planned economy to a market-oriented economy. Russia didn’t guarantee full-employment anymore like the period of Soviet Union. Economic transformation caused the massive unemployed population. In order to prevent unemployment to bring negative economic and social effects, Russian government made the Employment Act of the Russian Federation and built the National Employment Fund of Russian Federation. To understand deeply the Russian unemployment and employment security, this article will explore the types, the main factors of unemployment, development and effects of employment security. Second, it forms the striking contrast between economic decline in the 1990’s and stable growth after 2000. It directly impacts on unemployment, social status, labor market policies, source of funding and execution efficiency. Therefore, this report has two stages for this comparison. The research found that the Russian unemployment rate and the investment, the consumption have the negative relations. That is, investment and consumption during the transformation period were obviously insufficient, which resulted in high unemployment rate. The labor market policy’s goals were to maintain and create job opportunities, but in fact the National Employment Fund which supported employment security activities was the lack of funds, and most of the funds focused on unemployment benefits, therefore activities in creating and maintaining jobs couldn’t get good results. However, the National Employment Fund in 2001 was withdrawn, employment security activities were financed from the budget. The source of fund has become quite stable. In the recent financial crisis, the Russian government even could put into the extra budget to alleviate the unemployment pressure. In addition, after 2000, the unemployment rate has dropped because of steady growth in investment and consumption. Not only did the government continue to the concept of employment promotion, but it paid attention to balanced regional development, the recruitment of foreign labor and training of professional managers. In conclusion, after the economic recovery in Russia, the unemployment problems have gradually improved.