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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Analýza výdajů na sociální zabezpečení / Analysis of expenses on social security

Jakubcová, Alžběta January 2015 (has links)
This diploma thesis analyzes the social security system in the Czech Republic. From 1995 to 2014 are gradually being analyzed spending on these benefits stemming from the state budget. Besides the analysis itself is partial goal to familiarize readers with the structure and construction of the social security system in the Czech Republic. In the thesis there is also made a comparison with selected countries based on at-poverty risk rate. This indicator is compared before and after the payment of social benefits in those states. At the end of the thesis there is created a regression model to predict spending on unemployment benefits untill year 2018.
42

Management zabezpečovacího systému firmy / Security System Management of the Company

Moravec, Lukáš January 2016 (has links)
This master thesis deals with the design of complex security system for company area with using PZTS and CCTV system. The thesis is divided into three separate parts, first part is focused on analysis the company and the current physical security state. Second part of thesis deals with theoretical bases. And the final part covers the concept of the PZTS and CCTV system solution. Here are all the chosen elements which will be used for realization
43

Solución tecnológica para optimizar el proceso de identificación de delincuentes en Lima Metropolitana / technological solution to optimize the process of identifying criminals in metropolitan lima

Alvarez Rivera, Luiggi Andre, Orellana Huaman, Bryan Eduardo 18 January 2021 (has links)
En la actualidad, el incremento de actos delictivos se ha hecho más frecuente en Lima, por lo que es considerado como uno de los mayores problemas que afecta a nuestra sociedad. Esto se ve reflejado en los últimos reportes de seguridad ciudadana donde Lima es considerada una de las ciudades más peligrosas de América Latina. A su vez, las autoridades no cuentan con las herramientas suficientes para combatir a la delincuencia generando que la población se sienta insegura de caminar por las calles y aumentando la cantidad de actos delictivos. Esto incluye la escasez de tecnología que permita optimizar los procesos de identificación o captura de delincuentes, ya que existe un lapso entre que el acto delictivo se realizó y la llegada de las autoridades a la escena. Este tiempo es de suma importancia para poder capturar a un delincuente o poder identificarlo. El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo brindar una solución tecnológica para las autoridades correspondientes que permita optimizar el tiempo de identificación de delincuentes a través del uso del reconocimiento facial. Esta tecnología permite reconocer a delincuentes mediante un análisis de los rasgos faciales del sospechoso y poder realizar una comparación con la base de datos de los delincuentes. La solución tecnológica facultara una alerta en tiempo real con los datos del sospechoso identificado y la ubicación de la cámara que lo idéntico. Esto permitirá que las autoridades puedan realizar mejores estrategias logrando anticiparse al hecho delictivo o capturando al criminal. Los resultados preliminares mostraron que la solución tecnológica permite reducir el tiempo actual de identificación de 5 minutos aproximadamente en un 91.46% y cuenta con una eficacia del 90% basándonos en las pruebas realizadas que son detallas en los capítulos correspondientes / At present, the increase in criminal acts has become more frequent in Lima. For this reason, it is considered one of the biggest problems affecting our society. We can see it in the latest citizen security reports, where Lima is one of the most dangerous cities in Latin America. Another fact is that the authorities do not have enough tools to fight crime, making the population feel unsafe to walk the streets and increasing the number of criminal acts. This problem includes the scarcity of technology that allows optimizing the processes of identification or capture of criminals since there is a period between when the criminal act was carried out and the arrival of the authorities on the scene. This time is of the utmost importance to be able to capture a criminal or to be able to identify him. The objective of this project is to provide a technological solution for the corresponding authorities that allows optimizing the identification time of criminals through the use of facial recognition. This technology makes it possible to recognize criminals through an analysis of the suspect's facial features and to be able to make a comparison with the criminal database. The technological solution will enable an alert in real-time with the data of the identified suspect and the location of the identical camera. This will allow the authorities to carry out better strategies, anticipating the crime, or capturing the criminal. Preliminary results showed that the technological solution reduces the current identification time of 5 minutes approximately by 91.46% and has an efficiency of 90% based on the tests carried out, which are detailed in the corresponding chapters. / Tesis
44

Zabezpečení v nemoci a mateřství očima občanů ČR / Security in sickness and maternity from the point of view of inhabitans of the Czech Republic

Chotěborská, Šárka January 2011 (has links)
Presented diploma theses evaluates the sickness insurance system in the Czech Republic and Europe from the point of view of the Czech Republic citizens. The aim of the work is to analyze the sickness insurance system in the Czech Republic regarding the system changes and also to find out the reform impacts on insured. Simultaneously the aim is to compare the impacts of the Czech insured with the impacts on those migratory workers who draw a claim to the insurance benefit from foreign systems of Europe. The theory of the social capital focused on the social policy and the social security and its legitimacy, theory of the inequality and poverty, the theory of the human capital and the theory of the bureaucracy were the basis of this work. In order to acquire the objective data at first it was made the comparative analysis of the chosen sickness insurance systems in Europe. Other part of this work is focused on the reform of the sickness insurance system in the Czech Republic and it analyses and compares some chosen indicators of the system focusing the years 2008 and 2009. The first half of the empirical part of the work is made on the basis of the qualitative research and it shows the impacts of the reform on the employees, presents their attitudes, their impressions and their opinions on contemporary shape...
45

A Fast and Accurate Iris Localization Technique for Healthcare Security System

Al-Waisy, Alaa S., Qahwaji, Rami S.R., Ipson, Stanley S., Al-Fahdawi, Shumoos January 2015 (has links)
yes / In the health care systems, a high security level is required to protect extremely sensitive patient records. The goal is to provide a secure access to the right records at the right time with high patient privacy. As the most accurate biometric system, the iris recognition can play a significant role in healthcare applications for accurate patient identification. In this paper, the corner stone towards building a fast and robust iris recognition system for healthcare applications is addressed, which is known as iris localization. Iris localization is an essential step for efficient iris recognition systems. The presence of extraneous features such as eyelashes, eyelids, pupil and reflection spots make the correct iris localization challenging. In this paper, an efficient and automatic method is presented for the inner and outer iris boundary localization. The inner pupil boundary is detected after eliminating specular reflections using a combination of thresholding and morphological operations. Then, the outer iris boundary is detected using the modified Circular Hough transform. An efficient preprocessing procedure is proposed to enhance the iris boundary by applying 2D Gaussian filter and Histogram equalization processes. In addition, the pupil’s parameters (e.g. radius and center coordinates) are employed to reduce the search time of the Hough transform by discarding the unnecessary edge points within the iris region. Finally, a robust and fast eyelids detection algorithm is developed which employs an anisotropic diffusion filter with Radon transform to fit the upper and lower eyelids boundaries. The performance of the proposed method is tested on two databases: CASIA Version 1.0 and SDUMLA-HMT iris database. The Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Moreover, a comparative study with other established methods is also carried out.
46

L’Union européenne et le maintien de la paix / The European Union and Peacekeeping

Ducroquetz, Florence 30 November 2010 (has links)
Depuis 2001, l'UE a mené plus d'une vingtaine d'opérations militaires et de missions civiles, et elle est désormais considérée comme une organisation majeure dans le domaine du maintien de la paix.Longtemps perçue comme une organisation intergouvernementale, la mise en place d'une structure européenne de gestion des crises intégrée au coeur de l'organisation, ainsi que la délégation de la gestion courante de la crise aux organes européens, ont participé à l'autonomisation progressive de l'UE par rapport à ses Etats membres. Cette autonomisation de l'organisation se manifeste également dans l'ordre juridique international. Tout un corps de règles s'applique alors à l'UE du fait de son intervention dans l'ordre juridique international, notamment les règles relatives à la responsabilité internationale des organisations régionales. L'intervention effective de l'Union européenne dans le domaine du maintien de la paix – en tant qu'organisation régionale – s'inscrit dans un cadre juridique imprécis. Or, le phénomène de régionalisation a pu être interprété comme portant préjudice au système de sécurité collective instauré par la Charte des Nations unies. Partant,deux aspects de l'intervention effective de l'UE appellent analyse : celui de la conformité de son action au cadre onusien et celui de sa contribution aux évolutions du maintien de la paix / Since 2001, the EU has conducted more than twenty military operations and civilian missions, and is now seen as one of the leading organizations in the field of peacekeeping. For a long time perceived as an intergovernmental organization, the establishment of an integrated structure for crisis management into the heart of the organization, as well as the delegation of this crisis management to the different European organs, have contributed to the gradual empowerment of the EU toward its member states. This process of becoming autonomous is also evident in the international legal order. A large set of rules thus applies to the EU due to its involvement in the international legal order, including rules relating to the international responsibility for regional organizations. The effective intervention of the European Union in the field of peacekeeping – as a regional organization– is in keeping with an unclear legal framework. However, the phenomen on of regionalization could have been interpreted as prejudicing the collective security system established by the UN Charter.Two aspects of the effective intervention of the European Union call for analysis : the conformity of its action to the UN framework and its contribution to the evolution of peacekeeping
47

Les contrats d'assurance sur la vie et le droit patrimonial de la famille / Life insurance contracts in relation to family estate

Béguin, Céline 01 December 2011 (has links)
Prohibée il y a deux siècles, l'assurance sur la vie est devenue le soutien principal de l'économie. Au carrefour de plusieurs domaines juridiques, son examen doit englober la famille du souscripteur et du bénéficiaire. Bien que, le plus souvent, le code des assurances ne tienne pas compte des rapports de famille, les règles relatives aux couples, aux héritiers et créanciers jouent. De même que s’appliquent le droit fiscal et celui des incapacités. De nos jours, l'assurance vie a un rôle clé dans le conseil patrimonial et la planification successorale. Différents types de contrats sur la vie humaine coexistent. De nouveaux contrats, comme les assurances en cas de vie, rentes et contrats en unités de compte, sont des véhicules d’épargne. Cette évolution a complètement renouvelé le marché. Deux catégories se dégagent. D'abord, les contrats de prévoyance sont destinés à fournir une somme au décès de l’assuré, comme les assurances temporaires décès et vie entière. Ensuite, les contrats de placement ont pour objectif principal la constitution d'un capital en payant une ou plusieurs primes ; ils sont l'activité centrale des assureurs. Cette étude vise à identifier l’influence de la variété des contrats sur le droit familial. Les articles L. 132-12 à 17 du code des assurances furent conçus pour les contrats en cas de décès. Il y a une contradiction flagrante dans l’application de ces règles aux nouveaux contrats, qui sont de purs outils d’épargne. Il était nécessaire d'analyser comment le code civil compense l'inadéquation du code des assurances. Des propositions ont été formulées pour adapter le régime juridique de l'assurance sur la vie à la grande diversité des contrats. / Prohibited two centuries ago, life insurance is now the mainstay of the Frencheconomy. At the crossroad of several legal areas, the study of life insuranceshould consider both the policy holder’s and the beneficiary’s families. Despite the fact that the French Insurance Code ignores, more often than not, familyrelationships, the legal rules applied to couples, heirs and creditors areinterfering with insurance law. So too do tax law and legal incapacities.Nowadays, life insurance plays a key-role in assets management and estateplanning. Several types of contracts are in use. New types of contracts, suchas universal life, annuities and unit-linked insurance plan, are savings vehicles.This evolution has completely renewed the life insurance market. Twocategories emerge among Life-based contracts. First, there are protection policies, which are designed to provide a benefit at the insured's death, such as term life and permanent life insurance. Investment policies are the second type. Their main objective is to facilitate the growth of a capital by paying single or flexible premiums ; they are the core activity of insurers. This study aims to assess the impact of this diverse range of contracts on family law. Articles L. 132-12 to 17 of the Insurance code were originally enacted to regulate term and permanent life insurance. It is a contradiction in terms to apply these provisions to the new types of contracts, which are pure savings vehicles. It was necessary to critically analyse how the Civil Code fills in the gaps left by the Insurance Code. Suggestions are made to adjust the legal regime to the wide diversity of life insurance contracts.
48

Јавно-приватно партнерство у области јавне безбедности у развијеним земљама са посебним освртом на Републику Србију / Javno-privatno partnerstvo u oblasti javne bezbednosti u razvijenim zemljama sa posebnim osvrtom na Republiku Srbiju / Public-Private Partnership in the Field of Public Security in Developed Countries with Special Reference to the Republic of Serbia

Radivojević Nenad 11 June 2019 (has links)
<p>Држава данас није више једини пружалац услуга безбедности, те због тога све већу улогу и значај добија приватни сектор безбедности. До ове појаве су, пре свега, довели преоптерећеност националних буџета, као и одређене тешкоће са којима су се суочавали органи унутрашње безбедности, који су били неспремни да адекватно одговоре на неке нове и савремене безбедносне проблеме. То је, између осталог, довело и до тзв. појаве ,,приватизације&ldquo; послова безбедности, којима су се полако сужавали послови полиције, а паралелно са тим ширили послови али и одговорност приватног обезбеђења.</p><p>Дугу традицију модела односа у виду сарадње и партнерства између полиције и приватног обезбеђења налазимо пре свега у Сједињеним Америчким Државама, Канади и Великој Британији, али исто тако и у поједним земљама Европске уније. Потреба за успостављањем ближих веза и подизања сарадње на још виши ниво посебно је интензивирана након катастрофалних последица терористичког напада 11. септембра 2001. године у Сједињеним Америчким Државама. Тероризам, али и остали савремени безбедносни проблеми с краја 20. и почетка 21. века дале су додатни импулс даљем приближавању полиције и агенција за приватно обезбеђење.</p><p>Односи између полиције и приватног обезбеђења су нужно условљени њиховим статусом, улогом и функцијом. Заштита личне и имовинске безбедности грађана представља основ за заједничко деловање, а јавно-приватно партнерство парадигму којом би се капацитети оба сектора искористили на најбољи могући начин. Предуслов за заједничко деловање ће свакако бити правна регулатива и опште усвојени стандарди који ће уважити интересе оба сектора. Наведено ће представљати гарант квалитета услуга које пружају лиценциране агенције за приватно обезбеђење. Различите историјске, друштвене, политичке, економске, безбедносне и правне околности у одређеним државама условиле су различите моделе сарадње и партнерства полиције и приватног обезбеђења.</p><p>Оно што је заједничко свим државам јесте да се под јавно-приватним партнерством подразумева постојање кооперативног споразума између јавних (локалних, регионалних или државних) и приватних актера који се удружују (размена људских и материјалних ресурса) како би остварили заједничке интересе и циљеве, при чему постоји договорен степен равноправности актера и јасна расподела надлежности и одговорности. Схваћен на овај начин, модел партнерства представља и продубљенији вид сарадње између полиције и приватног обезбеђења који покушава да ,,помири&ldquo; стално присутне и спорадичне антагонистичке ставове који међу њима постоје.</p><p>Што се тиче стања односа полиције и приватног обезбеђења у Републици Србији, можемо рећи да упркос реформским променама у систему националне безбедности извршеним након 2000. године, још увек не можемо говорити о постојању партнерских односа. Томе у прилог говоре и даље присутни проблеми који отежавају остваривање јавно-приватног партнерства. Да би се партнерство остварило, приватно обезбеђење ће нужно морати да се интегрише у систем националне безбедности. То нажалост још увек није учињено. Само правно уређена, планска, организована и перманентна сарадња ова два сектора биће у функцији остваривања оптималног стања безбедности у друштву и држави.</p><p>Релативно скоро позитивноправно регулисање приватног обезбеђења требало је, између осталог, да омогући институционализацију и формализацију сарадње са полицијом. Постојећа ,,сарадња&ldquo; је и даље на изразито ниском нивоу и заступљена је највише у областима обезбеђивања јавних скупова и спортских приредби. Доношењем Закона о приватном обезбеђењу 2013. године, Закона о полицији 2016. године као и других системских закона који уређују области деловања полиције и приватно обезбеђења, нису створене претпоставке које би омогућиле даље приближавање два сектора, њихову сарадњу и на крају партнерство.</p><p>Рад је структурисан у шест целина. У оквиру прве три целине осврнули смо се на општетеоријска питања везанa за безбедност, националну безбедност, систем националне безбедности, јавну и приватну безбедност. У четвртом делу смо анализирила искуства појединих развијених земља у погледу модела партнерства, са циљем идентификовања позитивних и негативних аспеката тог односа. У петом делу смо се осврнули на историјски развој приватне безбедности у нашој земљи и њену повезаност са полицијом до данас. Такође, анализирали смо и постојећи позитивно правни оквир организације и деловања полиције и приватног обезбеђења као и јавно-приватно партнерства. Након тога смо, уважавајући искуства развијених земаља, идентификовали области сарадње у којим је могуће остварити партнерске односе полиције и приватног обезбеђења у Републици Србији. Такође, извршили смо класификацију облика сарадње, као и идентификовање проблема који отежавају сарадњу и партнерство.</p><p>Шести и последњи део рада је посвећен спроведеном емпиријском истраживању које је за циљ имало утврђивање актуелног стања у области приватног обезбеђења, у смислу ставова о њиховом односу са полицијом, односно утврђивање области сарадње и партнерства полиције и приватног обезбеђења, као и проблема који отежавају ту сарадњу. У циљу утврђивања личних ставова и мишљења службеника обезбеђења и одређених припадника полиције, примењене су две технике у оквиру метода испитивања &ndash; анкета и интервју. На крају, у закључку смо се посебно осврнули на кључне резулатате спроведеног истраживања.</p> / <p>Država danas nije više jedini pružalac usluga bezbednosti, te zbog toga sve veću ulogu i značaj dobija privatni sektor bezbednosti. Do ove pojave su, pre svega, doveli preopterećenost nacionalnih budžeta, kao i određene teškoće sa kojima su se suočavali organi unutrašnje bezbednosti, koji su bili nespremni da adekvatno odgovore na neke nove i savremene bezbednosne probleme. To je, između ostalog, dovelo i do tzv. pojave ,,privatizacije&ldquo; poslova bezbednosti, kojima su se polako sužavali poslovi policije, a paralelno sa tim širili poslovi ali i odgovornost privatnog obezbeđenja.</p><p>Dugu tradiciju modela odnosa u vidu saradnje i partnerstva između policije i privatnog obezbeđenja nalazimo pre svega u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, Kanadi i Velikoj Britaniji, ali isto tako i u pojednim zemljama Evropske unije. Potreba za uspostavljanjem bližih veza i podizanja saradnje na još viši nivo posebno je intenzivirana nakon katastrofalnih posledica terorističkog napada 11. septembra 2001. godine u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Terorizam, ali i ostali savremeni bezbednosni problemi s kraja 20. i početka 21. veka dale su dodatni impuls daljem približavanju policije i agencija za privatno obezbeđenje.</p><p>Odnosi između policije i privatnog obezbeđenja su nužno uslovljeni njihovim statusom, ulogom i funkcijom. Zaštita lične i imovinske bezbednosti građana predstavlja osnov za zajedničko delovanje, a javno-privatno partnerstvo paradigmu kojom bi se kapaciteti oba sektora iskoristili na najbolji mogući način. Preduslov za zajedničko delovanje će svakako biti pravna regulativa i opšte usvojeni standardi koji će uvažiti interese oba sektora. Navedeno će predstavljati garant kvaliteta usluga koje pružaju licencirane agencije za privatno obezbeđenje. Različite istorijske, društvene, političke, ekonomske, bezbednosne i pravne okolnosti u određenim državama uslovile su različite modele saradnje i partnerstva policije i privatnog obezbeđenja.</p><p>Ono što je zajedničko svim državam jeste da se pod javno-privatnim partnerstvom podrazumeva postojanje kooperativnog sporazuma između javnih (lokalnih, regionalnih ili državnih) i privatnih aktera koji se udružuju (razmena ljudskih i materijalnih resursa) kako bi ostvarili zajedničke interese i ciljeve, pri čemu postoji dogovoren stepen ravnopravnosti aktera i jasna raspodela nadležnosti i odgovornosti. Shvaćen na ovaj način, model partnerstva predstavlja i produbljeniji vid saradnje između policije i privatnog obezbeđenja koji pokušava da ,,pomiri&ldquo; stalno prisutne i sporadične antagonističke stavove koji među njima postoje.</p><p>Što se tiče stanja odnosa policije i privatnog obezbeđenja u Republici Srbiji, možemo reći da uprkos reformskim promenama u sistemu nacionalne bezbednosti izvršenim nakon 2000. godine, još uvek ne možemo govoriti o postojanju partnerskih odnosa. Tome u prilog govore i dalje prisutni problemi koji otežavaju ostvarivanje javno-privatnog partnerstva. Da bi se partnerstvo ostvarilo, privatno obezbeđenje će nužno morati da se integriše u sistem nacionalne bezbednosti. To nažalost još uvek nije učinjeno. Samo pravno uređena, planska, organizovana i permanentna saradnja ova dva sektora biće u funkciji ostvarivanja optimalnog stanja bezbednosti u društvu i državi.</p><p>Relativno skoro pozitivnopravno regulisanje privatnog obezbeđenja trebalo je, između ostalog, da omogući institucionalizaciju i formalizaciju saradnje sa policijom. Postojeća ,,saradnja&ldquo; je i dalje na izrazito niskom nivou i zastupljena je najviše u oblastima obezbeđivanja javnih skupova i sportskih priredbi. Donošenjem Zakona o privatnom obezbeđenju 2013. godine, Zakona o policiji 2016. godine kao i drugih sistemskih zakona koji uređuju oblasti delovanja policije i privatno obezbeđenja, nisu stvorene pretpostavke koje bi omogućile dalje približavanje dva sektora, njihovu saradnju i na kraju partnerstvo.</p><p>Rad je strukturisan u šest celina. U okviru prve tri celine osvrnuli smo se na opšteteorijska pitanja vezana za bezbednost, nacionalnu bezbednost, sistem nacionalne bezbednosti, javnu i privatnu bezbednost. U četvrtom delu smo analizirila iskustva pojedinih razvijenih zemlja u pogledu modela partnerstva, sa ciljem identifikovanja pozitivnih i negativnih aspekata tog odnosa. U petom delu smo se osvrnuli na istorijski razvoj privatne bezbednosti u našoj zemlji i njenu povezanost sa policijom do danas. Takođe, analizirali smo i postojeći pozitivno pravni okvir organizacije i delovanja policije i privatnog obezbeđenja kao i javno-privatno partnerstva. Nakon toga smo, uvažavajući iskustva razvijenih zemalja, identifikovali oblasti saradnje u kojim je moguće ostvariti partnerske odnose policije i privatnog obezbeđenja u Republici Srbiji. Takođe, izvršili smo klasifikaciju oblika saradnje, kao i identifikovanje problema koji otežavaju saradnju i partnerstvo.</p><p>Šesti i poslednji deo rada je posvećen sprovedenom empirijskom istraživanju koje je za cilj imalo utvrđivanje aktuelnog stanja u oblasti privatnog obezbeđenja, u smislu stavova o njihovom odnosu sa policijom, odnosno utvrđivanje oblasti saradnje i partnerstva policije i privatnog obezbeđenja, kao i problema koji otežavaju tu saradnju. U cilju utvrđivanja ličnih stavova i mišljenja službenika obezbeđenja i određenih pripadnika policije, primenjene su dve tehnike u okviru metoda ispitivanja &ndash; anketa i intervju. Na kraju, u zaključku smo se posebno osvrnuli na ključne rezulatate sprovedenog istraživanja.</p> / <p>The state is no longer the only provider of security services, and because of this, the private security sector is gaining an increasing role and importance. This phenomenon, above all, is led by the overload of national budgets, as well as certain difficulties faced by internal security authorities, who were unwilling to adequately respond to some new and contemporary security issues. This, among other things, has led to the so-called occurrence of &quot;privatization&quot; of security operations, which were slowly narrowing down the work of the police, and in parallel, expanded the tasks as well as the responsibilities of the private security sector.<br />A long tradition of modeling relationships in the form of cooperation and partnership between the police and private security sector is found primarily in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, but also in some European Union countries. The need for establishing closer ties and raising the cooperation to an even higher level was particularly intensified following the catastrophic consequences of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States. Terrorism, as well as other contemporary security problems at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, gave further impetus to further relationships between the police and private security agencies.<br />Relations between police and the private security sector are necessarily conditioned by their status, role and function. The protection of personal and property safety of citizens is the basis for joint action, and public-private partnership is a paradigm that would use the capacities of both sectors in the best possible way. The precondition for joint action will certainly be legal regulations and generally adopted standards that will respect the interests of both sectors. The above will be a guarantee of the quality of services provided by licensed private security agencies. The different historical, social, political, economic, security and legal circumstances in certain countries have led to different models of cooperation and partnership between the police and private security sector.<br />What is common to all countries is that, under a public-private partnership, it implies the existence of a cooperative agreement between public (local, regional or state) and private actors joining (exchange of human and material resources) in order to achieve common interests and goals, where there is an agreed level of equality of actors and a clear distribution of competencies and responsibilities. Taken in this way, the model of partnership is a more comprehensive form of cooperation between the police and private security, which seeks to &quot;calm&quot; the constantly present and sporadic antagonistic attitudes that exist among them.<br />Regarding the state of relations between the police and private security in the Republic of Serbia, we can say that despite the reform changes in the national security system after 2000, we cannot yet talk about the existence of partnership relations. The problems that make public-private partnerships difficult are still present. In order to achieve partnership, private security will necessarily have to be integrated into the national security system. Unfortunately, this has not yet been done. Only legally regulated, planned, organized and permanent cooperation between these two sectors will be in the function of achieving an optimal state of security in society and the state.<br />Relatively near-positive regulation of private security should, among other things, enable the institutionalization and formalization of the cooperation with the police. Existing &quot;cooperation&quot; is still at a very low level and is most represented in the areas of securing public events and sports events. With the adoption of the Law on Private Security in 2013, the Law on Police in 2016, as well as other systemic laws regulating the fields of police and private security, no preconditions were established that would allow for further approximation of the two sectors, their cooperation and ultimately partnership.<br />The work is structured into six partitions. Within the first three, we looked at general-level issues related to security, national security, the national security system, public and private security. In the fourth part, we analyzed the experiences of some developed countries regarding the partnership model, with the aim of identifying the positive and negative aspects of this relationship. In the fifth part, we looked at the historical development of private security in our country and its connection with the police to this day. We also analyzed the existing positive legal framework for organization and operation of the police and the private security sector as well as public-private partnerships. After that, taking into account the experiences of the developed countries, we identified the areas of cooperation in which it is possible to achieve partnership relations between the police and the private security sector in the Republic of Serbia. We also performed a classification of forms of cooperation, as well as identification of problems that make cooperation and partnership difficult.<br />The sixth and final part of the paper is dedicated to the conducted empirical research aimed at determining the current situation in the field of private security, in terms of attitudes about their relationship with the police, that is, determining the field of cooperation and partnership</p>
49

A previdência social como instrumento de intervenção do Estado Brasileiro na economia / Brazilian Social security system as an instrument for economic State interventions

Abreu, Dimitri Brandi de 30 May 2016 (has links)
A presente tese trata da Previdência Social como instrumento de intervenção do Estado brasileiro na economia. Voltada ao direito econômico, apresenta à ciência do direito conhecimentos interdisciplinares a respeito das relações de trabalho e produção no Brasil, visando compreender as instituições jurídicas previdenciárias. Discute a economia capitalista, o Estado de Bem-Estar Social, seus diferentes modelos e os efeitos deste sobre a economia: desmercantilização da proteção social, estratificação da sociedade e redistribuição de renda. Critica o arcabouço jurídico do Estado liberal, fundado nos conceitos de direito subjetivo e relação jurídica que, ao reproduzirem a forma mercadoria, conceito da teoria marxista, mostram-se insuficientes para a compreensão dos direitos sociais. Apresenta o quadro normativo atual da Previdência Social Brasileira, bem como sua evolução legislativa e sua história econômica. O orçamento da seguridade social, tal qual desenhado na Constituição, é aspecto central do debate sobre o gasto público previdenciário e serve como instrumento da política econômica, por meio de institutos semelhantes à atual Desvinculação das Receitas da União DRU e manipulação dos índices de correção monetária aplicáveis aos benefícios, que foram utilizados para estabilizar a moeda e reduzir o déficit público. Fixados esses conceitos iniciais, o trabalho passa a discutir os efeitos da previdência brasileira sobre a economia. Aborda-se a solidariedade e a desmercantilização da proteção social, com ênfase nas relações de custeio, em especial a tributação da folha de pagamentos e o Seguro de Acidentes de Trabalho, cuja disciplina legal tornou-se das mais interessantes após a criação do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção FAP, e no pagamento de benefícios, em que se discute o salário-família, o fator previdenciário e a desaposentação. Sobre a estratificação social causada e reforçada pela previdência, trata-se da economia informal, as relações de terceirização e o trabalho doméstico. É identificada a estreita relação entre atividade econômica, as formas de custeio e o direito a benefícios. Por fim, é analisada a eficácia da previdência como instrumento de redistribuição de renda para redução das desigualdades sociais, com apresentação de estudos empíricos, discussão teórica e análise das normas jurídicas, bem como análise específica da previdência rural no Brasil, tendo em vista suas particularidades e as relações de trabalho e produção no campo. / This thesis discusses the pensions in social security system as an instrument for economic State interventions. Focused on economic law, this work introduces to jurisprudence some interdisciplinary knowledge about labor and manufacturing relations in Brazil, aiming to understand the social security legal institutions. It discusses capitalism, the welfare state, its different models and its effects on the economy: de-commodification of social protection, stratification of society and redistribution of incomes. It also criticizes the legal framework of liberal state, founded on the concepts of right and legal relationships, that reproduce the commodity form, concept of Marxist theory, and seems to be insufficient for a complete understanding of social rights. It displays the current framework of Brazilian Social Welfare, as well as its legislative developments and its economic history. The social security budget, as is outlined in the Constitution, is central to discussions on pension public spending and serves as an instrument of economic policy. Set these initial concepts, the work discuss the effects of pensions on Brazilian economy. It deals with the solidarity principle and de-commodification of social protection, with an emphasis on the taxation of payroll and employers\' liability insurance, whose legal discipline has become more interesting, and the payment of benefits to the retired. On social stratification caused and reinforced by social security, it analyzes the informal economy, outsourcing relationships and housework. It identified the close relationships between economic activity, forms of taxation and the right to benefits. Finally, it analyzes the effectiveness of the social security as redistributive tool to reduce social inequalities, with the presentation of empirical studies, theoretical discussion and analysis of legal acts, as well as specific analysis of rural social security in Brazil, given their specificities and labor relations and production in rural capitalism.
50

A decadência das contribuições previdenciárias no âmbito das execuções instauradas pela Justiça do Trabalho

Suaiden, Chede Domingos 17 May 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chede Domingos Suaiden.pdf: 1276772 bytes, checksum: c1502c1a5fb31de532b9080d2a6a0623 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-17 / Many discussions are held about the statute of limitations on the collection of social security contributions when it is executed in the sphere of the Labor Courts. Often, based on the argument that the Social Protection System itself should be safeguarded, the juridical safety is relegated to second place. As this paper will show, said issue creates more unsafety to all citizens to the extent that the end is overestimated to the detriment of the means created with mechanisms of checks and balances to allow previous knowledge of the rules that will govern the social relations. Especially within the context of the Tax Law, the guidelines laid down by the Constituent Power must be carefully followed otherwise we may turn our legal system into a make-believe legal system. The purpose of this study lies in identifying the rules in the Constitution and in the ordinary law that govern the principle of the statute of limitations and further, if such rules change where such contributions are executed in the context of labor claims. To this end, an in-depth analysis is required. We intend to understand the constitutional limitation of the State itself when confronted with the limitations imposed by the Constituent Power. The pertinent legislation will be searched for the proper juridical vehicles able to introduce rules for the statute of limitations on the social security contributions, and any affront to said instructions by the lawmaker, should any unconstitutional law have been created on the pretext of protecting the collection of such contributions to finance the Social Security. At the end, the conclusion will demonstrate how the statute of limitations on social security contributions should be applied even where they are executed by the Labor Courts and indicate if the Brazilian lawmaker is alert to said fact / São grandes os debates em torno da aplicação da decadência tributária sobre as contribuições previdenciárias quando executadas no âmbito da Justiça do Trabalho. Muitas vezes, com base no argumento de resguardar o próprio Sistema de Proteção Social, a segurança jurídica é posta em segundo plano. Como se poderá observar neste trabalho, o referido problema acaba por criar mais insegurança a todos os cidadãos, à medida que os fins são superestimados em detrimento dos meios criados com mecanismos de freios e contrapesos, no sentido de permitir o conhecimento prévio das regras que irão reger as relações sociais. Especialmente no âmbito do Direito Tributário, deve-se maior respeito às diretrizes estabelecidas pelo Poder Constituinte, sob pena de transformarmos nosso ordenamento jurídico em mero sistema jurídico de fachada. Neste estudo, objetiva-se identificar quais são os princípios e as regras constitucionais e infraconstitucionais que regulam o instituto da decadência das contribuições previdenciárias, verificando, ainda, se há alterações das regras quando da execução das referidas contribuições no bojo de ação trabalhista. E, para tanto, será necessária uma análise minuciosa de diversas normas jurídicas. Busca-se compreender as limitações constitucionais do próprio Estado quando confrontado com as limitações impostas pelo Poder Constituinte. Pesquisar-se-á na legislação pertinente quais são os veículos jurídicos que têm a capacidade de introduzir normas relativas à decadência das contribuições previdenciárias, bem como se houve por parte do legislador infraconstitucional a afronta de tais orientações por meio da criação de leis inconstitucionais, a pretexto da proteção da arrecadação destinada ao Custeio da Previdência Social. No final, será apresentada a conclusão do estudo, demonstrando como deve ser realizada a aplicação da decadência das contribuições previdenciárias, mesmo quando executadas pela Justiça do Trabalho, e se o legislador brasileiro está atento a tal fato

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