The primary purpose of the present study was to determine if information regarding potential parental or legal guardian access to mental health information would deleteriously impact male and female adolescent psychiatric patients' willingness to self-report personal problems and symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: Metamemory is integral for strategizing about memory intentions. This study investigated the prospective memory (PM) deficit in Parkinson's disease (PD) from a metamemory viewpoint, with the aim of examining whether metamemory deficits might contribute to PM deficits in PD. METHOD: Sixteen patients with PD and 16 healthy older adult controls completed a time-based PM task (initiating a key press at two specified times during an ongoing task), and an event-based PM task (initiating a key press in response to animal words during an ongoing task). To measure metamemory participants were asked to predict and postdict their memory performance before and after completing the tasks, as well as complete a self-report questionnaire regarding their everyday memory function. RESULTS: The PD group had no impairment, relative to controls, on the event-based task, but had prospective (initiating the key press) and retrospective (recalling the instructions) impairments on the time-based task. The PD group also had metamemory impairments on the time-based task; they were inaccurate at predicting their performance before doing the task but, became accurate when making postdictions. This suggests impaired metamemory knowledge but preserved metamemory monitoring. There were no group differences regarding PD patients' self-reported PM performance on the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: These results reinforce previous findings that PM impairments in PD are dependent on task type. Several accounts of PM failures in time-based tasks are presented, in particular, ways in which mnemonic and metacognitive deficits may contribute to the difficulties observed on the time-based task.

According to Wikstörm’s (2012) Situational Action Theory (SAT), engaging incriminogenic behaviour is influenced by a person’s crime propensity, such as self-control and morality. Moral rules applied to a setting, and their degree ofenforcement, are stated as crucial since individuals are in constant interaction withtheir surroundings. Criminogenic exposure, such as having criminal friends and thetime spent with friends, is according to SAT (ibid.) influential on criminogenicbehaviour. The purpose of this study was, through hypothesis testing, to investigatethe applicability of SAT based on different environmental contexts. Aggressivecriminogenic behaviour was measured through bullying. Offline- andcyberbullying corresponded to aggressive criminogenic behaviour in differentenvironmental contexts. This study found that morality, self-control, andcriminogenic exposure, were significant in relation to offline bullying. Self-controland having criminal friends were significant in relation to cyberbullying. Genderwas used as a confounding variable and showed that girls are more prone tocyberbullying than boys, and that boys were more prone to offline bullying thangirls. Testing SAT applicability by comparing online and offline criminogenicbehaviour is understudied, further research on other online criminogenic behavioursis therefore encouraged, as well as the relationship between gender and anonymityas well as their influence in SAT.

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No description available.

No description available.

An exploratory study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence based on Mayer and Salovey's (1990) trait model of emotional intelligence and cognitive thinking styles based on the theory of mental selfgovernment. Emphasis was placed on the influence of emotional intelligence and thinking styles on choice of study field. Participants were 309 students from a Gauteng university. Students registered with the humanities (n=99), management (n=41), sciences (n=131) and engineering (n=38) faculties were compared on the Schutte Self-Report Inventory for emotional intelligence (Schutte et al., 1998) and on the Thinking Styles Inventory (Sternberg & Wagner, 1992). A relationship was found between complex and creative thinking styles and high emotional intelligence. Results from the stepwise multiple regression analysis procedures indicated that the subscales of thinking styles could be significant predictors of emotional intelligence. Students from different faculties were found to have the same level of emotional intelligence and similar thinking styles. / Psychology / MA (Social Sciences) (Psychology)

Au niveau interpersonnel, la psychopathie implique un manque de considération d’autrui pouvant se manifester par la tromperie, la manipulation et l’exploitation. La présente thèse a investigué la relation entre les caractéristiques psychopathiques d'individus non incarcérés et la tendance à coopérer dans un jeu du dilemme du prisonnier itératif. Un total de 85 hommes ont été recrutés via une annonce qui ciblait des traits de personnalité correspondant à des caractéristiques psychopathiques exprimées de façon non péjorative. Plusieurs méthodes ont été employées pour rejoindre les participants : 46 ont participés en personne après avoir répondu à une invitation affichée dans un journal local ainsi que sur des babillards à proximité d'une université; 39 ont complété l'étude sur Internet après avoir été recrutés via un site web de petites annonces. Chaque participant a répondu à un questionnaire incluant l’Échelle Auto-rapportée de Psychopathie (Levenson, Kiehl, & Fitzpatrick, 1995) et l’Échelle Auto-rapportée des Indicateurs de Psychopathie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence (Seto, Khattar, Lalumière, & Quinsey, 1997). Ils ont également complété une simulation informatique du dilemme du prisonnier itératif comprenant 90 essais. La simulation informatique utilisée pour évaluer les participants en personne ainsi que la version accessible par Internet ont été conçues et programmées spécifiquement pour la présente thèse. La simulation informatique incluait trois stratégies souvent associées au dilemme du prisonnier itératif : donnant-donnant, donnant-donnant-généreux et gagne/reste-perd/change. Les analyses préliminaires ont montré que les participants vus en personne et ceux rejoints par Internet ne différaient pas en termes de variables sociodémographiques, des caractéristiques psychopathiques, de la désirabilité sociale et des réponses au dilemme du prisonnier. Une régression multiple standard a indiqué que les mesures psychopathiques ne pouvaient pas prédire le nombre total de choix coopératifs dans le jeu. Par contre, une corrélation négative a été trouvée entre les caractéristiques interpersonnelles et affectives de la psychopathie et la coopération dans le premier tiers du jeu. De plus, les participants qui présentaient davantage de caractéristiques psychopathiques interpersonnelles et affectives avaient plus souvent réussi à exploiter l'ordinateur en dénonçant alors que la simulation informatique coopérait. Des analyses multi-niveaux ont exploré la contribution de variables au niveau de la décision et au niveau de l'individu dans la prédiction du choix de coopérer ou de dénoncer lors de chaque essai du jeu; les interactions entre ces variables ont aussi été considérées. Les résultats ont montré que les variables au niveau de la décision influençaient généralement plus fortement les chances de coopérer que les variables au niveau de l'individu. Parmi les mesures de la psychopathie, seulement les caractéristiques interpersonnelles et affectives ont montré une association significative avec les chances de coopérer; les interactions avec le premier choix effectué dans le jeu et le premier tiers du jeu étaient significatives. Ainsi, si un participant avait coopéré au premier essai, la présence de caractéristiques psychopathiques interpersonnelles et affectives était associée à une diminution de ses chances de coopérer par la suite. Aussi, durant les 30 premiers essais du jeu, la présence de caractéristiques psychopathiques interpersonnelles et affectives était associée à une diminution des chances de coopérer. La stratégie adoptée par la simulation informatique n'avait pas d'influence sur le lien entre les caractéristiques psychopathiques et la probabilité de coopérer. Toutefois, le fait de jouer contre donnant-donnant était associé à de plus fortes chances de coopérer d'un essai à l'autre pour l'ensemble des participants. Globalement, les résultats suggèrent que les hommes non incarcérés présentant des caractéristiques psychopathiques ne seraient pas nécessairement portés à choisir systématiquement la non-coopération. En fait, les caractéristiques interpersonnelles et affectives de la psychopathie ont semblé se traduire par une tendance à faire bonne impression au départ, tenter rapidement d'exploiter autrui en dénonçant, puis finir par coopérer. Cette tendance comportementale est discutée, ainsi que la pertinence d'utiliser le dilemme du prisonnier itératif et les analyses multi-niveaux pour étudier le comportement interpersonnel des psychopathes. / Interpersonally, psychopathy involves a lack of consideration for others that can translate into deception, manipulation, and exploitation. The current thesis investigated the relationship between the psychopathic characteristics of non incarcerated men and the tendency to cooperate while playing an iterative version of the prisoner's dilemma game. A total of 85 men were recruited through advertisements that targeted personality traits corresponding to psychopathic characteristics formulated in a way that was not pejorative. A variety of methods was used to reach participants; 46 were tested in person after they replied to an invitation that appeared in a local journal as well as on bulletin boards close to a university; 39 participated via the Internet after they were recruited through a classified advertising website. Each participant completed a questionnaire including the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (Levenson, Kiehl, & Fitzpatrick, 1995) and the Childhood and Adolescent Taxon Scale - Self-Report (Seto, Khattar, Lalumière, & Quinsey, 1997). They also played in a computer simulation of the iterative prisoner's dilemma lasting 90 trials. Both the computer simulation used to test participants in person and the Internet version were designed and programmed specifically for the present thesis. The computer simulation included three strategies often associated with the iterative prisoner's dilemma: tit-for-tat, generous-tit-for-tat, and win/stay-lose/shift. Preliminary analyses showed that participants tested in person and via the Internet did not differ in terms of sociodemographic variables, psychopathic characteristics, social desirability, or responses to the prisoner's dilemma. A standard multiple regression indicated that psychopathic measures could not predict the total number of cooperative choices in the prisoner's dilemma game. However, there was a negative correlation between interpersonal and affective characteristics of psychopathy and cooperation in the first third of the prisoner's dilemma game. Furthermore, participants showing more interpersonal and affective psychopathic characteristics tended to exploit the computer more often by defecting while the computer simulation cooperated. Multilevel analyses were used to explore the contribution of decision-level and individual-level variables to predict the choice to cooperate or to defect on each trial of the game; interactions between these variables were also considered. The results showed that variables at the decision level were generally associated with stronger odds of cooperating than individual-level variables. Among psychopathic measures, only the interpersonal and affective characteristics showed a significant association with the odds of cooperating; interactions with the first choice in the game and the first third of the game were significant. That is, if participants cooperated in the first trial, higher interpersonal and affective psychopathic characteristics were associated with decreased odds of cooperating. Also, during the first 30 trials of the game, participants with higher interpersonal and affective psychopathic characteristics were significantly more likely to defect. The type of strategy used by the computer simulation did not have an influence on the relationship between psychopathic characteristics and a participant's probability to cooperate. However, playing against tit-for-tat was associated with increased odds of cooperating from one trial to the next for all participants. Overall, the results suggest that non incarcerated men with psychopathic characteristics might not systematically choose to defect. Instead, the interpersonal and affective psychopathic characteristics appeared as a tendency to cooperate initially, then rapidly attempt to exploit by defecting, and finally cooperate. This behavioral pattern is discussed as well as the relevance of using the iterative prisoner's dilemma game and multilevel analyses to study interpersonal behavior in psychopaths.

ADHERENCE TO PHARMACOTHERAPY OF OSTEOPOROSIS Author: Martina Santariová Supervisor: PharmDr. Magda Vytřísalová, Ph.D. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy INTRODUCTION: Adherence is the extent to which the patient's behavior (using of medication, following recommended regimen) is in accordance with the advice of the health care provider. Adherence to pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis, including compliance and persistence, is still suboptimal. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was assessing of subjectively evaluated adherence with peroral bisphosphonates used to treat osteoporosis within Czech women. METHODS: A cross-sectional multicentre survey. Data collecting was carried out using anonymous questionnaire in five osteocenters in the Czech Republic. The research was performed between November 2012 and March 2013. Adherence was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire OS- MMAS (Osteoporosis-specific Morisky Medication Adherence Scale). RESULTS: A total of 363 postmenopausal women aged 55 years and older with osteoporosis or osteopenia were participated in the study. 133 (36,6 %) women used weekly dosage forms of BIS (alendronate, alendronate and vitamine D in a fixed combination, risedronate) and 230 (63,4 %) women used...

Objetivo: Apresentar o desenvolvimento, a validação e a aplicação do Questionário Qualiaids de Monitoramento da Adesão ao Tratamento Antirretroviral ou Web Adherence Qualiaids Questionnaire (WebAd-Q), um instrumento de autorrelato para monitorar a adesão de pacientes sob tratamento em serviços públicos de HIV no Brasil. Métodos: O WebAd-Q contém três perguntas sobre horário, medicamentos e doses tomadas na última semana. Foi construído a partir de entrevistas e grupos focais com 38 pacientes. Após pilotada, sua versão eletrônica teve a validade testada em estudo para o qual foram convidados 90 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, sob terapia antirretroviral (TARV) há pelo menos três meses. Os pacientes foram orientados a utilizar frascos com monitoramento eletrônico por 60 dias. O questionário foi respondido no sexagésimo dia por duas vezes, com intervalo mínimo de uma hora. A adesão foi também mensurada por contagem de comprimidos e entrevista de autorrelato. A carga viral de cada paciente foi obtida nos registros do serviço. Analisou-se a concordância entre as respostas ao WebAd-Q, a correlação com carga viral e a associação com outras medidas de adesão. Após o estudo de validação, o WebAd-Q foi empregado em uma pesquisa nacional para medir a adesão dos pacientes à TARV nos serviços de HIV/aids do SUS. Foram sorteados 55 serviços de diversas características institucionais de todo o país. Após o convite aos serviços, o WebAd-Q foi instalado em computadores e respondido por pacientes eleitos sistematicamente conforme chegada aos serviços. Resultados: Entre os 90 pacientes convidados, 75 (83,3%) responderam o WebAd-Q. Não foram relatadas dificuldades em responder ao questionário. O tempo médio de resposta foi 5,8 minutos. O conjunto das três questões do WebAd-Q obteve uma concordância de 88%, com Kappa de 0,74 (IC95% 0,56 - 0,92, p < 0,0001). A correlação da escala de não adesão do WebAd-Q e a carga viral foi de 0,42 (p < 0,0001). A questão 2 (medicamentos) teve o melhor desempenho, associando-se com todas as outras medidas, com exceção da contagem de comprimidos para 60 dias. Na aplicação nacional, ao todo 2424 pacientes responderam ao WebAd-Q. Todos conseguiram completar o questionário sem dificuldades. O sistema eletrônico apresentou poucas falhas e o questionário foi bem recebido por pacientes e pelos profissionais dos serviços. Conclusões: O WebAd-Q atendeu a todos os quesitos considerados relevantes para a validação de questionários, foi bem entendido por pacientes, obteve uma boa concordância, apresentou uma correlação moderada com a carga viral e associação com as medidas concorrentes. Portanto, mostrou propriedades satisfatórias para o monitoramento da adesão em serviços de HIV / Objective: To present the development, validation and application of the Web Adherence Qualiaids Questionnaire (WebAd-Q), a tool to monitor self-reported adherence among patients receiving care in Brazilian public HIV healthcare facilities. Methods: The WebAd-Q contains three questions regarding dosing time, drugs and doses taken on the last week. It was developed through interviews and focus groups with 38 patients. After piloted, the electronic version was submitted to statistical validity with 90 adult patients receiving antiretroviral therapy for at least three months. Patients were instructed to use event monitoring bottles for 60 days. The WebAd-Q was completed at the 60th day. Adherence was also measured by pill counting and self-report interview. Viral load was obtained from patient records. Concordance was analyzed, as well as correlations with viral load and associations between adherence measures and the WebAd-Q. After the validation study, the WebAd-Q was submitted to a national survey to measure adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV facilities from the Brazilian health system. Fifty-five sites were selected among different institutional characteristics. At these sites, the WebAd-Q was installed in computers and completed by patients chosen systematically as they arrived at the facilities. Results: Among 90 patients invited to participate in the study, 75 (83.3%) completed the WebAd-Q. No difficulties to answer the questionnaire were reported. Mean answer time for the WebAd-Q was 5.8 minutes. The three questions presented a concordance of 88% and Kappa of 0.74 (IC95% 0.56 - 0.92, p < 0.0001). The correlation obtained with viral load was 0.42 (p < 0.0001). The question regarding drugs taken had a better performance, with significant associations with all other adherence measures, except for pill counting for 60 days. At the application study, 2424 patients completed the questionnaire without difficulties. The electronic system presented few glitches and the questionnaire was welcomed by patients and healthcare professionals. Conclusions: The WebAd-Q complied with all aspects considered relevant for the validation of self-reported questionnaires. It was well understood by patients and presented a good concordance, moderate correlation with viral load and association when compared to concurrent adherence measures. Therefore, the questionnaire adequate proprieties to monitor adherence in HIV healthcare facilities