Problem statement: As a result of the aging population, the number of people living with chronic disease has increased to almost 50% (CDC, 2004). Two of the main goals in treating patients with chronic diseases are to provide seamless care from setting to setting and prevent disability in the older adult. Many have proposed the use of electronic personal health record systems (PHRs) in the self-management process, but adoption remains low. The purpose of this research was to validate and test an explanatory model of the barriers and facilitators to older adults' adoption of personal health records for self-managing chronic illnesses. The long range goal of the research is to use the explanatory model to develop interventions that will maximize the facilitators and minimize the barriers to adoption. Methods: A preliminary attempt to capture the essential barriers and facilitators that predict adoption of PHRs among older adults with chronic illness was synthesized from the literature. In Phase One of the study, the model was integrated from existing literature and validated using a Delphi method. In Phase Two of the study, the model was pilot tested and refined for future investigations. Findings: The results of this study validated the Personal Health Records Adoption Model (PHRAM) and a preliminary instrument that measured barriers and facilitators to the adoption of PHRs in older adults who are self managing chronic illness. Additional findings indicate that while seniors are seeking options to manage their health and have expressed an interest in using Internet-based PHRs, they may require assistance to gain access to PHRs. Implications: The potential for PHRs to increase patient autonomy and reduce for disability and the resulting negative health consequences needs further investigation as we move into the next era of healthcare delivery. The results of this study provided the foundation for continued theoretically-based research in this area.

Class of 2017 Abstract / Objectives: Specific Aim 1: Pharmacist will use pharmacological pain self-management strategies over non- pharmacological strategies. Specific Aim 2: Pharmacist pain self-management strategies will differ based on whether or not the pharmacist has chronic pain. Specific Aim 3: Pharmacist pain self-management strategies will differ across age. Specific Aim 4: Pharmacist pain self-management strategies will differ across gender. Methods: A survey was sent to all pharmacists with an email address registered with the State Board of Pharmacy in a single Southwestern state. The survey asked about characteristics of pain, strategies for managing pain, outcomes, and demographics. The primary outcome was severity of pain after treatment. Results: Responses were received from 417 pharmacists; 219 reported acute, 206 reported chronic pain, and 55 reported no pain. The chronic pain group was more likely to have a disability with poor/fair health status (P<0.006) and to report higher levels of pain before treatment (6.9 versus 5.8). Both groups reported similar relief from all strategies (76% versus 78% ; P equals 0.397), but the chronic pain group reported higher levels of pain after treatment (3.2 versus 2.0), less confidence in pain management, and less satisfaction (P less than 0.004). Conclusions: Age and gender did not affect the use of specific pain management strategies or the amount of pain relief received from all strategies used by participants with either acute or chronic pain. However, participants with chronic pain had higher levels of pain before and after treatment.

Male stereotyping together with perception of women as inferior is hindering recognition of women in senior managerial positions. Through pervious studies regarding female leadership, conducted all over the world, the theme of women being treated differently than males is fundamentally central to all the conclusions. Not many studies relating to this topic have been conducted in South Africa and yet we are in the forefront when it comes to identifying the need to develop women into positions where they can add value on various levels. Some of the issues have even been captured in legislation. However, despite government’s intervention, it is crucial that women take ownership of their own destiny. Unless women can prove that they can add value in the positions that they are appointed, they will not be seen as leaders. To be a successful leader an individual must have certain skills and traits. Some of these can be developed over time, however the individual must first admit that there is a need and identify the area in which personal growth must take place, before a plan can be implemented. Once this point has been reached, a self-management plan can be developed by the individual to align his / her objectives. There are various components to the self-management plan and such a plan cannot always be duplicated, but the focus areas can overlap. If an individual can identify a mentor and enter into a mentoring program, it can give such an individual a huge advantage. Internal and external factors play a role in the development and implementation of a self-management plan. The problem is that one does not always have much control over these elements. Some of these elements include the corporate culture of the organisation in which females functions and the manner in which a female is able to balance work-life. This study determined that males and females agree that female managers add as much value as male managers. Further to the above, it has become evident that A Botha 344-123-44 iv males have different perceptions relating to the issues of how women are experiencing the work environment and the implementation of policies that relate to employment equity. The impact of perception must not be excluded since it can have the effect that people distinguish between leadership skills and traits on different levels. Unless female leaders can make male leaders realise that they experience the work environment and the implementation of policies that relate to employment equity differently than the manner in which males perceive it, they will not be able to get males to change the situation, since males believe that there are nothing wrong with the current situation. This brings one back to the change in culture and the issue that as a result of male dominance in the work place, it is also the males that determine the current culture. It is therefore important for females to take responsibility of the situation and where necessary change the perceptions of males to ensure that as women they are not hindered from receiving the recognition that they deserve.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the leading causes of death and disability globally, accounting for a combined 15 million deaths. Disability following a stroke is complex and multidimensional. Disability and functioning post stroke can be conceptualized within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The involvement of the individual in their rehabilitation and recovery is essential. Therefore, it is a necessity for individuals, particularly in a low resource setting to engage in selfmanagement activities. Bandura’s social cognitive theory based on self-efficacy, forms the basis of self-management programmes. Self-management relates to one’s ability to manage one’s consequences post stroke, and self-efficacy has been proven to be pivotal in the management and improvement of long-term conditions. The aim of the study was to explore the self-management strategies employed by stroke survivors in the Western Cape, South Africa through an exploratory, qualitative design. Prior to the commencement of the data collection phase, ethical clearance was sought from the University of the Western Cape Research Ethics Committee. Participants were recruited from an urban and rural area in the Western Cape. An interview guide was developed based on previous literature. Interview questions were related to 1) what self-management strategies were adopted to address activity limitations and participation restrictions and 2) strategies used to address environmental challenges.

Conflict resolution education tends to emphasize the analysis of conflict dynamics, and skills for communication and problem-solving. The role of emotions, and practical strategies for one’s own emotional self-management have received less attention. Emotional dysregulation in conflict may interfere with the use of learned conflict resolution skills, thus reducing transfer of learning. The study explored the possible influence of mindfulness practice on emotional self-management, and subsequent transfer of learning in interpersonal conflict. This modified qualitative case study involved 15 adult undergraduate students in the researcher’s class on “Managing Conflict.” Mindfulness practice was included in every class, and subjects kept a journal on their frequency of out-of-class practice. Subjects were interviewed before the start of the class on their ways of handling conflict, and were asked to describe a recent conflict they had been involved in. A post-class interview asked the same questions, as well as exploring subjects’ experience of mindfulness. Findings revealed that for this group of subjects, frequency of mindfulness practice had little influence on emotional self-management or transfer of learning. However, subjects’ stance toward mindfulness, a qualitative descriptor, appeared to positively influence both emotional self-management and transfer of learning. Stance toward mindfulness was described as focusing on either self-soothing or self-awareness. Subjects reporting a self-awareness stance were more likely to report managing their emotions in conflict, regardless of whether their dominant emotion in a conflict was anger or fear. They were also more likely to report transfer of learning (specifically, the ability to identify causes of conflict and the other party’s needs, to use receptive communication skills, and to incorporate mindful awareness in the negotiation process). Self-awareness appeared to be a foundational capacity that supported emotional self-management and transfer of learning for this group of subjects. Possible implications for the field of conflict resolution, and directions for future research, are discussed.

Abstract Introduction: Diabetes type 1 is a chronic autoimmune disease requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting children and adolescents and the disease is often accompanied by severe complications. Treatment of type 1 diabetes is greatly facilitated by self-motivation to achieve good self-care and thereby reduce the risk of complications. It is important with good treatment and support to reach young people with type 1 diabetes for them to accept their illness and learn to live with it. Purpose: The purpose of this literature study is to describe the support young people with type 1 diabetes may need to live with their disease. Method: Literature review made up of current scientific journal articles and scientific reports published the last 10 years. The articles were searched on the databases PubMed and Cinahl. Results:  Sixteen articles were found. In the analysis of the articles, 5 themes emerged: support from parents and family, support from healthcare, support from friends and support from others with diabetes. The result of the literature study shows that young people need positive support and feedback to manage their illness and self-care. Conclusions: The teenagers with type 1 diabetes need support to manage their illness. This is achieved through a good communication from health care, parents, family, friends and groups, and this in turn leads to a personal development which increases knowledge and gives them experience to take responsibility in their own care.

O presente estudo tem por objeto a organização do trabalhador do setor habitacional da Construção Civil em cooperativas de trabalho. Partimos dos pressupostos do cooperativismo - constituição democrática, autogestão, vantagens fiscais em relação a outros tipos de empresa e predileção do Estado prevista em lei -, para compreender quais características do modo de produção capitalista do setor interferem na formação, organização do trabalho e inserção no mercado das cooperativas de trabalhadores. Para tanto, buscamos compreender as razões da formação e da manutenção de uma base manufatureira de produção no setor - pautada na divisão intelectual e na precarização do trabalho e suas possíveis influências e distorções na organização do trabalho no sentido original de uma cooperativa. Também analisamos a atual organização do mercado de trabalho - marcada pela sub-contratação, terceirização de serviços e conseqüente suspensão de direitos trabalhistas adquiridos - buscando entender como o capital tem se utilizado das cooperativas e de seus princípios organizacionais. Por fim, levantamos possibilidades emancipadoras do trabalhador cooperativado na Construção Civil, bem como o papel que caberia ao arquiteto nesse processo. / The object of this study is the organization of the labour force of the house building sector in cooperatives. We started with the principles of cooperative work democratic constitution, self management, lower taxes than in other enterprises, and State support established by law -, to understand which characteristics of the capitalist mode of production interfere with the formation and the organization of labour and the insertion of the cooperatives in the market. To this effect, we sought to understand the reasons of the formation and upkeep of a production basis in manufacture of this sector based on the intectual division and precarious nature of labour and their eventual influences and distortions in labour organization in the original sense of a cooperative. We also analised the current organization of the labour market wrought by sub-contracting, outsourcing and consequent suspension of labour rights trying to understand how capital uses the cooperatives and its principles. Finally, we surveyed the emancipatory possibilities of cooperative work in the building industry, as well as the role Architects in this process.

Neste trabalho, a contabilidade reveste-se de historicidade e insere-se no contexto da Economia Solidária (ES) como um fundamental instrumento de democracia e cidadania. Tendo como foco de estudo a relação entre Contabilidade e Autogestão (modelo de gestão da ES), o objetivo foi compreender e analisar a dimensão contábil nos processos de autogestão dos empreendimentos solidários, levantando desafios e demandas contábeis suscitadas nesse processo. Para tanto, foram criadas seis variáveis de análise que representaram aspectos da dimensão contábil, as quais são: 1) Forma de comunicação; 2) Conteúdo da informação; 3) Utilidade da informação; 4) Apropriação da informação; 5) Relação contador-usuário; 6) Legislação contábil. Os resultados obtidos, por meio do estudo de caso realizado em um empreendimento de ES, estão alinhados com estudos anteriores sobre o tema. As conclusões mais relevantes apontaram para confirmação das demandas e acrescentaram novas, dentre as quais destacam-se: a mudança da linguagem dos relatórios; criação de novos instrumentos contábeis apropriados à ES; novo perfil do profissional da área contábil; uma didática de formação em contabilidade adequada à realidade social dos trabalhadores; uma nova formação do contador baseada na realidade brasileira e preocupada com as questões sociais; e uma nova legislação contábil.Por outro lado, esta pesquisa indicou caminhos ou elementos à superação do hiato existente entre a realidade e necessidades destes usuários e as tradicionais posturas profissionais e instrumentos contábeis disponíveis à autogestão. Portanto, este trabalho contribui para a ampliação do campo de conhecimento sobre a relação contabilidade e autogestão, bem como para a reafirmação da contabilidade enquanto instrumento indispensável ao desenvolvimento econômico dos empreendimentos da ES e ao desenvolvimento de relações mais democráticas e solidárias. Entretanto, há necessidade de novas pesquisas para o aprofundamento das questões aqui levantadas e para desvelamento de outras faces do fenômeno. / In this work, accounting takes on historicity and places itself in the context of Solidary Economy (SE) as a basic instrument of democracy and citizenship. Focusing on the relationship between Accounting and Self management (the model of management of SE’s), the objective of the study was to understand and to analyze the reach of accounting in the processes of self management of the solidary enterprises, raising challenges and possible accounting demands within this process. For this purpose, six variables of analysis were created and they represent aspects of the accounting dimension. They are: 1) Form of communication; 2) Content of the information; 3) Usefulness of the information; 4) Appropriateness of the information; 5) Accountant-user relationship; 6) Accounting legislation. The results reached by means of a case study carried out in an SE enterprise, line up with previous studies on the subject. The most relevant conclusions point to a substantiation of the demands and add some new ones, among which we can highlight: the change in the type of language used in the reports; the creation of new and appropriate accounting tools to be used with SE’s; new profile of the professional of the accounting area; a didactics of education in accounting adequate to the social reality of the workers; new education for the accountant professional based on the Brazilian reality and concerned with the social matters, and new accounting legislation. On the other hand, this research showed ways or elements to overcome the existing gap between the reality and the necessities of these users and the traditional professional positions and accounting instruments available to selfmanagement. Therefore, this work contributes to the broadening of the field of knowledge on the relationship between accounting and self management, as well as to the reaffirmation of accounting as an instrument essential to the economic development of SE enterprises, and to the development of more democratic and solidary relationships. However, more research needs to be carried out for the deepening of the answers to questions raised here and for the unveiling of other aspects of the phenomenon.

Este estudo foi realizado junto a um grupo de nove famílias de um assentamento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), em Rondônia. Estas famílias organizam o trabalho e a vida de forma coletiva há mais de dez anos, em torno do Grupo Coletivo 14 de Agosto. Teve como objetivo compreender as vicissitudes do processo organizativo cotidiano desta experiência e os sentidos de trabalho e de vida que vem sendo construídos a partir dela. De inspiração etnográfica, essa pesquisa tomou o cotidiano como horizonte de visibilidade que permitiu entender o processo de coletivização. O cotidiano é entendido enquanto o espaço onde se dá a vida e a ação social (SATO & SOUZA, 2001; SPINK, 2008). Composto basicamente por militantes do MST e do Movimento dos Pequenos Agricultores (MPA), já nos primeiros anos de acampamento estas famílias começaram a desenvolver práticas de cooperação agrícola e reciprocidade. Depois de significativos experimentos, o grupo resolveu coletivizar definitivamente a terra e trabalhar em sistema de autogestão em todos os setores de produção agrícola. Para dar concretude a essa proposta, sentiram necessidade de coletivizar também parte do trabalho doméstico, passando a ter uma cozinha coletiva. Orientados por uma matriz camponesa e agroecológica, terras, trabalho e cozinha (enquanto espaço de sociabilidade e de trabalho) compõem o tripé que sustenta diariamente a existência do Grupo Coletivo 14 de Agosto. Terras para trabalhar, trabalho livre e associado e a reorganização da vida em torno de uma sociabilidade construída a partir de uma vivência coletiva anticapitalista. Trata-se, nesse sentido, de uma experiência contra-hegemônica que disputa os sentidos da vida e do trabalho na sociedade capitalista por meio de um projeto político profundamente enraizado no cotidiano / This study was carried out among a group of nine families of a settlement of the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST ), in Rondônia. These families organize work and life collectively for over ten years around the \"Group Collective August 14\". Aimed at understanding the vicissitudes of everyday organizational process this experience and ways of work and life has been built from it. Inspired in ethnography, this research took everyday life as a horizon of visibility that allowed to understand the process of collectivization. Everyday life is understood as the space where life and social action happens ( SATO & SOUZA , 2001; SPINK , 2008) . Composed primarily by MST militants and the Small Farmers Movement (MPA), since early in camp these families have begun to develop practical agricultural cooperation and reciprocity. After significant experimentations, the group decided definitely collectivize the land and work on self-management in all sectors of work. To give concreteness to this proposal, also felt the need to collectivize domestic work, going to have a collective kitchen. Guided by a matrix and agroecological peasant, land, work and kitchen (as a space of sociability and work) make up the tripod that supports the daily existence of the \"Group Collective August 14\". Lands to work, free and associated labor and the reorganization of life around a sociability constructed from an anti-capitalist collective experience. It is, accordingly, an experience counter-hegemonic that fights the way of life and work in capitalist society through a political project deeply rooted in the everyday life

Background: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease which means that the uterine mucosa grows outside the uterine cavity. The disease causes women' pain and affects the quality of life and it takes an average of five to seven years to get the diagnosis established. Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate women's exeperiences of living with endometriosis. Method: This is a literature study where method to contribute to evidence-based nursing based on analysis of qualitative research was used. Results: Findings in the study showed that women with endometriosis experienced limitations in their daily life. Pain was the most described symptom and women experienced lack of knowledge of themselves and by their surroundings. They risked being misstrusted because of normalization of the symptoms. The women developed strategies to take back control over their lives which helped them to master the disease. Conclusion: In order to provide advice and support, the nurse needs increased knowledge about endometriosis and how it affects the women's lives. It would also reduce the time of delayed diagnosis. / Kvinnor som lever med endometrios kan komma att behöva strukturera om sina liv då deras vardag begränsas. Somliga kvinnorna får inte gehör av den sociala omkretsen och hälso- och sjukvården för de symtom de upplever. För att återfå kontroll över livet utvecklar kvinnorna strategier i hopp om att bemästra sjukdomen. Denna litteraturstudie belyser kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med endometrios. Var tionde kvinna i fertil ålder drabbas av endometrios och sjukdomen är förknippad med sänkt livskvalitet där både kroppslig och psykisk belastning förekommer. I resultatet framkommer att det råder kunskapsluckor om endometrios hos både kvinnan och hälso- och sjukvården. Kvinnorna riskerar att inte bli trodda på då sjukdomen för andra inte är visuellt synlig. De symtomen kvinnan upplever och uttrycker sig om normaliseras i somliga fall av henne själv och hennes omgivning, då symtomen främst syftar till smärta i samband med menstruation. Kunskapsluckor i relation med normalisering av symtomen kan vara en orsak till försening av diagnos och kvinnan utsätts för ett långt vårdförlopp och försämrad livskvalitet. Förmågan att arbeta påverkas och kvinnan kan komma att vara i behov av vila och återhämtning. Ökad frånvaro leder till att kvinnan oroas över att förlora arbetet, då arbetsgivare och kollegor inte alltid tror på de symtom de beskriver. Även samlivet påverkas. På grund av försämrad sexuell funktion och smärtupplevelser vid samlag undviker kvinnor relationer. Kvinnorna oroas över sin fertilitet och risken för infertilitet i framtiden och de kan komma att bli lämnade av sin partner på grund av diagnosen endometrios eller infertilitet. Endometrios kan få kvinnan att känna sig mindre kvinnlig.  Med hjälp av utvecklade strategier återfås kontroll över vardagen. Strategierna ses som styrkande och kvinnan blir mer lyhörd på sin kropp med ökar sitt ansvar för den egna hälsan. Att bemästra sjukdomen hjälper kvinnorna att se på sina kroppar utifrån positiva vinklar och upplevelserna kunde de dela med sig av till andra.