Bakgrund Hotellbranschen står inför utmaningar vad gäller att möta gästens ständigt förändrade förväntningar. För att ligga i framkant i gästerbjudandet satsas mer än någonsin på investeringar i teknologi där implementering av SST är en strategi för att överleva. Detta förändrar gästens roll i servicemötet vilket skapar en osäkerhet angående adoption av SST. Syfte Studiens syfte är att från ett kundperspektiv skapa en djupare förståelse för adoption av självserviceteknologi (SST) genom att identifiera och förstå faktorer som triggar en hotellgästs inställning och användande av SST vid incheckning. Genomförande Med avstamp i en litteraturgenomgång genomfördes en förstudie i form av ostrukturerade intervjuer med hotellgäster i syfte att identifiera triggers. Utifrån förstudien och litteraturgenomgången skapades sedan en enkät som analyserades kvantitativt i programmet SPSS för att med stöd av kvalitativa delar från förstudien besvara studiens forskningsfrågor. Slutsats Hotellgästen har generellt en god inställning till SST vid incheckning vilket förklaras mycket av SSTs förmåga att minska kö och väntan. Gästens behov av mänsklig interaktion har dock visat sig hämma adoptionen. SST vid incheckning anses vara en naturlig utveckling men behovet av interaktion tyder på att gästen inte är riktigt redo för hur teknologins framfart förändrar roller och manus i servicemötet. Istället kan interaktion ske utanför incheckningsmomentet, så länge personal finns tillgänglig på gästens villkor finns goda förutsättningar att öka gästens inställning och därmed användande av SST. / Background The hotel business is facing great challenges meeting the guest’s constantly pivoted expectations. In order to maintain the guest offering attractive, hotels are investing more than ever in technology with SST as a strategy of survival. This changes the customers’ role which makes the customer adoption doubtful. Purpose  The purpose of this study is to create a deeper knowledge for adoption of SST from a customer perspective. This by identify and understand triggers of a hotel guest’s attitude and intention to use SST at the check in. Completion  With support from a literature review, a pre-study in form of unstructured interviews with hotel guests took place in order to identify triggers. With the pre-study and literature review in mind a survey was carried out and later analysed using the software SPSS. The quantitative analysis was supported by qualitative results from the pre-study in order to fulfil the purpose. Conclusion  The hotel guest has in general a good attitude to SST at the check in which is shown to by a large extent be explained by the ability to reduce queue and waiting time. Thus is the guest’s need for interaction a hinder for adoption. SST at the check in is more or less seen as a natural service progress, but the need for interaction implies that the guest is not quite ready for how technology is changing role and script. Instead interaction can take place separated from the check in - as long as personnel is available for interaction on the guest’s own terms there are good chances to increase their attitude and thereby usage of SST.

As virtual channels on the internet grow full-blown, two major chain department store corporations in Taiwan entered internet markets one after another in 2007. Since the department store is a typical service industry highly based on interactions, the salesclerk has been a major mediator for serving customers and therefore face-to-face interaction between consumers and salesclerks is especially important. With the coming of brand-new self-service system combined with technology, consumers are able to take advantage of the technology to serve themselves. The relationship between corporations and consumers is hence transformed with a delivery system of ¡§low contact but high technology.¡¨ Researchers of previous studies mainly focus on interpersonal-based service encounter for investigation of relationship marketing and customer loyalty and researches about technology-based self-service and interaction with consumers are rarely seen. This research takes department store customers as subjects of investigation and adopts their viewpoints from questionnaire, aiming to probe into the influence of the department store¡¦s introduction of self-service technology on the effect of relationship marketing for better understanding of the relationship between the effect and customers loyalty. The study will take questionnaire survey of internet, and put the questionnaire on the Telecommunication Laboratories (TL) website to gather data via the customer¡¦s e-mail in cooperation with the Web-based Newspaper for the credit card users of the department store of the department store. The questionnaire will put for one month from February 1 to February 28, 2008 to gather enough data for analysis. A total of 1412 copies of questionnaire are issued, retrieving 396 copies, with 1016 copies of effective questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling is used in this research. The followings are four points of conclusion: (1) the quality of web-based self service has significantly positive influence on result indicators of relational benefits by means of customer relational benefits; (2) the quality of web-based self service, except for delivery service speed, has significantly positive influence on customer relational benefits; (3) customer relational benefits have significantly positive influence on result indicators of relational benefits; (4) customer relational benefits bring significant effect as a mediator between web-based self service and result indicators of relational benefits. Therefore, we suggest that the department store managers shall create more elements of relationship benefit so that the customers all feel highly of the relationship benefit in the hope to enhance the customer's satisfaction and loyalty on the enterprise.

This research explores the relationship between intention and actual usage of self-service technology (SST), and investigates the effects of facilitating conditions and customer readiness on customer adoption of SST. In recent years, self-service technologies have created many new service contents; nevertheless, the actual utilization is not actually common yet. Therefore, this research try to explore the relationship between customer readiness and facilitating conditions on the actual use of SST, then focus on narrowing the gap between intention to use SST and actual usage of SST. We believe that this understanding is imperative for service providers to make proactive strategies for fostering customers’ intention and actual usage of the SST. The framework makes it possible to understand and predict customer trial related to using self-service technology by thoroughly examining underlying customer readiness degree and use the internet to illustrate how our framework can be applied to study customer behavior related to a specific self-service technology. To analyze the longitudinal effect, a two-stage survey was conducted and lasted for seven months. As it is well known that behavior intention does not necessary lead to actual behavior, our findings offer proactive strategies to service providers in turning intention into actual usage. Implications are discussed for managerial strategy as well as for future research. The research can be referred as marketing strategy for self-service or kiosk industry, and on academic contribution of narrowing the gap between intention and actual use. It is expected that it is helpful to facilitate self-service development and to enrich customer experience and competitiveness in Taiwan.

Public Self Service Technology (SST) has become an important part of our daily life. Advancement in technology and reduced hardware costs have motivated service providers to deploy public a SST for various important and complex tasks. Examples of such tasks include editing and printing confidential documents, performing monetary transactions, etc. These tasks requires a user to reveal his/her personal information to a public SST. The major problem while performing these tasks using a public SST is that the user has to deal with many surrounding factors like social density, privacy and security, which might affect his/her trust towards the SST and in turn the user might refrain from using it. This study aims to find different factors that can enhance user’s trust towards a public SST, encourage to use it and complete the task even if it requires user’s personal information.The in-depth interview method was adopted for the study to learn twelve interviewees’ experience with varied public SSTs that specifically handles personal information, in an urge to understand interviewees’ behaviour, underlying motivations and desires to use those public SSTs. Analysing the data collected from interviews, ten trust factors were found that emerge at various stages of interaction with a public SST. They were categorized into pre-interaction, on-interaction and post-interaction factors based on their time of interaction. Beyond the trust factors, three additional important factors have emerged from interview data, which motivates users to adopt public SSTs. They are usefulness, convenience and personality-based trust. The results may be valuable for researchers who are focusing on different aspects of trust and any public artefact as well as for service providers and designers to design a trustworthy public SST. Based on the results, some practical implications for designing public SSTs are also presented. / Offentlig självbetjäningsteknik (eng. Public Self Service Technology) har blivit en viktig del av vårt dagliga liv. Förbättring i teknik och minskade hårdvarukostnader har motiverat tjänsteleverantörer att distribuera offentliga SST för olika viktiga och komplexa uppgifter. Exempel på sådana uppgifter är att redigera och skriva ut konfidentiella dokument, utföra monetära transaktioner etc. Dessa uppgifter kräver att en användare delar med sig av personlig information till en offentlig SST. Det stora problemet med att utföra dessa uppgifter med hjälp av SST är att användaren måste hantera många omgivande faktorer som social täthet, integritet och säkerhet, vilket kan påverka personens förtroende mot SST och i sin tur kananvändaren avstå från att använda den. Följaktligen syftar denna studie till atthitta olika faktorer som kan öka användarnas förtroende mot offentliga SST, uppmuntra att använda dem och slutföra uppgifter även om det kräver användarens personuppgifter.En djupintervjumetod användes i studien för att lära sig om tolv testdeltagares erfarenhet av olika offentliga SST, specifikt de som hanterar privat information, i en strävan att förstå deltagarnas beteende, underliggande motivation och önskemål att använda dessa offentliga SST. Analys av de uppgifter som samlats in från intervjuer, upptäckte tolv förtroendefaktorer som uppstår vid olika stadier av interaktion med en offentlig SST. De var därför uppdelade i pre-interaktion, interaktionsoch post-interaktionsfaktorer. Från intervjuerna har ytterligare tre viktiga faktorer upptäckts som motiverar användarna att använda offentliga SST. De är användbarhet, bekvämlighet och personlighetsbaserat förtroende. Resultaten är värde-fulla för forskare som fokuserar på olika aspekter av förtroende och offentligaartefakter samt för tjänsteleverantörer och designers för att utforma en pålitlig offentlig SST. Baserat på resultaten presenteras också några praktiska konsekvenser för utformningen av offentliga SST.

The hospitality industry is increasingly incorporating self-service technology, suchas online booking systems, automated check-in and check-out, and in-roomtechnology, to enhance the customer experience and streamline operations. However,there is limited research on the adoption and usage of self-service technology bybaby boomers (BB) in this industry. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring theadoption and usage patterns of self-service technology (SST) among BBs in thehospitality industry.The paper follows a deductive approach drawing upon the extensive literature on thetopic. With a proposed qualitative viewpoint, the purpose of the study is to identifythe BBs’ attitude when using SSTs in hotels, and furthermore, to understand in whatinstances consumers prefer human interactions over technological encounters. Theempirical data was obtained through interviews that were conducted among 10Swedish BBs. The findings then were analyzed through thematic analysis, towithdraw patterns, similarities and differences.The conclusion of this thesis shows BBs have different preferences when it comes toadopting SSTs. The attitudes ranged from enthusiasm, to avoidance and hesitation.However, the common theme that emerged among all three types of attitudes, wasthe fact that they all prefer to use SSTs as a complementary step to what the hotelstaff will provide. It was also proposed in order to encourage the SST hesitant orSST avoidant group, the service design should be straightforward and theinstructions must be clear.

Traditional retail with personal service is becoming scarce. The personal interaction is replaced with self service alternatives, and the consumer is now seen as a co-service producer. What is the general attitude towards the service provided within these automated experiences? Is the automated experience of service comparable to the traditional service that is expected from the customer, or is the industry moving too fast, risking the exclusion of certain consumer groups in the quest for automation? This study conducted semi-structured interviews with a broad range of consumers and used thematic analysis in an effort to discover consumers' unique motivations in regards to self service alternatives in physical stores. The result showed that most consumers are satisfied as long as the service works as intended. But when problems arise, many of the respondents point out the lack of standardization, human support, long waiting times, and control within the user interface. Findings in this study contribute to the industry by identifying traits within the technology viewed by the consumer as enablers or disablers.

Self-service technologies (SSTs) have grown rapidly and aim to help customers self-serve. Self-service can be facilitated through help centers, which offers information and support. As the demand for on-going support continues to rise, it is important with continuous research of how to assist help centers to match the affordances of current technology to customers’ needs while providing a good User Experience (UX). Therefore, this study investigates how UX design can be used to improve help centers as a tool for self-service for different stakeholders. This study was in collaboration with Nasdaq, where the users’ needs, expectations and concerns when looking for help to use Nasdaq’s products were identified. In an evaluation, the main features of help center’s that influenced users experience and encouraged their use of the technology were measured by a theoretical lens of a revised version of a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The results of this study declare that the major significance in establishing a successful help center lies in ensuring easy accessibility to information through a search function and a well-organized side navigation. Additionally, incorporating a training and getting started page with a combination of videos and text are crucial for advanced products. / Självbetjäningsteknologier (SST) har vuxit snabbt och syftar till att assistera kunder att hjälpa sig själv. Självbetjäning kan underlättas genom ett hjälpcenter, vilket erbjuder information och support. Eftersom efterfrågan på ständig support fortsätter att öka är det viktigt med kontinuerlig forskning om hur man kan skapa hjälpcenter som matchar den nuvarande teknikens möjligheter till kundernas behov samtidigt som man tillhandahåller en bra användarupplevelse (UX). Därför undersöker denna studie hur UX design kan användas för att förbättra hjälpcenter som ett verktyg för självbetjäning för olika intressenter. Denna studie gjordes i samarbete med Nasdaq, där användarnas behov, förväntningar och oro när de söker efter hjälp att använda Nasdaqs produkter identifierades. I en utvärdering mättes huvudfunktionerna i ett hjälpcenter som påverkade användarnas upplevelse och uppmuntrade deras användning av tekniken genom en teoretisk lins bestående av en reviderad version av Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Resultaten av denna studie visar att det viktigaste för att etablera ett framgångsrikt hjälpcenter ligger i att säkerställa lättillgänglighet till information genom en sökfunktion och en välorganiserad sidnavigering. Dessutom är det avgörande för avancerade produkter att införa en tränings- och komma igång-sida med en kombination av videor och text.

Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur telekomkunder användning av själv-serviceteknologi (SST) kan öka. Relevant litteratur som SST, teknologisk acceptans, user experience (UX), customer experience (CX) och servicedesign (SD) har identifierats och förankrat studien vetenskapligt. Baserat på syftet och den teoretiska grunden har en designstrategi skapats för att undersöka detta på ett relevant sätt på ett telekomföretag i Sverige. Studien har utgått från en formativ utvärdering där expertanvändares upplevelser av telekomkunder, kundservice och själv-serviceteknologi har studerats, för att kunna identifiera möjliga problem och förbättringsområden. Semi-strukturerade djupintervjuer har använts som datainsamlingsmetoden på grund av de förutsättningar som fanns för studien. Detta har i kombination med analysstrategierna har medverkat till identifieringen av kontextuella fynd som kan öka användning av SST för telekomföretagets kunder. Några av dessa fynd är att SST behöver vara standardiserad inom telekombranschen och att telekomföretaget kan öka användandet genom att informera sina kunder mer om möjligheterna med SST. I Studien har också faktorer som tyder på ett samband mellan områdena service, SST och telekomkunder identifierats, detta kan öka förståelsen för hur SST i denna kontext bör utvecklas och designas framöver.

In the era of digital transformation, the need for more efficient self-service technologies has increased, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlighted the importance of reducing physical interactions. Although there is some research on self-service technologies, there is a lack of research on the usability of internal self-service portals which are used within organizations. This study aims to address this gap by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the design principles within Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) field to examine the usability of a self-service portal in a university in Sweden. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, incorporating data collection techniques such as cognitive walkthrough and semi-structured interviews for qualitative data, as well as System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire, and some other quantitative measurements for collecting data. Findings from the quantitative analysis through the System Usability Scale (SUS) results indicate a good to borderline OK design, with user satisfaction affected by the number of clicks and time required to complete tasks.  Findings from the qualitative analysis reveal important factors influencing user experience, including user perception of the portal's design, learnability, impact of access to multiple systems, influence of easy-to-reach IT assistance, impact of insufficient information and guidance, lack of awareness, user desires, and suggestions for the design. The study concludes with the development of design guidelines based on the identified themes, aiming to enhance the usability of the self-service portal. These findings contribute to the understanding of self-service portals' usability within organizational contexts and provide actionable recommendations for improving the design and the user experience.