This study examines Tatums, Oklahoma, under the assumption that the historically black towns (HBT) developed as a response to conditions in the South. This community provides a rich example of the apparent anomalies that the environment of self-segregation created. Despite the widespread violence of the Klan, the residents of the HBTs were not the targets of lynching or mob violence. During the years after World War II, Tatums residents enjoyed the greatest prosperity. The final chapter looks at the battle Tatums' residents fought to keep their school from being closed after the state of Oklahoma began to enforce the Brown v. Board of Education decisions in the 1960s. Their solidarity during the desegregation transition remained powerful enough for them to negotiate compromises regarding the fair treatment of their children in a world that was integrating around them.

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Orientador: Maria Encarnação Beltrão Sposito / Banca: Nécio Turra Neto / Banca: Oscar Alfredo Sobarzo Miño / Resumo: As atuais formas de produção e de apropriação do espaço urbano têm acentuado a tendência de segregação socioespacial, promovendo alterações na vida urbana contemporânea e nas práticas socioespaciais dos citadinos. Como consequência, a redefinição das relações entre o público e o privado tem modificado o significado do que é a cidade enquanto lócus da diversidade e confronto entre as diferenças. Essa nova estruturação, marcada por novas práticas socioespaciais, tem gerado dinâmicas de fragmentação socioespacial, o que exige que se observe a articulação entre formas, conteúdos e valores, para se compreender as novas lógicas da produção desigual do espaço urbano e as dimensões do controle social que lhes são atinentes. Com base nestas premissas, esta pesquisa propõe-se a contribuir para o estudo da fragmentação socioespacial, a partir de duas cidades paulistas de porte médio: Marília e São Carlos. Recolheu-se elementos para avaliar em que medida os sujeitos autossegregados destas cidades optam por espaços residenciais fechados e pelo consumo seletivo da cidade, nos quais, estejam presentes aspectos de uma sociabilidade segmentada / Abstract: The current production forms and of appropriation of the urban space has accentuated the tendency of socio-spatial segregation, promoting alterations in the contemporary urban life and in the socio-spatial practices of the city dwellers. Also, the redefinition of the relation between the public and the private has changed the meaning of what is the city, while place of the diversity and confrontation among the differences. This new structuring, marked by new socio-spatial practices, has generated dynamics of socio-spatial fragmentation. This requires an examination the articulation between forms, contents and values, to understand the new logics of the unequal production of the urban space and the dimensions of the social control that are them concerning. Based on this, this research intends to contribute with the study of socio-spatial fragmentation, starting from two middle-size cities, located in São Paulo State: Marília and São Carlos. It was collected elements to evaluate in that measured the subjects self-segregated, in these cities, opt for residential spaces closed and for the selective consumption of the city where present aspects of a segmented sociability be. This research articulates to project: Diffuse Urbanization, Public Space and Urban Insecurity, supported by FAPESP / Mestre

157f. / Submitted by Hozana Azevedo (hazevedo@ufba.br) on 2013-06-25T12:25:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fugindo dos Males da Cidade - Rafael de Aguiar Arantes.pdf: 7060255 bytes, checksum: 21e8cbb74fefc340224ebdae9d432170 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná(dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-06-25T14:09:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Fugindo dos Males da Cidade - Rafael de Aguiar Arantes.pdf: 7060255 bytes, checksum: 21e8cbb74fefc340224ebdae9d432170 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-25T14:09:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fugindo dos Males da Cidade - Rafael de Aguiar Arantes.pdf: 7060255 bytes, checksum: 21e8cbb74fefc340224ebdae9d432170 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / FAPESB / Entre as tendências dominantes na dinâmica atual das cidades mundiais está o aumento da auto-segregação das camadas de média e alta renda e a proliferação de condomínios fechados, fortificados e protegidos, onde essas camadas vêm se refugiando em busca de segurança e qualidade de vida. O presente trabalho analisa este fenômeno, com base em uma pesquisa realizada na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS). Nessa região, os condomínios fechados surgiram de antigos conjuntos habitacionais e loteamentos privados da década de 1970 e 1980. Esses empreendimentos se direcionavam paras as camadas médias, especialmente assalariados, que buscavam ter acesso à casa própria e ter mais qualidade de vida, propiciada pela distância do centro urbano e pelo contato maior com a natureza. Oferecer mais liberdade, autonomia, espaço e opções de lazer para os filhos era um dos elementos centrais nesse contexto. Esses empreendimentos não nasceram fechados, e vão ganhando essa condição ao longo da década de 1980. A partir da década de 1990, contudo, novos empreendimentos surgem, já como condomínios fechados e incorporados pelo mercado, que valoriza através de peças publicitárias a moradia em locais protegidos, seguros e monitorados. Nesse novo contexto, alteram-se o perfil dos moradores, agora também setores das camadas mais altas, e a motivação para se morar nesses espaços. Associados a elementos relativos à qualidade de vida (tranqüilidade, estrutura privativa de lazer, e principalmente morar numa casa) cresce a importância do componente da segurança, de modo que a proliferação de condomínios fechados na RMS passa se configurar como um afastamento dos problemas urbanos, uma busca de tudo aquilo que os moradores acreditam não mais poder encontrar na cidade. Desse modo, a análise dos condomínios fechados na RMS permite inferir que, ao mesmo tempo em que eles são a expressão da crise dos espaços públicos, ao propiciar “soluções” individualistas e privatistas, reafirmam ainda mais aquela crise, contribuindo para o fim de um modelo de cidade moderna, que se pautava nos espaços públicos, abertos e plurais, na diversidade e na heterogeneidade. Among dominant trends in current dynamics of world cities is increasing self-segregation of the middle and upper-classes and the proliferation of gated communities, fortified and protected, where these layers have been taking refuge in a search for security and quality of life. This paper analyzes this phenomenon, based on a research in the Salvador Metropolitan Region. In this region, gated communities have emerged from former housing and private housing developments of the 1970s and 1980s. These projects were directed to the middle classes, especially employees, who sought access to home ownership and have a better quality of life afforded by the distance from the urban center and the greater contact with nature. Offer more freedom, autonomy, space and entertainment options for children was a central element in this context. These projects were not born walled, and moved ahead this condition throughout the 1980s. From the 1990s, however, new developments arise, already as gated communities and incorporated by the market, which values through advertising in local housing safe, secure and monitored. In this new context, change the profile of residents, now also sectors of the higher layers, and the motivation to live in these spaces. Associated with elements of quality of life (quiet, private leisure structure, and mainly live in houses) increases the importance of the security component, so that the proliferation of gated communities in the RMS is to configure itself as a departure from the urban problems a search of all that the villagers believe can no longer find in the city. Thus, the analysis of gated communities in this metropolitan region allows the inference that, while they are the expression of the crisis of public spaces, by providing individualistic and private "solutions", further reaffirm that crisis, contributing to the end of a model modern city, which was guided in public spaces, open and plural, that is, diversity and heterogeneity. / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dalpozzo_cf_me_prud.pdf: 3654443 bytes, checksum: 7c553d031eaecc68b34212ad048ab206 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As atuais formas de produção e de apropriação do espaço urbano têm acentuado a tendência de segregação socioespacial, promovendo alterações na vida urbana contemporânea e nas práticas socioespaciais dos citadinos. Como consequência, a redefinição das relações entre o público e o privado tem modificado o significado do que é a cidade enquanto lócus da diversidade e confronto entre as diferenças. Essa nova estruturação, marcada por novas práticas socioespaciais, tem gerado dinâmicas de fragmentação socioespacial, o que exige que se observe a articulação entre formas, conteúdos e valores, para se compreender as novas lógicas da produção desigual do espaço urbano e as dimensões do controle social que lhes são atinentes. Com base nestas premissas, esta pesquisa propõe-se a contribuir para o estudo da fragmentação socioespacial, a partir de duas cidades paulistas de porte médio: Marília e São Carlos. Recolheu-se elementos para avaliar em que medida os sujeitos autossegregados destas cidades optam por espaços residenciais fechados e pelo consumo seletivo da cidade, nos quais, estejam presentes aspectos de uma sociabilidade segmentada / The current production forms and of appropriation of the urban space has accentuated the tendency of socio-spatial segregation, promoting alterations in the contemporary urban life and in the socio-spatial practices of the city dwellers. Also, the redefinition of the relation between the public and the private has changed the meaning of what is the city, while place of the diversity and confrontation among the differences. This new structuring, marked by new socio-spatial practices, has generated dynamics of socio-spatial fragmentation. This requires an examination the articulation between forms, contents and values, to understand the new logics of the unequal production of the urban space and the dimensions of the social control that are them concerning. Based on this, this research intends to contribute with the study of socio-spatial fragmentation, starting from two middle-size cities, located in São Paulo State: Marília and São Carlos. It was collected elements to evaluate in that measured the subjects self-segregated, in these cities, opt for residential spaces closed and for the selective consumption of the city where present aspects of a segmented sociability be. This research articulates to project: Diffuse Urbanization, Public Space and Urban Insecurity, supported by FAPESP

When residential segregation is mentioned in news coverage and when it is talked about in everyday discourse in Sweden, it is very often associated with immigration and minority groups living in the poorer areas of the city. A common assumption is that “immigrants” actively withdraw from society and that they choose to live together rather than integrating with the majority population. This study, however, argues that discussions about segregation cannot be limited to the areas where minorities and poorer-income groups live, but must understand segregation as a process occurring in the whole system of urban neighbourhoods. In order to reach a more complete understanding of the ways in which segregation processes are at work in contemporary Swedish cities, knowledge is needed about the inhabitants with greater resources and power to choose their dwellings and residential areas. The neighbourhood choices of more privileged groups, and the socio-spatial reproduction of the areas of the upper-middle class, are investigated by applying a qualitative ethnographic framework. The thesis studies two neighbourhoods located in the post-industrial city of Malmö: Victoria Park, a US-inspired “lifestyle community” which is the first of its kind in Sweden, and Bellevue, older but still one of the most exclusive and high-status neighbourhoods in the city. In order to understand self-segregation among privileged groups, the study especially scrutinises the concepts of class and security as well as the impacts of neoliberalisation on the Swedish housing market. The main argument of the study is that the self-segregation by members of the upper-middle class demonstrates a rift which runs through the urban fabric of Malmö, splintering the city up into perceived separate worlds. The existence of physical, symbolic and social boundaries in Victoria Park and Bellevue reproduces these neighbourhoods as exclusive, private and tranquil spaces of the upper-middle class. By locating themselves in the calm and safe part of the city, the upper-middle class can buy security as a commodity, rather than relying on the welfare state to provide it for them.