O presente trabalho aborda a transformação semi-sintética de afidicolina visando a criação de uma biblioteca de compostos para fins de ensaios de atividade sobre espécies de Leishmania spp. Recentemente, estudos demonstraram a alta atividade da afidicolina, um diterpeno tetracíclico produzido pelo fungo Nigrospora sphaerica, frente ao protozoário Leishmania major. Apesar do promissor potencial leishmanicida, a afidicolina apresenta propriedades físico-químicas e perfil farmacocinético inadequado para terapêutica. Considerando que abordagens semi-síntética são comuns na busca de novos protótipos para doenças negligenciadas e na otimização de propriedades farmacocinéticas, foram desenvolvidas metodologias diversas de transformação de grupo funcional, alquilação e acilação da afidicolina a fim de avaliar os requisitos estruturais para atividade leishmanicida. Um estudo preliminar computacional foi realizado para determinação de cargas atômicas e potencial eletrostático da afidicolina, que forneceu informações valiosas sobre a reatividade química desta molécula, úteis para o planejamento de futuras modificações envolvendo este protótipo. No total, foram sintetizados dez compostos, sendo sete inéditos, que foram testados contra espécies de L. major e L.braziliensis. A avaliação leishmanicida dos compostos sintetizados demonstrou seletividade do derivado do tipo oxima contra a espécie L. brasiliensis, epidemiologicamente importante no Brasil. A partir dos dados da avaliação biológica foi possível propor, de forma preliminar, requisitos estruturais para a atividade leishmanicida da afidicolina e de seus derivados semi-sintéticos. / his work presents the use of semisynthetic approach to create a library of compounds from the lead compound aphidicolin for biological assays against Leishmania spp. Recently, studies have shown high activity of aphidicolin, a secondary metabolite from the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica, against the protozoan Leishmania major. Despite the promising leishmanicidal potential, aphidicolin presents physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic profile unsuitable for therapy. As the semi-synthetic approach is widely used in the search for new prototypes for neglected diseases, new methodologies have been developed for functional group transformation, alkylation and acylation of aphidicolin. A preliminary computational study was conducted to determine the atomic charges and electrostatic potential of aphidicolin, which provided valuable information on the chemical reactivity of this molecule, useful for planning future changes involving this prototype. Ten compounds were synthesized; seven of them are unpublished, which have been tested against different species of the protozoa Leishmania spp. The preliminary evaluation of the synthesized compounds showed leishmanicidal selectivity of the compound oxime against L. brasiliensis specie, which has a notorious occurrence in Brazil. We have proposed a preliminary perspective of the structural requirements for the leishmanicidal activity of aphidicolin and its semisynthetic derivatives based on the biological essays.

O presente trabalho aborda a transformação semi-sintética de afidicolina visando a criação de uma biblioteca de compostos para fins de ensaios de atividade sobre espécies de Leishmania spp. Recentemente, estudos demonstraram a alta atividade da afidicolina, um diterpeno tetracíclico produzido pelo fungo Nigrospora sphaerica, frente ao protozoário Leishmania major. Apesar do promissor potencial leishmanicida, a afidicolina apresenta propriedades físico-químicas e perfil farmacocinético inadequado para terapêutica. Considerando que abordagens semi-síntética são comuns na busca de novos protótipos para doenças negligenciadas e na otimização de propriedades farmacocinéticas, foram desenvolvidas metodologias diversas de transformação de grupo funcional, alquilação e acilação da afidicolina a fim de avaliar os requisitos estruturais para atividade leishmanicida. Um estudo preliminar computacional foi realizado para determinação de cargas atômicas e potencial eletrostático da afidicolina, que forneceu informações valiosas sobre a reatividade química desta molécula, úteis para o planejamento de futuras modificações envolvendo este protótipo. No total, foram sintetizados dez compostos, sendo sete inéditos, que foram testados contra espécies de L. major e L.braziliensis. A avaliação leishmanicida dos compostos sintetizados demonstrou seletividade do derivado do tipo oxima contra a espécie L. brasiliensis, epidemiologicamente importante no Brasil. A partir dos dados da avaliação biológica foi possível propor, de forma preliminar, requisitos estruturais para a atividade leishmanicida da afidicolina e de seus derivados semi-sintéticos. / his work presents the use of semisynthetic approach to create a library of compounds from the lead compound aphidicolin for biological assays against Leishmania spp. Recently, studies have shown high activity of aphidicolin, a secondary metabolite from the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica, against the protozoan Leishmania major. Despite the promising leishmanicidal potential, aphidicolin presents physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic profile unsuitable for therapy. As the semi-synthetic approach is widely used in the search for new prototypes for neglected diseases, new methodologies have been developed for functional group transformation, alkylation and acylation of aphidicolin. A preliminary computational study was conducted to determine the atomic charges and electrostatic potential of aphidicolin, which provided valuable information on the chemical reactivity of this molecule, useful for planning future changes involving this prototype. Ten compounds were synthesized; seven of them are unpublished, which have been tested against different species of the protozoa Leishmania spp. The preliminary evaluation of the synthesized compounds showed leishmanicidal selectivity of the compound oxime against L. brasiliensis specie, which has a notorious occurrence in Brazil. We have proposed a preliminary perspective of the structural requirements for the leishmanicidal activity of aphidicolin and its semisynthetic derivatives based on the biological essays.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Annonalida, diterpeno primarano isolado das raÃzes de Humirianthera ampla, foi utilizada como molÃcula protÃtipo no preparo de sete derivados por modificaÃÃes quÃmicas. As modificaÃÃes na annonalida envolveram reaÃÃes de substituiÃÃes nucleofÃlicas na hidroxila primÃria ligada ao C-16, transformaÃÃo da carbonÃla (C-15) em oxima, oxidaÃÃo de Baeyer-Villiger e reduÃÃo com borohidreto de sÃdio. Dentre os derivados formados, apenas o acrenol, um dos dois produtos de reduÃÃo com borohidreto de sÃdio, nÃo à inÃdito na literatura. A annonalida e seus derivados semi-sintÃticos foram testados em ensaios de atividade citotÃxica contra as linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais HCT-116 (cÃlon - humano), SF295 (Glioblastoma), HL60 (LeucÃmia promielocÃtica), PC3 (Carcinoma de prÃstata) e HEPG2 (Hepatocarcinoma). Todos os compostos apresentaram IC50 <5 &#956;g/mL em quatro das cinco linhagens testadas. Os melhores resultados foram para os derivados contendo o grupamento oxima em C-15 (ANN-OXIM) e um bromo em C-16 (ANN-BROM) contra a linhagem HL60. / Annonalide, a pimarane diterpene isolated from roots of Humirianthera ampla, was used as a prototype molecule in the preparation of seven derivatives by chemical modifications. Structure modifications at annonalide involved the nucleophilic substitution reactions at the primary hydroxyl attached to C-16, conversion of the carbonyl (C-15) into an oxime, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, and reduction with sodium borohydride.Among the derivative compounds, only acrenol, one of the compounds obtained by reduction of annonalide with sodium borohydride, is not new in the literature. Anonnalide and its derivatives were assayed against the cytotoxic cell lines HCT-116 (colon-human), SF295 (glioblastome), HL60 (leucemi), PC3 (prostate) e HEPG2 (hepatocarcinome). All compounds showed IC50 <5 &#956;g/mL against four of the five tested lines. The best results were obtained for the compounds containing the oxyme group at C-15 (ANN-OXIM) and a bromide atom at C-16 (ANN-BROM), both against HL60 cell line.

Biotransformações são reações de compostos orgânicos realizadas por microrganismos, plantas ou enzimas isoladas. A transformação de um composto em particular pode ser realizada em grupos funcionais com ou sem degradação de seu esqueleto. Neste trabalho foram utilizados fungos endofíticos e de solo na biotransformação da lactona sesquiterpênica enidrina e do diterpeno afidicolina. A enidrina possui atividade antidiabética e anti-inflamatória. A afidicolina possui pronunciada atividade antitumoral, antiviral e leishmanicida. Foram realizados experimentos de biotransformação da enidrina e da afidicolina com os fungos endofíticos Penicillium crustosum VR4, Papulospora immersa SS13, Fusarium oxysorium SS50 e com o fungo de solo Rhizopus stolonifer. A biotransformação da enidrina com fungo endofítico Papulospora immersa SS13 levou à obtenção de um derivado di-hidroxilado, produzido pela abertura do epóxido presente no éster da cadeia lateral desta lactona sesquiterpênica. Este produto só havia sido previamente obtido na literatura por semi-síntese a partir da enidrina. Os experimentos de biotransformação da afidicolina não levaram ao isolamento e identificação de produtos. Reações semi-sintéticas com a afidicolina foram mais eficientes para a obtenção de derivados deste diterpeno. Foram obtidos cinco derivados semi-sintéticos da afidicolina: dois derivados mono-éteres de silício, um di-éter de silício, um derivado tetra-acetilado e um tri-acetilado. Ainda, na purificação dos produtos reacionais isolou-se o produto natural 3-desoxiafidicolina. Todos os derivados afidicolanos foram submetidos ao ensaio frente a Leishmania major. A afidicolina, a 3-desoxiafidicolina e a afidicolina tri-acetilada exibiram as atividades leishmanicidas mais significativas. Foram calculadas as lipofilicidades dos derivados afidicolanos. A maior atividade observada para o derivado tri-acetilado da afidicolina pode estar relacionada com sua maior capacidade de cruzar as membranas celulares. Este trabalho levou ao isolamento de um produto de biotransformação da enidrina e à identificação de novos derivados afidicolanos naturais e semi-sintéticos com atividade leishmanicida. / Biotransformations are reactions of organic compounds made by intact microbial cells, plant cells or enzymes isolated. The transformation of a particular compound can be carried out at functional groups, with or without degradation of the carbonic skeleton. In this work endophytic and soil fungal strains were applied for the biotransformation of the bioactive terpenes enhydrin (sesquiterpene lactone) and aphidicolin (diterpene). Enhydrin shows anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity. Aphidicolin has been reported as an antiviral, antitumoral and leishmanicidal hit. The endophytes Penicillium crustosum VR4, Papulospora immersa SS13, Fusarium oxysporium SS50 and the soil fungus Rhizopus stolonifer have been screened for the biotransformation of enhydrin and aphidicolin. The biotransformation of enhydrin, catalyzed by the endophytic P. immersa SS13, led to the isolation of a dihydroxy-derivative, a product of the sesquiterpene lactone side chain epoxide opening. This product had only been obtained previously by chemical means. The biotransformation experiments using aphidicolin as substrate were not successful in the production of derivatives. The derivatives of aphidicolin were more efficiently prepared through semi-synthetic approaches. Five aphidicolin semi-synthetic derivatives were obtained: two silicon mono-silyl ether derivatives, one silicon bis-silyl ether derivative, one tetra-acetylated derivative and one triacetylated derivative. During the purification of synthetic mixtures, the natural product 3-deoxyaphidicolin was also isolated. All the aphidicolane derivatives have been assayed against Leishmania major. Aphidicolin, 3-deoxyaphidicolin and triacetylated aphidicolin showed the higher leishmanicidal activities. The lipophilicities of aphidicolane derivatives were calculated. The higher activity presented by the triacetylated aphidicolin may be due to its higher ability to cross the cell membranes. This work led to the isolation of one biotransformation product of enhydrin and to the identification of new natural and semi-synthetic leishmanicidal aphidicolanes.

Biotransformações são reações de compostos orgânicos realizadas por microrganismos, plantas ou enzimas isoladas. A transformação de um composto em particular pode ser realizada em grupos funcionais com ou sem degradação de seu esqueleto. Neste trabalho foram utilizados fungos endofíticos e de solo na biotransformação da lactona sesquiterpênica enidrina e do diterpeno afidicolina. A enidrina possui atividade antidiabética e anti-inflamatória. A afidicolina possui pronunciada atividade antitumoral, antiviral e leishmanicida. Foram realizados experimentos de biotransformação da enidrina e da afidicolina com os fungos endofíticos Penicillium crustosum VR4, Papulospora immersa SS13, Fusarium oxysorium SS50 e com o fungo de solo Rhizopus stolonifer. A biotransformação da enidrina com fungo endofítico Papulospora immersa SS13 levou à obtenção de um derivado di-hidroxilado, produzido pela abertura do epóxido presente no éster da cadeia lateral desta lactona sesquiterpênica. Este produto só havia sido previamente obtido na literatura por semi-síntese a partir da enidrina. Os experimentos de biotransformação da afidicolina não levaram ao isolamento e identificação de produtos. Reações semi-sintéticas com a afidicolina foram mais eficientes para a obtenção de derivados deste diterpeno. Foram obtidos cinco derivados semi-sintéticos da afidicolina: dois derivados mono-éteres de silício, um di-éter de silício, um derivado tetra-acetilado e um tri-acetilado. Ainda, na purificação dos produtos reacionais isolou-se o produto natural 3-desoxiafidicolina. Todos os derivados afidicolanos foram submetidos ao ensaio frente a Leishmania major. A afidicolina, a 3-desoxiafidicolina e a afidicolina tri-acetilada exibiram as atividades leishmanicidas mais significativas. Foram calculadas as lipofilicidades dos derivados afidicolanos. A maior atividade observada para o derivado tri-acetilado da afidicolina pode estar relacionada com sua maior capacidade de cruzar as membranas celulares. Este trabalho levou ao isolamento de um produto de biotransformação da enidrina e à identificação de novos derivados afidicolanos naturais e semi-sintéticos com atividade leishmanicida. / Biotransformations are reactions of organic compounds made by intact microbial cells, plant cells or enzymes isolated. The transformation of a particular compound can be carried out at functional groups, with or without degradation of the carbonic skeleton. In this work endophytic and soil fungal strains were applied for the biotransformation of the bioactive terpenes enhydrin (sesquiterpene lactone) and aphidicolin (diterpene). Enhydrin shows anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity. Aphidicolin has been reported as an antiviral, antitumoral and leishmanicidal hit. The endophytes Penicillium crustosum VR4, Papulospora immersa SS13, Fusarium oxysporium SS50 and the soil fungus Rhizopus stolonifer have been screened for the biotransformation of enhydrin and aphidicolin. The biotransformation of enhydrin, catalyzed by the endophytic P. immersa SS13, led to the isolation of a dihydroxy-derivative, a product of the sesquiterpene lactone side chain epoxide opening. This product had only been obtained previously by chemical means. The biotransformation experiments using aphidicolin as substrate were not successful in the production of derivatives. The derivatives of aphidicolin were more efficiently prepared through semi-synthetic approaches. Five aphidicolin semi-synthetic derivatives were obtained: two silicon mono-silyl ether derivatives, one silicon bis-silyl ether derivative, one tetra-acetylated derivative and one triacetylated derivative. During the purification of synthetic mixtures, the natural product 3-deoxyaphidicolin was also isolated. All the aphidicolane derivatives have been assayed against Leishmania major. Aphidicolin, 3-deoxyaphidicolin and triacetylated aphidicolin showed the higher leishmanicidal activities. The lipophilicities of aphidicolane derivatives were calculated. The higher activity presented by the triacetylated aphidicolin may be due to its higher ability to cross the cell membranes. This work led to the isolation of one biotransformation product of enhydrin and to the identification of new natural and semi-synthetic leishmanicidal aphidicolanes.

The persistence and propagation of bacterial antibiotic resistance presents significant challenges to the treatment of drug resistant bacteria with current antimicrobial chemotherapies, while a dearth in replacements for these drugs persists. The thiopeptide family of antibiotics may represent a potential source for new drugs and thiostrepton, the prototypical member of this antibiotic class, is the primary subject under study in this thesis. Using a facile semi-synthetic approach novel, regioselectively-modified thiostrepton derivatives with improved aqueous solubility were prepared. In vivo assessments found these derivatives to retain significant antibacterial ability which was determined by cell free assays to be due to the inhibition of protein synthesis. Moreover, structure-function studies for these derivatives highlighted structural elements of the thiostrepton molecule that are important for antibacterial activity. Organisms that produce thiostrepton become insensitive to the antibiotic by producing a resistance enzyme that transfers a methyl group from the co-factor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to an adenosine residue at the thiostrepton binding site on 23S rRNA, thus preventing binding of the antibiotic. Extensive site-directed mutagenesis was performed on this enzyme to generate point mutations at key active site residues. Ensuing biochemical assays and co-factor binding studies on these variants identified amino acid residues in the active site that are essential to the formation of the AdoMet binding pocket and provided direct evidence for the involvement of an active site arginine in the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. Certain bacteria that produce neither thiostrepton nor the resistance methyltransferase express the thiostrepton binding proteins TIP-AL and TIP-AS, that irreversibly bind to the antibiotic, thereby conferring resistance by sequestration. Here, it was found that the point mutation of the previously identified reactive amino acid in TIP-AS did not affect covalent binding to the antibiotic, which was immediately suggestive of a specific, high affinity non-covalent interaction. This was confirmed in binding studies using chemically synthesized thiostrepton derivatives. These studies further revealed structural features from thiostrepton important in this non-covalent interaction. Together, these results indicate that thiostrepton binding by TIP-AS begins with a specific non-covalent interaction, which is necessary to properly orient the thiostrepton molecule for covalent binding to the protein. Finally, the synthesis of a novel AdoMet analogue is reported. The methyl group of AdoMet was successfully replaced with a trifluoromethyl ketone moiety, however, the hydrated form (germinal diol) of this compound was found to predominate in solution. Nevertheless, the transfer of this trifluoroketone/ trifluoropropane diol group was demonstrated with the thiopurine methyltransferase.

The persistence and propagation of bacterial antibiotic resistance presents significant challenges to the treatment of drug resistant bacteria with current antimicrobial chemotherapies, while a dearth in replacements for these drugs persists. The thiopeptide family of antibiotics may represent a potential source for new drugs and thiostrepton, the prototypical member of this antibiotic class, is the primary subject under study in this thesis. Using a facile semi-synthetic approach novel, regioselectively-modified thiostrepton derivatives with improved aqueous solubility were prepared. In vivo assessments found these derivatives to retain significant antibacterial ability which was determined by cell free assays to be due to the inhibition of protein synthesis. Moreover, structure-function studies for these derivatives highlighted structural elements of the thiostrepton molecule that are important for antibacterial activity. Organisms that produce thiostrepton become insensitive to the antibiotic by producing a resistance enzyme that transfers a methyl group from the co-factor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to an adenosine residue at the thiostrepton binding site on 23S rRNA, thus preventing binding of the antibiotic. Extensive site-directed mutagenesis was performed on this enzyme to generate point mutations at key active site residues. Ensuing biochemical assays and co-factor binding studies on these variants identified amino acid residues in the active site that are essential to the formation of the AdoMet binding pocket and provided direct evidence for the involvement of an active site arginine in the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. Certain bacteria that produce neither thiostrepton nor the resistance methyltransferase express the thiostrepton binding proteins TIP-AL and TIP-AS, that irreversibly bind to the antibiotic, thereby conferring resistance by sequestration. Here, it was found that the point mutation of the previously identified reactive amino acid in TIP-AS did not affect covalent binding to the antibiotic, which was immediately suggestive of a specific, high affinity non-covalent interaction. This was confirmed in binding studies using chemically synthesized thiostrepton derivatives. These studies further revealed structural features from thiostrepton important in this non-covalent interaction. Together, these results indicate that thiostrepton binding by TIP-AS begins with a specific non-covalent interaction, which is necessary to properly orient the thiostrepton molecule for covalent binding to the protein. Finally, the synthesis of a novel AdoMet analogue is reported. The methyl group of AdoMet was successfully replaced with a trifluoromethyl ketone moiety, however, the hydrated form (germinal diol) of this compound was found to predominate in solution. Nevertheless, the transfer of this trifluoroketone/ trifluoropropane diol group was demonstrated with the thiopurine methyltransferase.

Notre équipe est l’un des partenaires du projet international PoMaRé (« Invertébrésbenthiques de Polynésie, Martinique et de la Réunion »). Nous travaillons encollaboration directe avec le Dr Cécile Debitus de l’IRD en Polynésie française, sonéquipe étant notamment en charge de collecter des échantillons d’éponges marinesdans différents atolls du Pacifique.Au laboratoire, nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement à deux espècesabondantes en Polynésie : Dactylospongia metachromia et Dactylospongia elegans.Notre travail a consisté à isoler leurs métabolites spécialisés majoritaires : lesilimaquinones, puis à réaliser diverses études autour de ces deux sesquiterpènesquinoniques épimériques. Le travail s’est organisé de la façon suivante :- Extraction des ilimaquinones : les ilimaquinones ont été isolées de l’éponge Dactylospongia metachromia avec un rendement > 3 %. Une étude de la variation de leur pourcentage respectif par rapport à la géographie de collecte de l’éponge a été entreprise. Impliquant plus d’une centaine d’échantillons, c’est la première fois qu’une étude d’une telle ampleur est réalisée. L’éponge D. elegans a également été étudiée, nos études ont révélé la présence de l’ilimaquinone mais aussi d’une structure proche : l’isospongiaquinone.- Modifications structurales autour des ilimaquinones : Par voie chimique : des modifications ont été étudiées sur les ilimaquinones afin de cerner leur réactivité, divers analogues ont ainsi été obtenus. Entre autres, les substances naturelles isospongiaquinone, 5-epi-isospongiaquinone et néomamanuthaquinone ont pu être hémisynthétisées. Lors de ces études, une nouvelle réaction a été découverte modifiant la quinone de façon surprenante dans des conditions oxydantes. Par voie enzymatique : des micro-organismes ont été utilisés pour réaliser des biotransformations sur le squelette de l’ilimaquinone, trois composés ont été obtenus. Ces modifications ont touché à la fois la décaline et la quinone de notre substrat. Une réaction de fonctionnalisation originale a d’ailleurs pu être observée pour la première fois.- Modélisation moléculaire et électrochimie : une étude de modélisation moléculaire nous a permis de calculer l’énergie de formation des ilimaquinones en nous basant sur les hypothèses de biosynthèse que nous pouvons maintenant mieux appréhender. Finalement une étude d’électrochimie nous a permis d’évaluer les propriétés oxydo-réductrices de ces molécules naturelles à fortes potentialités en termes d’activités biologiques. / Our team is one of the partners of the international project PoMaRe ("Benthic Invertebrates of Polynesia, Martinique and Reunion"). We worked directly with Dr. Cécile Debitus from the IRD in French Polynesia, her team was in charge of collecting samples of marine sponges in different atolls of the Pacific.In the laboratory, we focused particularly on two abundant species in Polynesia: Dactylospongia metachromia and Dactylospongia elegans. Our job was to isolate their major metabolites: the ilimaquinones and perform various studies around these two epimeric sesquiterpene quinones.The work was organized as follows:- Extraction of ilimaquinones: ilimaquinones were isolated from the sponge Dactylospongia metachromia with a yield > 3%. A study of the variation of their respective percentage in relation with the geography of collection was undertaken, involving more than one hundred samples. This is the first study of this scale to be achieved. The sponge D. elegans was also studied, our results revealed the presence of ilimaquinone but also a nearby structure: isospongiaquinone.- Structural modifications of ilimaquinones:* Chemical modifications: structural changes were studied on ilimaquinones to delimit their reactivity: various analogues have been obtained. Among others, natural substances isospongiaquinone, 5-epi-isospongiaquinone and neomamanuthaquinone have been obtained. In these studies, a new reaction was discovered modifying the quinone surprisingly under oxidizing conditions.* Enzymatic modifications: micro-organisms were used to carry out biotransformations on the skeleton of ilimaquinone, three compounds were obtained. These changes have affected both the decalin and the quinone of our substrate. An original reaction has also been observed for the first time.- Molecular modeling and electrochemistry: a molecular modeling study has allowed us to calculate the energy of formation of ilimaquinones based on biosynthesis assumptions that we can now better understand. Finally an electrochemistry study evaluated the redox properties of these natural molecules with high potential in terms of biological activity.

As infecções por bactérias representam um grave problema hoje e para o futuro, devido ao fato de que estes microrganismos desenvolvem mecanismos de resistência aos antibióticos ao longo do tempo de uso. A formação de biofilmes também é um fator a ser discutido no cenário atual por estar associado a muitas infecções bacterianas humanas, principalmente àquelas envolvendo dispositivos médicos aumentando assim os riscos de infecções hospitalares. O ácido ursólico (AU) é um triterpeno conhecido por suas atividades biológicas relatadas. Apresenta moderada atividade antibacteriana, porém tem demonstrado importante citotoxicidade frente a algumas linhagens celulares. Em vista disso, neste trabalho se desenvolveu uma série de novas moléculas derivadas do AU com alterações nas posições C-3 e C-28. Quatro moléculas com substituição em C-3 (derivados 2, 3, 4e 5) e uma com substituição em C-3 e C-28 (derivado 6) foram comparadas ao AU (1) quanto a atividade antibacteriana. As cepas utilizadas foram Salmonela Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Staphylococcus aureus. Os compostos 3 e 6 apresentaram melhor perfil inibitório de forma geral, onde 3 apresentouse bactericida para S. aureus e S. epidermidis (Gram positivas) e paraP. mirabilis (Gram negativa) apresentou-se bacteriostático. / The ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpene known for their biological activities reported. Thus, become useful techniques semi-synthesis starting from natural products extracted, for example residue industries in order to improve the pharmacological properties decreasing toxicity. The bacterial infections are a serious problem today and in the future due to the fact that these organisms develop resistance mechanisms to antibiotics over time of use. The formation of biofilms is also a factor to be discussed in the current scenario because of being responsible for a very high number of rejections and other prosthetic devices by increasing the risk of nosocomial infections. The AU has a moderate antibacterial activity reported in the literature, but showed significant cytotoxicity against some cell lines. In view of this it developed a series of new molecules derived from AU residues extracted from apples (Mallus domestica) from the juice industry by promoting the so-called green chemistry. The molecules undergo changes in C-3 and C-28. Four molecules with substitution at C-3 (derived from 2, 3, 4 and 5) and one with substitution at C-3 and C-28 (derived 6) were compared with au (1). The strains used in the tests of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration were Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds 3 and 6 had better inhibitory profile in general, where three presented bactericidal to S. aureus and S. epidermidis (Gram positive) and P. mirabilis (Gram negative) appeared bacteriostatic.

As infecções por bactérias representam um grave problema hoje e para o futuro, devido ao fato de que estes microrganismos desenvolvem mecanismos de resistência aos antibióticos ao longo do tempo de uso. A formação de biofilmes também é um fator a ser discutido no cenário atual por estar associado a muitas infecções bacterianas humanas, principalmente àquelas envolvendo dispositivos médicos aumentando assim os riscos de infecções hospitalares. O ácido ursólico (AU) é um triterpeno conhecido por suas atividades biológicas relatadas. Apresenta moderada atividade antibacteriana, porém tem demonstrado importante citotoxicidade frente a algumas linhagens celulares. Em vista disso, neste trabalho se desenvolveu uma série de novas moléculas derivadas do AU com alterações nas posições C-3 e C-28. Quatro moléculas com substituição em C-3 (derivados 2, 3, 4e 5) e uma com substituição em C-3 e C-28 (derivado 6) foram comparadas ao AU (1) quanto a atividade antibacteriana. As cepas utilizadas foram Salmonela Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Staphylococcus aureus. Os compostos 3 e 6 apresentaram melhor perfil inibitório de forma geral, onde 3 apresentouse bactericida para S. aureus e S. epidermidis (Gram positivas) e paraP. mirabilis (Gram negativa) apresentou-se bacteriostático. / The ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpene known for their biological activities reported. Thus, become useful techniques semi-synthesis starting from natural products extracted, for example residue industries in order to improve the pharmacological properties decreasing toxicity. The bacterial infections are a serious problem today and in the future due to the fact that these organisms develop resistance mechanisms to antibiotics over time of use. The formation of biofilms is also a factor to be discussed in the current scenario because of being responsible for a very high number of rejections and other prosthetic devices by increasing the risk of nosocomial infections. The AU has a moderate antibacterial activity reported in the literature, but showed significant cytotoxicity against some cell lines. In view of this it developed a series of new molecules derived from AU residues extracted from apples (Mallus domestica) from the juice industry by promoting the so-called green chemistry. The molecules undergo changes in C-3 and C-28. Four molecules with substitution at C-3 (derived from 2, 3, 4 and 5) and one with substitution at C-3 and C-28 (derived 6) were compared with au (1). The strains used in the tests of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration were Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds 3 and 6 had better inhibitory profile in general, where three presented bactericidal to S. aureus and S. epidermidis (Gram positive) and P. mirabilis (Gram negative) appeared bacteriostatic.