Where parties are married in community of property, debts are incurred by the parties and not by the joint estate. Each spouse is liable for debt incurred by either spouse. A creditor is, therefore, entitled to claim from joint estate of both spouses (as co debtors). Such an estate includes not only the spouse's undivided interest in the joint estate but also any and all separate property that falls outside the joint estate. Once the joint estate is sequestrated, both spouses become "insolvent debtors" and consequently the property (including separate property) of both spouses is available to creditors. The lnsolvency Act, as opposed to the Matrimonial Property Act, makes no provision for the recognition or sequestration of 'separate property". Although an estate is sequestrated, it is the debtor who is insolvent. A debtor (married in community of property) who possesses "separate property" is on sequestration of the joint estate insolvent in relation to both his or her undivided interest in the joint estate as well as any "separate property". But is this correct? Ample provision is made by various statutes for the exclusion of certain property from an insolvent estate. Does this not mean that a debtor might be insolvent in relation to one estate and not insolvent in relation to the other? The estate of a partnership is, for purposes of sequestration, deemed to be a separate entity from the partners' private estates. Where the partnership fails, creditors first have recourse against the estate of the partnership where after any shortfall may be claimed from the private estates of the partners. Although the estates of partners are sequestrated simultaneously with the estate of the partnership, creditors of the partnership may not proof their claims against the estate of a partner and vice versa. Is it just and equitable that a spouse who owns separate property is treated differently from a partner who does not possess a separate estate in law from the partnership estate? A partner only has one estate - a private estate that includes his or her interest in the partnership. It is concluded that despite the judgment of the Supreme Court of Appeal in Du Plessis v Pienaar, a sense of dissatisfaction still prevails regarding the status of separate property. It is furthermore suggested that in view of the lack of provisions in the insolvency Act regarding separately owned property, the said Act be amended to provide for the specific exclusion of separate property from an insolvent joint estate. It is more advisable to provide for the exclusion of separate property from the insolvent joint estate than to provide for the simultaneous sequestration thereof. / Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

While harvesting potatoes by SE 75-40 combines, made by “Grimme”, potato amount of soil in potatoes, amount of potatoes injured by combine working parts, distribution of potatoes mechanical injuries in combine elevator length and in other working parts, the causes of injuries were established. Efficiency of electronic potato, as prevention from injuries means, was examined. “Grimme SE 75-40” has elevator on which end earthy is 82 percent. The are about 8 percent potatoes rams than 5 mm and about 4 percent light breach, smaller than 5 mm on elevator’s length. Electronic potato is a great help and you don’t have to cut knobs. The use of it should be broaden in farms which are growing great amount of potatoes.

With this essay we have the intention to develop knowledge about how girls are creating an identity through a subculture as the Skateboard community and through separate organization. Rising from the feministic history is the idea that women require a private sphere to be able to grow as individuals. We have the intention to research how the girls are experiencing the growth into an identity as a skateboarder in a male dominant arena and how the separate organization works for them. We have used a qualitative way of interviewing and the amount of interviews was six. The result of this study indicates that the girls are creating their identity through a collective identity and the separate organization is not enough to provide for their needs of mark of identification. / Med denna uppsats har vi intentionen att utveckla kunskap om hur tjejer skapar sin identitet genom skateboard som subkultur samt genom särorganisering. Sprungen ur feministisk historia kommer idén gällande att kvinnor behöver en privat sfär för att kunna växa som individer. Vi har intentionen att undersöka hur tjejer upplever skapandet av sin skateboardidentitet i en manligt dominerad miljö och hur särorganisering fungerar för dem. Vi har använt sex kvalitativa intervjuer. Resultatet av denna studie indikerar att tjejer skapar sin identitet genom kollektiv identitet och att särorganisering i sig inte är tillräckligt för att tillhandahålla det de behöver gällande sitt identitetsskapande.

Where parties are married in community of property, debts are incurred by the parties and not by the joint estate. Each spouse is liable for debt incurred by either spouse. A creditor is, therefore, entitled to claim from joint estate of both spouses (as co debtors). Such an estate includes not only the spouse's undivided interest in the joint estate but also any and all separate property that falls outside the joint estate. Once the joint estate is sequestrated, both spouses become "insolvent debtors" and consequently the property (including separate property) of both spouses is available to creditors. The lnsolvency Act, as opposed to the Matrimonial Property Act, makes no provision for the recognition or sequestration of 'separate property". Although an estate is sequestrated, it is the debtor who is insolvent. A debtor (married in community of property) who possesses "separate property" is on sequestration of the joint estate insolvent in relation to both his or her undivided interest in the joint estate as well as any "separate property". But is this correct? Ample provision is made by various statutes for the exclusion of certain property from an insolvent estate. Does this not mean that a debtor might be insolvent in relation to one estate and not insolvent in relation to the other? The estate of a partnership is, for purposes of sequestration, deemed to be a separate entity from the partners' private estates. Where the partnership fails, creditors first have recourse against the estate of the partnership where after any shortfall may be claimed from the private estates of the partners. Although the estates of partners are sequestrated simultaneously with the estate of the partnership, creditors of the partnership may not proof their claims against the estate of a partner and vice versa. Is it just and equitable that a spouse who owns separate property is treated differently from a partner who does not possess a separate estate in law from the partnership estate? A partner only has one estate - a private estate that includes his or her interest in the partnership. It is concluded that despite the judgment of the Supreme Court of Appeal in Du Plessis v Pienaar, a sense of dissatisfaction still prevails regarding the status of separate property. It is furthermore suggested that in view of the lack of provisions in the insolvency Act regarding separately owned property, the said Act be amended to provide for the specific exclusion of separate property from an insolvent joint estate. It is more advisable to provide for the exclusion of separate property from the insolvent joint estate than to provide for the simultaneous sequestration thereof. / Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

This thesis addresses the need for an optimization method which can simultaneously optimize and balance an aerothermodynamic cycle. The method developed is be able to control cycle design variables at all operating conditions to meet the performance requirements while controlling any additional variables which may be used to optimize the cycle and maintaining all operating limits and engine constraints. The additional variables represent degrees of freedom above what is needed for conservation of mass and energy in the engine system. The motivation for such a method is derived from variable cycle engines, however it is general enough to use with most engine architectures. The method is similar to many optimization algorithms but differs in its implementation to an aircraft engine by combining the cycle balance and optimization using a Newton-Raphson cycle solver to efficiently find cycle designs for a wide range of engine architectures with extra degrees of freedom not needed to balance the cycle. Combination of the optimization with the cycle solver greatly speeds up the design and optimization process. A detailed process description for implementation of the method is provided as well as a proof of concept using several analytical test functions. Finally, the method is demonstrated on a separate flow turbofan model. Limitations and applications of the method are further explored including application to a multi-design point methodology.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Université Laval, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [279]-292).

Inledning: Av de barn som har separerade föräldrar i Sverige så är det 35 procent som bor växelvis dvs. halva tiden hos respektive förälder. Frågeställningar: Hur har särlevande föräldrar upplevt omställningsprocessen från att ha varit "förälder på heltid" i kärnfamiljen till att vara "förälder på deltid" och träffa barnen varannan vecka samt hur upplever de att relationen till barnen och andra personer förändrats efter omställningen. Metod: Kvalitativ metod har valts och fem särlevande föräldrar som separerat för minst tre år sedan intervjuades utifrån en halvstrukturerad intervjuguide. Resultat: Resultatet visar att en separation är en process vars förlopp startar med olika påfrestningar inom kärnfamiljen och som leder till praktiska, känslomässiga, sociala och relationella förändringar som varierar över tid. Diskussion: Resultatet har undersökts med fokus på i vilken utsträckning det stöds av de tre teorierna; transitions-, kris- och ex-teorin.  Informanternas upplevelser stämmer överens med samtliga teorier i olika delar. Separationsprocessen med växelvis boende innebär en djupgående förändring som pågår parallellt; i den intrapsykiska världen (kris-teorin),  identitets- och rollförändring samt inom den relationella världen mot såväl barnen som andra vuxna (ex-teorin). Transitions-teorin  ger möjlighet till en mer differentierad beskrivning av processen med hjälp av sina sex faktorer. / Introduction: In Sweden, 35% of thechildren whose parents are separated have alternating residence i.e. they livehalf of the time with their mother and father respectively. Questions: Howhave separate parents experienced this process of adjustment from having been a"full-time parent"  in the nuclear family to becoming a"part-time parent" and see the child every fortnight and how do theyexperience that their relation to the children and those around has changedafter the adjustment? Method: A qualitative method has been chosen andfive separate parents living apart for at least 3 years have been interviewedin accordance with a semi-structured interview guide. Results: Theresult reveals that a separation is a process whose course of events startswith various strains within the nuclear family and leads to practical,emotional, social and relational changes that vary over time. Discussion:The result has been analysed focusing on the question to what extent it isbased on the three theories: the Transition theory, the Crisis theory and theEx-theory. The experiences of the informants correspond with all the threetheories in different parts. The separation process with alternating residenceinvolves a profound change going on parallelly; in the intrapsychic world (the Crisistheory), changes relating to identity and role and also witin the relationalworld towards the children as well as to other grown-ups (the Ex-theory). TheTransition theory makes a more differentiated description of the processpossible by means of its six factors.

The history of women education has been structured by two powerful narratives. The first of these is the tale of the separation of the spheres and the second is the application of the cult of true womanhood to understand women place in the early 19th century. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and analyse the educational ideal for upperclass women in Sweden. By applying an unconventional source material, namely the Swedish lifestyle magazine Magasin för konst, nyheter och moder, a new narrative emerge. The previous research into the topic has mainly used the concepts of the separate spheres and the cult of true womanhood to explain the cultural paradigm that occurred to the hierarchy of genders during the early 19th century. This thesis aims to test if these concepts also can be applied on the previously mentioned source material, and still be viable. This thesis purpose that the previously named historical narratives can not be applied as strictly as it was previously believed. This paper critically reviews the level of education that Magasin för konst, nyheter och moder expected from its female readers, and hope that through this critical review a debate on the topic will emerge.

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-08-26T14:07:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ERICA VERÍCIA DE OLIVEIRA CANUTO.pdf: 680084 bytes, checksum: 89f76f5fb21fd30d3d679b528802c8f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-08-26T14:08:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ERICA VERÍCIA DE OLIVEIRA CANUTO.pdf: 680084 bytes, checksum: 89f76f5fb21fd30d3d679b528802c8f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-26T14:08:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ERICA VERÍCIA DE OLIVEIRA CANUTO.pdf: 680084 bytes, checksum: 89f76f5fb21fd30d3d679b528802c8f9 (MD5) / O regime patrimonial de bens no casamento e na união estável é o conjunto de regras que regem as relações patrimoniais entre os cônjuges ou companheiros.Com a entrada em vigor do novo Código Civil (lei nº 10.406, de 10 de janeiro de 2002), em 11 de janeiro de 2003, houve a mudança de diversos dispositivos atinentes à matéria. Suprimiu-se o regime dotal, acrescentou-se o regime de participação final nos aqüestos, além do que, se previu a possibilidade de alteração do regime de bens no curso do casamento. A mais importante das alterações referentes ao regime de bens, certamente foi a autorização para que os cônjuges pudessem mudar o regime de bens ainda quando em curso o casamento. Trouxe, como isso, um novo paradigma, revogando o princípio da imutabilidade dos pactos antenupciais. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a nova regra a mutabilidade do regime de bens, seus requisitos, forma, efeitos, procedimento, bem como a realidade de outros países. O pedido deve ser submetido ao controle judicial, através de petição conjunta dos cônjuges, no qual farão exposição dos motivos que fundamentam o pedido, devendo comprovar a procedência das razões que invocam. Também há, no texto legal, a ressalva de direitos de terceiros, porventura prejudicados com a alteração do regime de bens, sendo ineficaz em relação a este. Os efeitos da modificação do regime de bens, semelhante ao pacto antenupcial, se condicionam ao registro junto ao Cartório de Registro Imobiliário no domicílio dos cônjuges. O procedimento é de jurisdição voluntária, não cabendo intervenção de quem quer que seja, além dos próprios cônjuges. E o juiz poderá designar audiência de ratificação do pedido ou mesmo de justificação, para comprovação da procedência das razões alegadas pelas partes. A análise da realidade de outros países, também objeto da pesquisa, se constitui um instrumento importante para conduzir o intérprete na aplicação do novo instrumento de garantia da liberdade contratual no âmbito do casamento. Por fim, faz-se uma avaliação positiva em relação à inserção da nova regra no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4670.pdf: 4408390 bytes, checksum: 3693be1eac8c1b52a8efb9f23cb90487 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-06 / University of São Carlos, 2012. Composting is one of the oldest processes of recycling organic waste. Despite being an environmentally appropriate treatment, their use is still little known regarding the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). This study aimed to investigate the management of MSW in Corumbataí - SP. For this purpose gravimetric characterization of MSW were performed, and composting alternatives applicable to the municipality of Corumbataí were analyzed. The study also sought to assess the perception inhabitants of the city regarding the subject matter, as well as their acceptance regarding previous separation of compostable organic waste (COW). Initially a survey on the management from the MSW was implemented. Two gravimetric characterizations were carried out, being the first in June and the other in December. In order to choose the composting alternative the following aspects were analyzed: the amount of organic waste; the availability and accessibility of the area; the existing infrastructure, equipment, labor and impacts on the environment. Questionnaires were applied to each of the families, from house to house, in order to evaluate the existing selective collection program, as well as the amount of knowledge they had about composting. The level of their acceptance in doing separation of organic household waste was also evaluated. Results: We found that the public power is adapting its MSW in a way environmentally responsible, and the selective collection program has shown good efficiency. Through gravimetric characterizations performed in the months of June and December, we obtained a high percentage of organic material (80%), identifying thus the viability of implementing a composting process. We found that the public power is adapting its MSW in a way that is environmentally correct, and the selective collection program has shown a good efficiency. About gravimetric characterizations performed in the months of June and December, we obtained a high percentage of organic matter (80%), identifying the availability of implementing a composting process. It was suggested the use of manual system of rotated furrows because of simple technology, constituted from equipment of easy maintenance and low cost. The research performed with the population found that 100% of respondents participate on the selective collection and had no doubt about the process of waste unbundling. In addition, garbage collection services provided by municipal employees were rated as excellent and good in 89% of the interviewed. About composting, 51% of the respondents had knowledge about the subject, as well as waste that could be composted. Another important finding of this study was to observe that 98% of the interviewed are disposed to separate organic waste for composting. The statement of a significant percentage of organic matter present in the composition of the MSW from Corumbataí means to provide a final destination for the most noble organic waste, with composting as an alternative for the treatment of them. Since the practice of selective collection is incorporated into the habits of the population, there is a positive perspective on the introduction of a third separation for composting organic waste (ROC) as observed in the research about the knowledge and opinion of locals about composting. In this sense it was suggested that the manual system using plowed furrows because of the simplified technology, comprising equipment for easy maintenance and low cost. The survey conduct among the population found that 100% of the respondents participate in the selective collection and have no doubts about the process of separating the trash. Furthermore, 89% of respondents the garbage collection services provided by municipal employees were rated as excellent or good. As for composting, 51% of respondents had knowledge about it, and knowing identify which waste could be composted. Another important fact observed in the study was that 98% of respondents are willing to separate organic waste for composting. / A compostagem é um dos mais antigos processos de reciclagem de resíduos orgânicos. Apesar de ser um tratamento ambientalmente adequado, sua utilização ainda é pouco difundida no que se refere à gestão municipal dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a gestão dos RSU no município de Corumbataí-SP. Para isso, foi realizada caracterização gravimétrica dos RSU e foram analisadas alternativas de compostagem aplicáveis ao município. O estudo também buscou avaliar a percepção da população quanto ao assunto em questão, bem como sua aceitação da separação prévia dos resíduos orgânicos compostáveis (ROC). Inicialmente foi realizado um levantamento da Gestão e Gerenciamento dos RSU existentes no município. Em seguida, foram realizadas duas caracterizações gravimétricas, sendo uma no mês de junho e outra em dezembro. Para escolha da alternativa de compostagem, foram analisados os seguintes aspectos: quantidade de resíduos orgânicos; disponibilidade de área e acessibilidade; infraestrutura; equipamentos; mão de obra e impactos no entorno. Posteriormente foram aplicados questionários nas unidades domiciliares de Corumbataí, com o objetivo de avaliar o programa de coleta seletiva, bem como o conhecimento dos entrevistados sobre compostagem e o nível de aceitação deles para fazer a separação prévia dos resíduos orgânicos domiciliares. Constatou-se que o poder público vem gerenciando seus RSU de forma ambientalmente correta, e o programa de coleta seletiva existente tem apresentado boa eficiência. Das caracterizações gravimétricas realizadas nos meses de junho e dezembro, obteve-se um percentual elevado de matéria orgânica (80%), identificando-se, portanto, a viabilidade da implantação de um processo de compostagem. Nesse sentido, foi sugerida a utilização do sistema manual de leiras revolvidas, em virtude da tecnologia simplificada, constituída de equipamentos de fácil manutenção e de baixo custo de aquisição. A pesquisa realizada com a população constatou que 100% dos entrevistados participam da coleta seletiva e não têm dúvidas quanto ao processo de separação dos RSU. Além disso, para 89% dos entrevistados os serviços de coleta de lixo prestados pelos funcionários municipais foram avaliados como ótimo ou bom. Quanto à compostagem, 51% dos entrevistados apresentaram conhecimento sobre o assunto, além de saberem identificar quais dos resíduos poderiam ser compostados. Outro dado importante observado na pesquisa foi que 98% dos entrevistados estão dispostos a separar os resíduos orgânicos para a compostagem. A constatação da presença de um percentual significativo de matéria orgânica na composição dos RSU de Corumbataí justifica proporcionar uma destinação final mais nobre para esse tipo de resíduo. A compostagem é sugerida como uma alternativa para o tratamento dos mesmos. Existe uma perspectiva positiva quanto à introdução da separação de resíduos orgânicos compostáveis (ROC), uma vez que a prática da coleta seletiva encontra-se incorporada no hábito da população, conforme constatado na pesquisa de conhecimento e opinião dos moradores sobre a compostagem.