The pivotal argument of this thesis is that, due to specific circumstances, Kosovo operates as an EU protectorate. Firstly, the political status of Kosovo deeply divides the UN members, including the major powers, which makes unilateral decisions ineffective. This implies that neither side can achieve maximalist demands, and thus further negotiations are required. Secondly, both representatives of Kosovo and Serbia expressed hope that their future is in the EU. Both sides are ready to compromise their legal and/or political status and welcome a solution under the formula: Kosovo to be independent of Serbia even if it means that Kosovo is not a sovereign state; and, Serbia not to recognise Kosovo, even if it means that Serbia loses authority over the region. Thirdly, the great powers, led by the USA and Russia, decided that the conflict and the political status of Kosovo should be facilitated by the EU. This decision, accompanied by the ICJ decision that Kosovo's solution should be sought through the EU political channels, gives the EU role of a moral agent. Finally, while the EU protects Kosovo in international affairs, it also requires from Serbia to recognise Kosovo's institutions and local autonomy.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / This study focuses on the history of relations between the Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo during a relatively extensive period, starting with the demise of the Ottoman Empire to present. It examines the process of the division of Kosovo society along ethnic, cultural, and religious lines that eventually made the seizure of power possible by nationalistic conservatives. The study investigates both Serbian and Albanian nationalism and speculates on why nothing had been done by the elite to contain the conflict in the first place. It seeks to explore the origins of the modern conflict and identifies the decisive factors that influenced the development of contradicting positions of two peoples that eventually led to open hostilities in 1998-99. The thesis employs a descriptive approach and reviews contemporary scholarly literature dedicated to the subject. / Major, The Ministry of Ukraine of Emergencies and Affairs of Population Protection from Consequences of Chernobyl Catastrophe

Thesis (doctoral)--Technische Universität, Dresden, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references and sources (p. 229-247).

The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions. The historical data examined demonstrate that before the establishment of their sovereign states ordinary Serbs and Bulgarians had only a vague idea, if any, of their national identity. The peasantry was accustomed to defining itself in terms of religion, locality and occupation, not in terms of nationality. Once the nation state was established peasants had to be indoctrinated in nationalism. The inculcation was executed through the schooling system, military conscription, the Christian Orthodox Church, and the press. It was through the channels of these state institutions that a national identity came into existence.

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The term ‘prosthetic’ is used increasingly across the social sciences and has taken on a theoretical life as a result of debates springing from contemporary studies of science and technology, medical anthropology and citizenship. This research considers whether the usage of ‘prosthetic’ and ‘prosthesis’ has however, become all too distanced from a grounded understanding of these terms, and is now in many ways synonymous with the term ‘cyborg’, therefore obscuring the specific relationships that prostheses represent. It asks if these terms have become a ‘catchall’ of technological subjectivities, without any basis in lived experience. Through ethnographic research into the manufacture, marketing and usage of medical prostheses in a Serbian inpatient rehabilitation centre, as well as interviews with prosthesis manufacturers, salespeople, as well with various citizens young and old, I present a nuanced view of the way in which citizenship itself is enacted. Citizenship is also a process of augmenting the body, both explicitly, such as in the (re)construction of socially acceptable bodies who have the capacity to labour, and implicitly, such as in the process of acquiring passports and identity documents. This process of externalising, and of the distributing of elements of the self into objects and relationships outside of the biological body forms the basis of what I term prosthetic citizenship. In my search for a grounded and ethnographically informed understanding of prostheses, and of prosthetic citizenship, key themes emerge, such as hope, normality, morality and the relationship of technology to the bodies. I find that prostheses are always sites of entanglement and paradox, but that they are also equally full of promise, and that in understanding how, why and in what capacities they are used, they emerge as capable of bridging the divide between theoretically complex abstract relationships, and the pragmatic realities of daily life.

The achievements of Dvorak, Borodin and Cajkovskij among others served as models for the first Serbian symphonies. Their themes were often based on authentic folk tunes or on tunes composed in folk spirit, and they demanded thematic work of primarily variational type, thereby producing looser and sometimes rhapsodic structures. Amold Schönberg was not alone in expressing his distaste for such \"folkloristic symphonies\" and their \"static treatment of folklore, but the public and many composers in different countries were sensitive to their melodic, rhythmic and harmonic richness, wide emotional span and lyrical charm. This different kind of symphony had a decisive influence on Serbian composers who wished to create a national school of their own.

The aUthor of the book investigates the innovative processes in the Serbian music between 1945 and 1965, taking into due consideration the factor of tradition and the wider European context of musical development.

Thesis advisor: Kathleen Bailey / Although the Croatian and Bosnian wars of the early 1990s were brought to a peaceful conclusion over ten years ago, they remain pertinent events today both for the study of political science and future attempts at global conflict resolution. While they are often characterized as ethnic conflicts, this study poses the question of whether a conflict can ever truly be ethnic in the sense that the sole motivation for violence is ethnic hatred rather than strategic considerations. This question brings the motivations for violence in the Yugoslav case into question. This project explores relevant literature on contemporary theories of ethnic conflict and surveys events in the region from the arrival of the Slavic people to the Balkans in the sixth century to occurrences as recent as 2006. The conflicts are viewed in terms of more general views about conflict prevention and resolution as well as being more specifically applied to the current conflict in Iraq. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

The main aim of this work is to discover gender differences in value orientation of today's youth, and to analyze developmental changes and ethnicity in terms of the same. The research is based on the assumption that a person’s gender identity influences his or her value orientation, thus gender stereotypes are adopted also on the level of what is preferred by the individual, or seen as important in life. In the research participated 118 young people from the Gymnasium in Subotica. The data about gender identity and value orientation was collected by a questionnaire, which was created in favour of this research. In the first part the questionnaire offered a list of gender related traits in order to define the participant’s gender identity. The second part was a list of opposite values, which was adopted from Jensen’s research. The results confirm the general findings of Jensen and reveal that there is significant gender effect present in adolescent’s value orientation in case of eight opposite values. It also highlights that age difference between the participants doesn’t contribute significantly to a higher or lower visible gender difference in value orientation, but conversely it shows that ethnic difference is an important factor in it.