My research concerns how the changing geopolitical positioning of the post-Yugoslav states has impacted on the lives and prospects of students and researchers in the natural sciences. The main focus is on scientists’ experiences and self-reporting, both of the situation at present and during the nineties, when scientific operations and scientists’ lives were disrupted by war and in the case of Belgrade, Serbia, UN sanctions against science. My fieldwork is centred on participant ethnography based at an institute in Belgrade, Serbia (the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory). However, throughout the thesis I trace and make connections between numerous other institutes and networks, as well as drawing on interview material and ethnography completed with students in Belgrade and Zagreb, Croatia. I analyse in particular on the impact of the recent wars, attempted ‘democratic transition’ and the current European economic crisis. My main argument is that whilst neoliberalisation and social changes over the past forty years have created opportunities for scientists globally, these opportunities were not evenly distributed. For scientists committed to living and working in the former Yugoslav region, these changes were often, but not always experienced as a hindrance; particularly as seen through the lens of reperipheralisation, which strongly relates to the context of war and recent scientific isolation. In the introduction and first chapter of the thesis, I detail the background in light of which ethnographic insights in the later chapters make sense. I then examine how scientists’ practices and experiences reflect, relate to, shape and have been shaped by not only post-Yugoslav discursive hegemonies (chapter two), but also disciplinary changes (chapter three), local academic hierarchies and conventions (chapter four), the socialist legacy and attempted neoliberal ‘transition’ (chapters two, three, four and five), academic traditions (chapter six) and national cosmology (chapters two and six). The thesis also attempts to make an original contribution to anthropological studies of science, in particular engaging with Latour and Woolgar’s (1986) work on credibility (chapter three), literature on science and its publics (chapter five) and the historiography of science (chapter six). The thesis also draws heavily on anthropological theory from other traditions in the discipline, including Marxist anthropology and theories of hegemony (chapter two), Bourdieu’s (1984) work on education (chapters two and four), Verdery’s (1995) analysis of cultural politics under socialism (chapters three and five) and exchange theory, including Graeber’s (2011) work on debts and indebtedness (chapter six). One key theoretical claim advanced through the ethnographic material is that an anthropological study working with scientists in what Blagojević (2010) terms the ‘semiperiphery’, and where a series of violent wars had recently took place, warrants a human focus, namely on the scientists and how they collectively dealt with and coped with disruption to their work and the reorganisation of their social worlds.

Refugee crisis of 2015 has strained European asylum system, and EU member states responded by closing the borders, leaving many refugees stranded in Serbia. Preventing refugees from accessing the territory of EU has led to breeching of the international protection mechanisms and victimization of refugees. Previous research on victimization of refugees is broad but it does not explore victimization on the move. The present study thus fills a research gap and by using descriptive statistics it strives to set foundation for further research. Aim of the study is to explore the prevalence and forms of victimization against the refugee population in Serbia and to provide better understanding of the phenomenon by investigating what types of victimization and perpetrators are refugees exposed to while travelling. Quantitative method in form of descriptive statistics has been used to analyze the data collected from a sample of 153 refugees transiting through Serbia between December 2015 until December 2016. Results of the study show that the most common types of victimization are physical violence and pushbacks by police while irregularly crossing the borders. Further results show that young males are most commonly victimized, while valid results on women could not be drawn due to very low response rate. Since police violence is mostly connected to pushbacks, the great part of victimization of refugees seems to be systematic and carried out as a measure of border control. As such, refugees’ victimization is harsh breeching of humanitarian laws and international conventions. Although the research sample was small, some trends regarding the victimization of refugees on the move could be observed. The study concludes that further systematic research of the phenomenon is needed in order to prevent further victimization and improve the international protection mechanisms and support systems for one of the most vulnerable groups.

The thesis examines the European Union as a mediator in the case of Belgrade-Pristina dialogue. It tends to discover which factors led to lower mediation effectiveness after 2015, by EU's mediation strategy, leverage and coherence. The thesis is designed as a qualitative case study which compares three different stages of the case by implementing a combination of congruence method and process tracing. Drawing for the content and document analysis as well as four interviews conducted and two personal communications, the thesis analyses the factors which influenced effectiveness and compares them throughout three different phases of the mediation. In the end, the analysis shows that while strategy remained the same, levels coherence and leverages changed and concluded that it was the weaking of EU's leverage strength that influenced mediation effectiveness the most.

This thesis analyzes the challenges associated with the countries in socioeconomic and political transition when on the path of integrating into the developed world unions or on the path of fulfilling projected renewable energy targets. As an example country, or as a study case here, The Republic of Serbia has been selected. The thesis addresses the question of how the Renewable Energy Market in Serbia is developing and how are the challenges being addressed. Thesis reveals that main obstacles come from the ownership of the energy and the power gird assets which are still entirely owned and controlled by the State. Due to this fact it is hard to introduce the planned renewable projects, mostly to be developed and owned by foreign entities, and at the same time to be forced to reduce domestic power production out of the thermal power plants. However, by being on the path to the EU, the renewable energy targets and the RES (Renewable Energy Sources) market have to be accomplished and the government has to show full legislative and policy support. It is also realized that there is a significant discrepancy between the "say and do" in the case of The Republic of Serbia, at least so far. The thesis highlights the important driving factors that, despite of the local resistance and sluggishness,...

<p>Predmet istraživanja u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji je definisanje mogućih modaliteta finansiranja ruralnog turizma u Republici Srbiji sa aspekta razvoja turističke ponude. Ruralni turizam je počeo da se razvija u Republici Srbiji 70-tih godina XX veka. Njegova dana&scaron;nja razvijenost ne može se meriti sa razvijeno&scaron;ću ovog vida turizma u evropskim državama sa sličnom dužinom razvojnog perioda. Razlog tome su različiti i brojni faktori kako na strani turističke ponude, tako i na strani tražnje. To su, pre svega, politički, ekonomski, socijalni, pravno-regulativni, institucionalni i organizaciono-upravljački faktori.<br />U okviru svih navedenih faktora može se prepoznati zajednička spona a to su finansije, odnosno nepostojanje modela finansiranja, kako na strani ponude, tako i na strani turističke tražnje. U cilju razvoja ruralnog turizma potrebno je definisati modalitete finansiranja ruralne turističke ponude u svim segmentima, a &scaron;to je i tema ove disertacije. Svakako da je u cilju razvoja ruralnog turizma potrebno i definisati modalitete finansiranja ruralne turističke tražnje, ali ova problematika zahteva posebnu i detaljnu analizu i istraživanje.<br />Finansiranje ruralne turističke ponude je kompleksno jer je usko vezano za finansiranje poljoprivrede. Finansiranje poljoprivrede je, stalno prisutan, a nere&scaron;en problem domaće privrede i ekonomske, odnosno agrarne politike. Neophodno je da se paralelno re&scaron;avaju problemi finansiranja ruralnog turizma i poljoprivrede s obzirom na to da su ove delatnosti uzročno-posledično povezane. Nepovoljan ekonomski i finansijski položaj poljoprivrede uzrokuje da ruralno stanovni&scaron;tvo ne može samostalno da razvija turističku delatnost kroz koju bi moglo da realiziju dodatne prihodi i pobolj&scaron;a životni standard. Razvoj ruralnog turizma može da bude zamajac razvoja poljoprivrede, odnosno privrednog razvoja ruralnih područja i pobolj&scaron;anja nepovoljne demografske situacije u njima. Navedeno je posebno značajno za Republike Srbiju, gde je u procesu odumiranja svako četvrto selo. Razvoj ruralnog turizma omogućio bi pozitivne ekonomske efekte na nivou poljoprivrednih gazdinstava, lokalno-ekonomskih zajednica, kao i na nivou države.<br />Finansijski resursi su jedno od najvećih ograničenja razvoja ruralnog turizma u Republici Srbiji, &scaron;to afirmi&scaron;e temu ove disertacije, odnosno potrebu istraživanja u okviru nje. Finasijski resursi predstavljaju razvojno ograničenje posmatrano sa aspekta: nedovoljnosti - u kvantitativnom pogledu i nedostupnosti kvalitetnih finansijskih resursa.<br />Primarni cilj istraživanja je da se predstave dosada&scaron;nji i aktuelni, te defini&scaron;u potencijalni modaliteti finansiranja ruralnog turizma, odnosno ruralne turističke ponude, u Republici Srbiji. Potencijalni modaliteti finansiranja ruralnog turizma obuhvataju:(1) finansiranje turističke<br />Mr Gordana Đ. Radović Doktorska disertacija<br />&bdquo;Modaliteti finansiranja ruralnog turizma u Republici Srbiji&ldquo;<br />4<br />ponude (u užem smislu) u početnoj fazi organizovanog razvoja;(2) finansiranje turističke ponude (u užem smislu) u razvijenoj fazi;(3) finansiranje razvoja turističkih sadržaja;(4) finansiranje razvoja ruralne infrastrukture;(5) finansiranje razvoja kadrova u ruralnom turizmu;(6) finansiranje razvoja promocije ruralnog turističkog proizvoda;(7) finansiranje razvoja kanala prodaje ruralnog turističkog proizvoda. Sekundarni cilj istraživanja je da se analiziraju faktori koji mogu da imaju uticaja na mogućnost samofinansiranja pružaoca usluga u ruralnom turizmu u Republici Srbiji.<br />U disertaciji se analiziraju iskustva u razvoju i finansiranju ruralnog turizma u Evropskoj uniji, odnosno u Sloveniji, Hrvatskoj, Mađarskoj, Austriji i Rumuniji. Njihovom sintezom dolazi se do zaključaka - predloga relevantnih za finansiranje, ali i redefinisanje domaće ruralne turističke ponude, &scaron;to bi se posredno odrazilo na pobolj&scaron;anje ekonomskog položaja ruralnog turizma u Republici Srbiji, a time i na potencijal samofinansiranja ove delatnosti.</p> / <p>The topic of the research presented in this doctoral thesis is defining the potential modalities of financing the rural tourism in the Republic of Serbia with respect to the development of the tourism offer. Rural tourism began to develop in the Republic of Serbia during the 70s of the 20th century. Its state-of-the-art development cannot be compared to the one existing in other European countries with the similar length of the developmental period. The reasons for this are numerous various factors, both in favour of the tourism offer and the tourism demand. These are primarily political, economic, social, legal and regulatory, institutional, as well as organizational and management factors.<br />A common link can be identified in all of the above factors such as finances, actually the lack of financing models, both with regards to tourism offer and the tourism demand. In order to develop rural tourism, it is necessary to define the financing modalities of the rural tourism offer in all its paradigms, which is the topic of this thesis. Certainly, it is essential to define the financing modalities of the rural tourism demand if the goal is rural tourism development, however, this topic requires a tailor-made and detailed analysis and research.<br />Financing of the rural tourism offer is complex because it is closely related to financing of agriculture in general. The issue of financing agriculture has been omnipresent and yet an unresolved problem of the local economy and agricultural policy. It is mandatory to simultaneously work on solving the issues of financing both the rural tourism and agriculture, taking into account that they show causal relationship. Discouraging economic and financial position of agriculture causes the inability of the rural population to independently develop the tourist activity aimed at generating additional income and improving the living standards. The development of rural tourism can be a driving force of agricultural development, i.e. of the economic development of the rural areas and improvement of unfavourable demographic situation thereof. This is especially important for the Republic of Serbia, where every fourth village is dying out. Rural tourism development would provide positive economic effects on the level of agricultural holdings, local economic communities, as well as on the level of state.<br />Financial resources persist to be one of the biggest limitations of rural tourism development in the Republic of Serbia, which puts forward and supports the topic of this doctoral thesis and the need for the proposed research. Financial resources remain to be the developmental constraint in terms of insufficiency and the unavailability of solid financial resources.<br />Mr Gordana Đ. Radović Doktorska disertacija<br />&bdquo;Modaliteti finansiranja ruralnog turizma u Republici Srbiji&ldquo;<br />7<br />The primary goal of this research is to present the former and current, as well as to define the potential modalities of financing the rural tourism and rural tourism offer in the Republic of Serbia. Plausible rural tourism funding modalities include: (1) financing of tourism offer (in the narrow sense) in the initial stage of structured development; (2) financing of tourism offer (in the narrow sense) in the developed stage; (3) financing the development of tourist facilities; (4) financing the development of rural infrastructure; (5) financing the development of human resources in rural tourism; (6) investing in the development of the rural tourism product promotion; (7) investing in the development of the rural tourism product sales channels. Secondary goal of this research is to analyze the factors that may have an impact on self-financing of the service providers in rural tourism in the Republic of Serbia.<br />The dissertation analyzes various experiences related to the development and financing of rural tourism in the European Union, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Austria and Romania. Synthesizing all of them leads to relevant conclusions and proposals related to funding, but also to redesigning the domestic rural tourism offer, which could indirectly influence improvement of the economic status of rural tourism in Serbia, and consequently the potential to self-finance this activity.</p>

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This study is a qualitative case study which aims to examine how the European Union enlargement politics might affect democratic reforms in Serbia which is a candidate country to the union. To achieve this, two questions were used: 1. How has the EU used normative power to get Serbia to implement democratic reforms and therefore improve their democratic status? 2. Has the EU succeeded, or failed, in getting Serbia to improve democratic reforms? The theoretical framework the study is based on is Ian Manners theory about normative power. Manners emphasized six strategies on how norms and values that the EU maintains are spread. The study uses documents and reports from the European Unions, as well as Freedom House, V-Dem, Transparency International and The World Justice Project. The conclusions that can be drawn from the study is that the EU uses different strategies to get Serbia to implement reforms to improve their democratic status. Despite this, Serbia has completed limited reforms and therefore the conclusion is that EU use of normative power has only been partially successful.

This Project Work looks into the communicational dimension of onedevelopment strategy for rural development through tourism in rural areas ofwestern Serbia. In 2011 the regional Development agency of Uzice -‘Zlatibor’, together with the Camping Association of Serbia started a projectof mini camping sites in the rural areas of western Serbia. The aim was tomeet an unemployment issue by capacitating and empowering locals to takean active part in rural camping tourism. The purpose of this study is todetermine both strengths and weaknesses in the development project from acommunicational point of view. The methods used to gather data in thisresearch are qualitative semi structured interviews and participantobservation. The study examines the presence and/or absence of C4D in thestrategy’s planning and implementation, and considers ways in which astronger and clearer focus on C4D could lead to enhancement of the processof community-based development in the rural area and building of touristcapacities within the local community. The findings of the study indicate thatan unclear responsibility sharing between stakeholders and neglecting of thecommunicational aspect in the planning and implementation of the projectcould lead to an insufficient communication among participants. This lackingcommunication has shown to suppress the full potential of the developmentproject.

This thesis presents a critical overview of a supernatural being, the South Slavic vila, as she figures in the oral traditions of Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian peasants collected in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The thesis returns to the conceptual frame of older primary texts (here titled survey studies) used by comparative scholars and updates this work with the knowledge gleaned from a century of research and theory in the fields of folkloristics and historical anthropology. These materials are presented in a distributive frequency analysis model such as those often employed by the Historical-Geographic school of folklore research, but the study is built on a foundation informed by the insights of Milman Parry and Albert Lord’s researches into the diffusion of oral traditions. These traditions are further refined by focusing on the singers, storytellers and believers who used the vila in an emic manner balanced at a nexus point between artistic innovation and traditional dictates. The data is also further contextualized with a focus on the embedded nature of these cultural expressions and a clear portrait of the contexts surrounding their collection and publication in a wider cultural sphere. The aim of the thesis is to present a comprehensive description of the vila’s role in oral traditions to serve as a primary source for scholars doing comparative or interpretive work, as well as to provide a clearer picture of the contexts of the materials to refine such research. In doing so, this thesis produces a comprehensive method and model that can be applied to other supernatural beings, repatriates oral arts back to their original purveyors by undoing academic silencing of subaltern voices and returns critical context to inherited traditions once stripped of them by romantic academic theories. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy