Dairy producers in the Netherlands are struggling to stay in business due to increased environmental legislation, population density, intensity of farming systems, costs of production and quota restrictions. One option available to Netherlands dairy farmers is to liquidate the value of their assets, put the money into an international bank, and buy an established dairy farm in the United States. The primary objective of this research is to compare the economic viability of a Netherlands dairy farmer staying in the Netherlands versus moving to the United States, assuming they will bring over all of their equity to put towards the purchase of a U.S. farm. The hypothesis that a Dutch dairy farmer would have a greater probability of economic success by relocating to the U.S was tested using a whole farm simulation model (FLIPSIM) to simulate the economic activity of a representative dairy farm in the Netherlands and 23 representative U.S. dairy farms in the major dairy producing regions over the 2002-2011 planning horizon. FLIPSIM generated an empirical probability distribution for net present value to rank the representative farms using stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) for risk neutral and risk averse decision makers. The FLIPSIM results showed that six of the twenty-three U.S. dairy farms would give the Dutch farmer a 99% chance of economic success. The added risk on income in the U.S. would result in these U.S. farms having a 1 to 99% chance of negative ending cash reserves (ECR) and a 1 to 99% chance of negative net cash farm income (NCFI). In a complete SERF analysis, seventeen of the twenty-three U.S. farms were preferred over the Dutch farm. In conclusion, the research shows Dutch dairy farmers with adequate equity would be financially better off by relocating to the U.S. if they desire to continue dairying, rather than staying in the Netherlands.

La question de l’évolution des conditions serviles depuis la fin du Bas-Empire jusqu’au Xè siècle a suscité depuis la seconde moitié du XIXè siècle un foisonnement de positions contrastées tant sur les plans de l’idéologie, de la chronologie que du vocabulaire.A cet immense problème ont d’abord répondu l’école historique de la fin du XIXè siècle, puis l’apport des idées nouvelles de Marc Bloch et l’essai de synthèse de Charles Verlinden.La perspective néo-marxiste, l’école fiscaliste, les historiens allemands, de même que quelques positions isolées et régionales, comme celles de Paul Veyne, ont nourri le débat ultérieur.La présente étude s’est donc donnée pour ambition de tenter un nouvel examen d’un grand nombre de sources permettant de reconsidérer ce grand mouvement.Le mot « esclave » n’exprime pas la à lui seul la réalité de ce phénomène.Le cadre chronologique, 371-918, exprime ce paradoxe au travers de deux événements : le premier le décret de Valentinien 1er généralisant la fixation au sol des paysans d’ Illyricum, et le second la première mention du terme « sclavus » dans un diplôme de Konrad 1er en 918.Ainsi donc, jusqu’à l’avènement des carolingiens, la période romano-barbare semble maintenir une conception romaine de l’asservissement, avec toutefois l’apport des pratiques barbares et des balbutiements de l’action de l’Église.Au delà, dans un cadre politique stabilisé, les bases de la transformation vers le servage se fortifient grâce à son rôle croissant.Au Xè siècle, l’asservi est un homme différent de celui du IXè siècle. Il est devenu un paysan vivant de ses propres biens sur un sol appartenant au roi, à l’Église ou à la noblesse. / The question concerning the evolution of servile conditions from the end of the Early-Empire until the 10th century has aroused since the second half of the 19th century a proliferation of contrasting positions in terms of ideology, chronology and vocabulary.Attempts to provide an answer to this immense problem first emerged from the historical school at the end of the 19th century, followed by some new ideas contributed by Marc Bloch and summarized in an essay by Charles Verlinden.The neo-Marxist perspective, the fiscalist school, German historians, and one or two isolated and regional positions, like those of Paul Veyne, have fuelled the debate ever since.The mere term “slave” does not do justice to the reality of such a phenomenon.The chronological framework, 371-918, expresses this paradox through two events: the first, the decree by Valentinian I generalising the grounding of Illyricum peasants, and the second, the first reference to the term “sclavus‖ in a Conrad I diploma in 918.And so, up until the rise of the Carolingiens, the Romano-barbarian period would seem to maintain a Roman conception of subjugation, nourished all the same by the contribution of some Barbaric practices and the earliest signs of action on the part of the Church.Beyond this, the foundations of the transformation towards servitude are fortified thanks to the growing role of a stabilised political contextThus, in the 10th century, the subjugated man differs from his 9th century counterpart. He has become a peasant living off his own assets on a land belonging to the king, the Church or the nobility.

Master of Science / Department of Agricultural Economics / Jeffery R. Williams / This study examines the economic profitability of reduced-tillage and no-tillage systems for corn, soybeans, and grain sorghum production in annual rotation with winter wheat, and monoculture wheat and grain sorghum in south-central Kansas. Net returns to land and management per acre for each of 13 production systems are calculated several different ways. Net returns are calculated using the 10-year average yield for each crop, the average crop price from 2009, and 2009 input prices. A distribution of net returns is also calculated using the actual historical yields and crop prices from 1997 to 2006 and 2009 input prices. This process is repeated, except average crop prices from 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 are now used. Finally, net returns are calculated using simulated yield and price distributions based on actual historical yields, four historical monthly price series, and 2009 input costs. Overall, the reduced-tillage wheat-soybean systems (RTWS) have the greatest net returns for each of the net return distributions. No-tillage wheat-soybean (NTWS) generally has the second highest net returns. Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function (SERF) is used to determine the preferred management strategies under various risk preferences. SERF analysis indicates that RTWS is the system most preferred by all producers, regardless of their level of risk aversion. NTWS is typically the second most preferred system to RTWS. Using historical annual prices for 1997 to 2006 and the simulated monthly prices series for 2006 to 2009 and 2007 to 2009 to calculate the net return distributions, managers with higher levels of risk aversion prefer reduced-tillage wheat-grain sorghum (RTWG) over no-tillage wheat-soybean (NTWS). Sensitivity analysis shows that as the price of glyphosate falls, no-till systems become relatively more profitable. SERF analysis using the historic yields, 2006 to 2009 simulated monthly prices, and 2009 input costs with reduced glyphosate prices indicate that NTWS would be the system most preferred by producers at all levels of risk aversion. RTWS closely follows NTWS as the next preferred system with those conditions also for all levels of risk aversion.

This thesis presents a review of educational-escape-room literature followed by a design-oriented framework (the Snyder Escape Room Framework or SERF) and demonstrates the potential efficacy of escape-rooms in cybersecurity education. Several authors have proposed frameworks and guidelines for game and educational design regarding escape rooms. This work coalesces some of those ideas into a more substantial and comprehensive framework (SERF) that designers can use when developing educational escape rooms. The Snyder Escape Room Framework provides heuristics for goals and objectives, players, activities, context, trajectory design, and evaluation. Additionally, this work describes and analyzes the novel prototyped BYU GCC escape room experience and delves into some of what was successful and what could be improved. The first sessions of the experience were observed and documented, and an expert review was performed. Participants did not gain much confidence in learning new technology; however, they did increase their confidence in using new technology through the experience. Participants did indeed learn from the experience, however, participants focused more on team-related concepts gained from the experience rather than the cybersecurity concepts introduced through the escape-room activities. Based on overwhelming positive responses, participants seemed to enjoy performing the experience. The BYU experience is evaluated against the Snyder Framework as an example of how to use the framework while designing or as a tool for evaluating. Using this framework systemizes and catalogues design choices and implications on the room and provides an informed approach for refinement. Applying the Snyder Escape Room Framework to the BYU experience provides further insight beyond just an expert review, and the BYU experience is a novel example to use with SERF. SERF gives a vocabulary and set of heuristics that help designers zero in on important design decisions. Using the framework provides a well-defined set of attributes for discussing the BYU experience and helps clarify what went well with the room and what could be improved upon. This is especially helpful when iterating on room design. The nature of Snyder Framework and this work is that it is multidisciplinary and touches a wide array of related fields and topics. Of note, are the implications of this work on educational games. The SERF can be used as a resource when designing similar experiences while the analysis of the BYU experience based on the SERF provides an example of how the framework can be used for evaluation and iteration.

L'expression génique est régulée à de nombreuses étapes de la vie cellulaire. La synthèse des protéines ou traduction, étape ultime de cette expression, est finement régulée. Elle comporte trois phases: l'initiation, l'élongation et la terminaison. L'initiation commence par l'établissement de la sous-unité ribosomique 40S sur cet ARNm qu'elle balaye ensuite jusqu'au codon initiation. Pour cela, des facteurs canoniques sont impliqués. Parmi eux, le facteur eIF3 interagit directement avec celle-ci. Au cours de mes travaux, j'ai étudié dans une première partie l'interaction putative entre le facteur eIF3 et la petite sous-unité ribosomique 40S. Le ribosome est constitué par deux types d'entités : des protéines ribosomiques et l'ARNr. Le facteur eIF3, contient au moins 13 sous-unités, dont deux possèdent un RRM, et sont potentiellement capables de lier cet ARNr via leur RRM: p44 et p116. eIF3p44 a montré auparavant qu'elle pouvait lier l'ARNr 18S. J'ai effectué un criblage d'une banque de fragments de cet ARNr pour identifier un site de liaison de p44 sur la sous-unité 40S. Les ARNm néo-synthétisés sont transportés et localisés afin de permettre l'expression des protéines au moment opportun et en un lieu précis de la cellule. Dans une deuxième partie, j'ai étudié des interactions impliquées dans le contrôle de l'initiation de la traduction d'un ARNm localisé chez la levure S. cerevisiae pendant son transport : l'ARNm ASH1. Il est régulé par Khd1p, protéine à trois domaines KH, qui lie directement un de ses éléments de localisation. Cette interaction est abolie par la phosphorylation de Khd1p lorsque l'ARNm est correctement localisé.

Une question demeure récurrente : les divisions qui subsistent depuis le XVIè siècle entre Catholiques, Luthériens et Réformés sont-elles autant d’ordre anthropologique que théologique ? Cette problématique paraissant pouvoir être soutenue, il convenait alors de déterminer les différends anthropologiques, de les analyser et de se demander s’ils sont une entrave à la Κοινωνία. L’étude de la situation au XVIè siècle a permis de conclure que les concepts anthropologiques portés par une philosophie existentielle ont joué un rôle important dans la rupture au sein de l’Église d’Occident. Le retour sur la pensée de Pannenberg, Moltmann, Rahner, théologiens de trois confessions différentes, autorise à dire qu’au XXè siècle la vision de l’homme a toujours une incidence sur les concepts théologiques, mais les différences sont de moins en moins séparatrices et deviennent souvent des dons à partager. L’analyse de dialogues œcuméniques a mis en évidence que les différends anthropothéologiques ont été partiellement réconciliés et font l’objet d’accords, voire d’une déclaration commune sur la Doctrine de la Justification. Aujourd’hui, un défi reste à relever celui d’une déclaration sur le Ministère en vue du partage à la même table eucharistique. Une démarche de consensus différencié serait une aide à la recherche d’une pleine communion. / An issue has been ever recurring : are the discords which have been going on since sixteenth century between Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists as much anthropological as theological ? As this question can be supported it seems suitable to determine these anthropological disagreements, analyse them and wonder whether or not they are obstacle to the Κοινωνία. A study concerning the situation during the XVIth century has allowed to conclude that the anthropological concepts conveyed by an existential philosophy have played a mojor role in the severing within the Western Church. The return on the thoughts developed by Pannenberg, Moltmann and Rahner, theologians of three different confessions, allows us to tell that in the XXth. century man’s vision has always an incidence on the theological concepts but are less and less separative and are often gifts to be shared. The analysis of ecumenical dialogues have clearly shown that theanthropological disagreements have been partly reconciled and are now subject to consensus, even a joint declaration on the doctrine of justification. Today we have to take up a challenge about a declaration on the ministry in order to share the body of Christ at the same table. A differing consensus method could be a help to find a complete communion.

Ce mémoire a pour but de montrer que le premier tournant herméneutique de Paul Ricœur en 1960 gravite essentiellement autour de la problématique de la volonté mauvaise. Nous soutenons autrement dit que Ricœur a initialement donné une tournure herméneutique à sa philosophie pour penser le serf-arbitre, c’est-à-dire pour penser la liberté captive d’elle-même. Afin de rendre compte adéquatement de ce tournant, notre attention sera principalement dirigée vers le deuxième tome de la Philosophie de la volonté de Ricœur, Finitude et culpabilité. Notre question se pose ainsi : comment et pourquoi, dans une problématique du mal, Ricœur entame-t-il son tournant herméneutique? Pour y répondre, nous expliciterons le parcours de Ricœur allant de L’homme faillible à La symbolique du mal. Nous verrons dans un premier temps que si le philosophe arrive à thématiser le concept de faillibilité à partir d’une ontologie de la disproportion, si la réflexion a accès à la possibilité du mal, il n’en ira pas de même pour le noème inintelligible que constitue le mal moral. Afin de penser la faute, nous verrons que Ricœur se tournera vers l’herméneutique en se mettant à l’écoute du langage de l’aveu. Ainsi, dans la deuxième partie de notre mémoire, nous expliciterons les trois moments de compréhension (phénoménologique, herméneutique et réflexif) propre à l’herméneutique philosophique de Ricœur de 1960. / The purpose of this dissertation is to show that the first hermeneutics turn of Paul Ricœur in 1960 essentially revolves around the problematic of bad will. We argue ie that Ricœur initially gave a hermeneutics twist to his philosophy to think the servile will, that is the freedom captive of itself. To properly account for this turn, our attention was mainly directed to the second volume of the Philosophy of the Will of Ricœur, Faillible man and The symbolism of evil. Our question is this : how and why, in a problematic of evil, Ricœur starts his hermeneutics turn? To answer this question, we will explain the course of Ricœur from Fallible man to The Symbolism of evil. We will see at first that if the philosopher comes to thematize the concept of fallibility from an ontology of disproportion, if the reflection has access to the possibility of evil, it does not go well for the unintelligible noema that is moral evil. To think of the fault, we will see that Ricœur will turn to hermeneutics is by listening to the language of confession. Thus, in the second part of our dissertation, we will explain the three stages of understanding (phenomenological, hermeneutics and reflexive) to own philosophical hermeneutics of Ricœur 1960.

Ce mémoire a pour but de montrer que le premier tournant herméneutique de Paul Ricœur en 1960 gravite essentiellement autour de la problématique de la volonté mauvaise. Nous soutenons autrement dit que Ricœur a initialement donné une tournure herméneutique à sa philosophie pour penser le serf-arbitre, c’est-à-dire pour penser la liberté captive d’elle-même. Afin de rendre compte adéquatement de ce tournant, notre attention sera principalement dirigée vers le deuxième tome de la Philosophie de la volonté de Ricœur, Finitude et culpabilité. Notre question se pose ainsi : comment et pourquoi, dans une problématique du mal, Ricœur entame-t-il son tournant herméneutique? Pour y répondre, nous expliciterons le parcours de Ricœur allant de L’homme faillible à La symbolique du mal. Nous verrons dans un premier temps que si le philosophe arrive à thématiser le concept de faillibilité à partir d’une ontologie de la disproportion, si la réflexion a accès à la possibilité du mal, il n’en ira pas de même pour le noème inintelligible que constitue le mal moral. Afin de penser la faute, nous verrons que Ricœur se tournera vers l’herméneutique en se mettant à l’écoute du langage de l’aveu. Ainsi, dans la deuxième partie de notre mémoire, nous expliciterons les trois moments de compréhension (phénoménologique, herméneutique et réflexif) propre à l’herméneutique philosophique de Ricœur de 1960. / The purpose of this dissertation is to show that the first hermeneutics turn of Paul Ricœur in 1960 essentially revolves around the problematic of bad will. We argue ie that Ricœur initially gave a hermeneutics twist to his philosophy to think the servile will, that is the freedom captive of itself. To properly account for this turn, our attention was mainly directed to the second volume of the Philosophy of the Will of Ricœur, Faillible man and The symbolism of evil. Our question is this : how and why, in a problematic of evil, Ricœur starts his hermeneutics turn? To answer this question, we will explain the course of Ricœur from Fallible man to The Symbolism of evil. We will see at first that if the philosopher comes to thematize the concept of fallibility from an ontology of disproportion, if the reflection has access to the possibility of evil, it does not go well for the unintelligible noema that is moral evil. To think of the fault, we will see that Ricœur will turn to hermeneutics is by listening to the language of confession. Thus, in the second part of our dissertation, we will explain the three stages of understanding (phenomenological, hermeneutics and reflexive) to own philosophical hermeneutics of Ricœur 1960.

Jan Lhoták Borough landed estate of Sušice. From borough villages to abolition of corvee and its results (abstract) The aim of this doctoral thesis lies in its contribution to a complex problem of economic development of Czech landowning towns in the post-White Mountain period. The research is focused on a selected problem of town feudalisation, i. e. analysis of the importance as well as extent of their seignorial activities. Czech historiography has dealt with such a topic rather marginally, because towns used to be understood as a strange element in feudal environment, which on the contrary created conditions for social modernisation. Aristocratic (chamber) or church landed estates used to be studied as a matter of priority. Introductory chapter balances current research on the topic of borough landed estates. General survey of the research in Western Europe is presented first. Seignorial ambitions of towns are part and parcel of a vast outlined study of mutual relation between the town and the country. The topic has already been applicated in archaeology and medievistics. For the Early Modern period the research has been fragmented between agrarian and urban history, the methods of which approach the topic with various results (above all the work of Adolf Zeman about Pilsen and Rokycany in the 18th...

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