Serums from 270 llamas representing 21 farms throughout Oregon were obtained and assayed for antibody levels against viruses of livestock. These viral diseases included: bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), parainfluenza-3 (PI-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine adenovirus species 3 (BA3), equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), equine adenovirus (EA), equine influenza, subtypes 1 and 2 (EI-1, EI-2), equine viral arteritis (EVA), ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP), bluetongue (BT), vesicular stomatitis, New Jersey strain and Indiana strain (VSV-NJ, VSV-IN), and llama adenovirus strain 7649 (LA7649). Antibodies to Ehrlichia risticii (ER), the rickettsia) organism causing Potomac horse fever (PHF), were also assayed. Of the 270 llamas, 252 had antibodies to LA7649. A total of 60 llamas possessed antibodies to various viruses associated with livestock disease. Seven of these llamas had antibodies to more than one virus (excluding LA7649). Forty three exhibited antibodies to EA, 12 to BVD, and 12 to PI-3. Four had antibodies to BTV, 2 to BHV-1, and 2 to EI-1. One had antibodies to EI-2, one to EHV-1, and one to BRSV. All 270 llamas lacked antibodies to EVA, BA3, VSV-NJ, VSV-IN, OPP and ER. Presence and type of livestock were noted on each farm. Whether a llama was born on the farm or purchased and the length of time the llama had been on the farm was also noted. / Graduation date: 1993

This thesis is about protein profiling in blood-derived samples using suspension bead ar- rays built with protein affinity reagents, and the evaluation of binding characteristics and potential disease relation of such profiles. A central aim of the presented work was to discover and verify disease associated protein profiles in blood-derived samples such as serum or plasma. This was based on immobiliz- ing antigens or antibodies on color-coded beads for a multiplexed analysis. This concept generally allow for a dual multiplexing because hundreds of samples can be screened for hundreds of proteins in a miniaturized and parallelized fashion. At first, protein antigens were used to study humoral immune responses in cattle suffering from a mycoplasma infec- tion (Paper I). Here, the most immunogenic of the applied antigens were identified based on reactivity profiles from the infected cattle, and were combined into an antigen cocktail to serve as a diagnostic assay in a standard ELISA set-up. Next, antibodies and their em- ployment in assays with directly labeled human samples was initiated. This procedure was applied in a study of kidney disorders where screening of plasma resulted in the discovery of a biomarker candidate, fibulin-1 (Paper II). In parallel to the disease related applica- tions, systematic evaluations of the protein profiles were conducted. Protein profiles from 2,300 antibodies were classified on the bases of binding properties in relation to sample heating and stringent washing (Paper III). With a particular focus on heat dependent de- tectability, a method was developed to visualize those proteins that were captured to the beads in an immunoassay by using Western blotting (Paper IV). In conclusion, this thesis presents examples of the possibilities of comparative plasma profiling enabled by protein bead arrays. / <p>QC 20130208</p>

A retrospective study of invasive pneumococcal disease in patients from Greater Göteborg in 1964- 1980 identified 125 cases of meningitis, 305 of pneumonia, 61 of septicemia with unknown focus, and 17 with other manifestations, all verified by cultures from normally sterile body fluids. The incidence was several times higher in infants and in the elderly than in any other age-group. A wide variety of underlying conditions were present in 23% of the infants, 34% of the children, and 81% of the adults. In adults alcoholism was known in one third of the cases. The case fatality rate was 24% among patients with underlying conditions and 9% among previously healthy individuals. The case fatality rate was 50% in patients with hospital-acquired infection. Twohundred-fifteen pneumococcal strains, isolated from blood or CSF from 1971 to 1983 at the laboratories of clinical bacteriology of Göteborg, Malmö, and Umeå were serotyped by coagglutination (COA). Of all isolates, 89% belonged to serotypes represented in the 23-valent vaccine. In a separate study COA was compared with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). COA was found to have several advantages; rapidity, lower cost, and ability to disclose serotypes with neutral charge, which constituted 19% of all strains. In a prospective study the etiology was determined in 196 hospitalized patients with pneumonia, most of them community-acquired. Culture of specimens from blood, transtracheal aspirate (TTA), sputum, and nasopharynx, assays of antigen in sputum, urine, and TTA, and assays of pneumococcal antibodies to capsular polysaccharide, C-polysaccharide, and pneumolysin in paired sera were performed. The etiology was established in 64% of the patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common agent (32%). In a serological study of patients with pneumococcal infection, diagnosed by culture of CSF, TTA, or blood, IgG antibodies against C-polysaccharide and pneumolysin were determined by ELISA. The diagnostic sensitivity was only 51% and 60%, respectively. In conclusion, invasive pneumococcal disease is strongly overrepresented at tender and high age and in patients with concomitant conditions, notably alcoholism. S. pneumoniae remains a predominant causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults needing hospitalization. Due to the low sensitivity and/or specificity of individual microbiological techniques, a combined use of several techniques is necessary when trying to assess the relative importance of pneumococci and other agents in pneumonia. Extended use of the currently available pneumococcal vaccine and development of improved pneumococcal vaccines seem highly warranted. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1993, härtill 5 uppsatser.</p> / digitalisering@umu.se

Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) causes yield and quality losses in potato. PLRV is identified by plant symptoms and serological tests such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A similar serological test, direct tissue blotting assay (DTBA), was used to detect and monitor PLRV movement in field-inoculated Russet Burbank plants and plant tissues from Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah seed tubers submitted by growers for winter certification tests. DTBA was as accurate as ELISA and easier to use for detecting tuber-perpetuated PLRV in stems and petioles of plants grown from grower-submitted seed tubers. ELISA detected twice as many PLRV positives as DTBA in leaflet tests. DTBA detected PLRV in tuber tissue but results matched ELISA in only 74% or less of the samples. Results of DTBA tuber tests were sometimes difficult to interpret while stem and petiole results were distinct and unambiguous. As inoculations were delayed later in the season and as plants matured, PLRV infection levels decreased sharply, most often within a two week period in early July. In same-age plants inoculated 43 days after planting but 18 days apart, early inoculation produced higher PLRV levels. Conversely, when same-age plants were inoculated 62 days after planting but 19 days apart, late inoculation produced higher PLRV levels. This discrepancy is not fully understood, but larger tuber size at the later inoculation probably produced a stronger sink for source-to-sink translocation of nutrients and phloem-limited viruses. Results of DTBA winter grow-out tests of summer-infected tubers approximated those of ELISA and visual inspections. Indirect DTBA testing of tubers utilizing stem and petiole tissues from winter growout plants detected more PLRV than directly testing tuber tissue 21 days post inoculation in summer. DTBA detected current season (primary) PLRV less reliably than secondary (tuber-borne) PLRV, similar to reported ELISA results. PLRV infection increased tuber numbers but decreased size. Size reduction was most evident in plants infected early in the season. Average tuber size in healthy plots was always larger than the average tuber size in infected plots. Within an infected plant, small tubers tended to be infected less often than large tubers. / Graduation date: 1993

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1947. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2010. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Salmonella est la deuxième cause de zoonoses humaines dans l’Union Européenne et représente un enjeu majeur pour la filière porcine. Les sérovars, S. Typhimurium, S. Derby et le variant monophasique de S. Typhimurium sont très prévalents chez le porc et également chez les humains. Les objectifs de ces travaux étaient d’établir la dynamique d’infection chez le porc par Salmonella en condition d’élevage conventionnel et expérimental, d’évaluer le pouvoir colonisateur chez le porc et le pouvoir pathogène chez les humains des trois sérovars. En élevage conventionnel, le suivi sérologique des anticorps anti-Salmonella a permis d’évaluer l’âge moyen de séroconversion à 137 jours et d’identifier un « effet ferme » sur l’âge de séroconversion. Le premier essai en condition expérimentale a mis en évidence que les porcs inoculés avec le variant monophasique de S. Typhimurium excrétaient ce sérovar de façon continue dans les fèces. Aux dates d’autopsies 21, 49 ou 84 jours après inoculation, les salmonelles ont été retrouvées dans les différentes parties de l’intestin, dans les nœuds lymphatiques et à des niveaux très élevés dans les amygdales. Après passage dans le tractus digestif, des profils MLVA différents de celui de la souche inoculée ont été identifiés suggérant que le génome de la souche a évolué. Le deuxième essai visant à comparer le pouvoir colonisateur chez le porc des trois sérovars a montré que la dynamique d’excrétion et de colonisation était similaire quel que soit le sérovar. Cependant, la quantité excrétée était significativement différente ; plus élevée avec le variant monophasique par rapport à S.Typhimurium. Le pouvoir pathogène chez l’homme de 15 souches d’origine porcine appartenant aux 3 sérovars a été évalué in vivo sur un modèle insecte Galleria mellonella, et in vitro sur cellules Caco-2. Les souches se sont révélées être potentiellement virulentes. Sur Caco-2, le variant monophasique avait un pourcentage d’adhésion aux cellules le plus élevé et Derby le plus bas. Différents niveaux de virulence ont été observés entre souches d’un même sérovar. Ce travail a apporté des nouvelles connaissances sur la problématique Salmonella en filière porcine. / Salmonella is the second leading cause of human zoonoses in the European Union and represents a major challenge for the pork industry. Serovars S. Typhimurium, S. Derby and the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium, implicated in human salmonellosis, are highly prevalent in pigs and also in human. The objectives of this research were to establish the infection dynamics in pigs by Salmonella under conventional and experimental rearing conditions, to evaluate pig colonization ability and pathogenicity in humans of the three serovars. In conventional farms, the serological monitoring of Salmonella antibodies allowed to evaluate the average age of seroconversion at 137 days and to identify a "farm effect" on the age of seroconversion. The first trial under experimental conditions revealed that pigs inoculated with the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium excreted this serovar continuously in the feces. At autopsy dates 21, 49 or 84 days after inoculation, Salmonella were found in the different parts of the intestine, in the lymph nodes and at very high levels in the tonsils. After passage through the digestive tract, different MLVA profiles from that of the inoculated strain were identified suggesting that the genome of the strain has evolved. The second attempt to compare the colonizing ability in the pigs of the three serovars showed that the dynamics of excretion and colonization were similar regardless of the serovar. However, the amount excreted was significantly different: higher with the monophasic variant compared to S. Typhimurium. The pathogenicity in humans of 15 strains of porcine origin belonging to the 3 serovars was evaluated in vivo on an insect model Galleria mellonella, and in vitro on Caco-2 cells. The strains were found to be potentially virulent. On Caco-2, the monophasic variant had the highest cell adhesion percentage and Derby, the lowest. Different levels of virulence were observed between strains of the same serovar. This work brought new knowledge on the Salmonella issue in the pig sector.

Base teórica: O tratamento dos pacientes hemofílicos no Brasil apresentou avanços importantes nos últimos anos. Passamos de uma realidade de tratamento sob demanda, com quantitativos de fatores de coagulação insuficientes segundo o preconizado pela Federação Mundial de Hemofilia, para uma situação de programas de profilaxia primária, imunotolerância e fatores de coagulação recombinantes. A análise dos dados obtidos através do registro dos pacientes origina as informações imprescindíveis à concepção, gestão e avaliação de um programa público desta monta. O Ministério da Saúde, através do Perfil das Coagulopatias Hereditárias no Brasil, tem publicado de forma sistemática os resultados da compilação dos dados enviados pelos diferentes centros de tratamento do país. Nessas publicações ficam evidentes o sub-registro, ou a subavaliação, de dados clínicos imprescindíveis ao adequado tratamento destes pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar as características epidemiológicas e clínicas dos pacientes portadores de hemofilia no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 01 de janeiro de 2003 a 31 de dezembro de 2007, uma vez que não foram encontrados estudos epidemiológicos publicados sobre a realidade nacional ou regional dos pacientes hemofílicos, anteriores ao acima descrito, em nosso país. Métodos: Este estudo avaliou de forma histórica os pacientes com diagnóstico de hemofilia no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram consultados dois bancos de dados: o cadastro de portadores de coagulopatias hereditárias do Hemocentro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (HEMORGS), bem como seus registros de prontuário, e os arquivos do Laboratório de Hemostasia do Departamento de Genética da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram incluídos no estudo todos os pacientes cadastrados no HEMORGS até 31/12/2007 e aqueles cujo exame realizado no Laboratório de Hemostasia do Departamento de Genética da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul confirmou o diagnóstico de hemofilia e que ainda não haviam sido cadastrados. O registro constou de dados demográficos como data de nascimento, idade, raça/cor, sexo, data do diagnóstico, procedência e local de tratamento. Também foram levantados a prevalência de complicações crônicas da hemofilia como acometimento musculoesquelético, presença de inibidores e infecções relacionadas às transfusões ou infusões de fatores de coagulação e os produtos empregados na terapêutica, tais como fatores de coagulação liofilizados derivados de plasma humano e recombinantes, antifibrinolíticos, hemocomponentes e outros. Por fim, os óbitos ocorridos nos últimos cinco anos também foram analisados. Conclusão: Os recentes avanços no tratamento da hemofilia no Brasil são inegáveis. Entretanto, o impacto destes avanços na situação clínica e qualidade de vida dos pacientes hemofílicos serão de difícil avaliação, uma vez que são poucos os estudos que avaliam as condições clínicas e complicações relacionadas ao tratamento destes. Os dados obtidos através dos Perfis das Coagulopatias Hereditárias no Brasil, indicam claramente o sub-registro e a sub-avaliação nesta população de pacientes. Neste trabalho, realizamos um amplo perfil epidemiológico e clínico da população de pacientes portadores de hemofilia no estado do Rio Grande do Sul em um período não compreendido por estudos prévios. / Theoretical basis: The treatment of hemophilia patients in Brazil has made important advances in recent years. At first the treatment was on demand with insuficent clotting factors according to the World Federation of Hemophilia, than the reality changed improving considerably including primary prevention programs, immune tolerance and sufficient recombinant clotting factors. The analysis of data obtained from the patient record information are essential to the design, management and evaluation of a public health program. The Ministry of Health (MOH), through the Profile of Hereditary Coagulopathies in Brazil, has published systematically the data compilation, results reported by the country's different treatment centers. These publications demonstrate underreporting, or underdiagnosis, data essential to provide adequate treatment for these patients. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with hemophilia in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2007, since there are no epidemiological studies on the national reality or regional of hemophiliacs, patients prior to the above, in our country. Methods: This study evaluated the medical records of patients diagnosed with hemophilia in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Two databases were consulted: The registration of patients with hereditary the Blood Bank of the Rio Grande do Sul State coagulopathies (HEMORGS) and the Hemostasis Laboratory of the Department of Genetics of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul files. The study included all patients enrolled in HEMORGS until 31/12/2007 and those whose examination conducted in the Laboratory hemostasis of the Genetics Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul confirmed the diagnosis of hemophilia and who had not yet been registered. We retrieved data in regard to age, skin color, sex, date of diagnosis, origin and place of treatment, prevalence of chronic complications including musculoskeletal involvement, presence of inhibitors and infections related to transfusion or infusion of coagulation factors and products used in therapy, such as coagulation factors lyophilized derived from human and recombinant plasma antifibrinolytic agents, and other blood components. Also, the deaths in the past five years were also analyzed. Conclusion: Recent advances in the treatment of hemophilia in Brazil are undeniable. However, the impact of these advances in the clinical situation and quality of life of hemophilia patients are difficult to assess, since there are few studies evaluating the clinical conditions and treatment-related complications. The data obtained from the Hereditary Coagulopathies profiles in Brazil, clearly indicate underreporting and under-estimation in this patient population. We carried out an extensive clinical and epidemiological profile of the population of patients with hemophilia in Rio Grande do Sul state in a period not investigated by previous studies.

Ehrlichia canis e Anaplasma platys são parasitas de células sanguíneas transmitidos por carrapatos de larga distribuição mundial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar a presença de E. canis e A. platys em cães naturalmente infectados no município de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, através de técnicas sorológicas e moleculares; realizar análise molecular dos agentes através do sequenciamento de um fragmento do gene 16S rRNA e compará-lo com sequências disponíveis no Genbank. Adicionalmente, avaliamos os parâmetros hematológicos e possíveis fatores de risco associados à infecção. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 146 cães residentes no Bairro Arquipélago, região suburbana de Porto Alegre e 53 cães mantidos no Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ). Dentre os animais analisados, 27 (13,56%) apresentaram resultado positivo na nPCR e 20 (10,2%) apresentaram sorologia positiva para A. platys. Através da ferramenta BLASTn, as sequências obtidas neste estudo foram comparadas e mostraram similaridade de 99,75% a 100% em relação a outras sequências de A. platys disponíveis no Genbank. Neste estudo não foi observada a presença de E. canis. DNA do agente não foi amplificado em nenhuma das amostras analisadas através de técnicas moleculares, e tampouco foram detectados cães sororreagentes, indicando a baixa prevalência do agente no município. Ao comparar a prevalência de infecção/exposição entre as populações estudadas, não observamos diferença significativa entre elas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos e fatores de risco analisados nos animais infectados ou expostos, exceto a contagem de basófilos, que foi associada positivamente com infecção por A. platys. / Erlichia canis and Anaplasma platys are tick borne disease which has a worldwide geographic distribution. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of E. canis and A. platys in naturally infected dogs in Porto Alegre/RS – Brazil by serological and molecular techniques, performing molecular analysis of the agents by sequencing of a fragment of the 16S rRNA and comparing it with sequences available in Genbank. Additionally, we evaluated the hematological parameters and potential risk factors associated with infection. Blood samples were collected from 146 dogs living in the Arquipelago neighborhood, a suburban area of Porto Alegre and 53 dogs from Control Centrer of Zoonosis (CCZ). Among the examined animals, 27 (13.56%) were positive by nPCR and 20 (10.2%) were seropositive for A. platys. Through the BLASTn, the sequences obtained in this study were compared and showed similarity of 99.75% to 100% as compared to other sequences of A. platys available in Genbank. None of the dogs showed antibodies or E. canis DNA, indicating the low occurrence of the agent in Porto Alegre. There were no significant differences between positive groups and hematological parameters, or among the risk factors evaluated, except basophils count was associated with A. platys infection.

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Salvador, BA, Brasil / A hanseníase ou mal de Hansen (MH), causada pelo patógeno Mycobacterium leprae, ainda constitui um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, e em especial no Maranhão. A doença é hiperendêmica em 77 municípios do Estado. A resposta imune ao patógeno de indivíduos dessas regiões permanece obscuro podendo contribuir na manutenção da hiperendemia. Por isso, este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e imunológico de pacientes infectados por M. leprae, e de seus contatos, procedentes de área hiperendêmica. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi realizado um estudo transversal foi realizado nos municípios de Açailândia, Imperatriz e São Luís, no período 2009 a 2012. Pacientes e contatos foram clinicamente avaliados e tiveram os dados epidemiológicos coletados. Uma amostra de sangue foi obtida para realização das sorologias para detecção de anticorpos IgM anti-PGL1 pelos testes de ELISA e ML-Flow, e dosagem de citocinas e quimiocinas. A análise descritiva demonstrou que a maioria dos pacientes eram adultos, do gênero masculino, diagnosticados principalmente com as formas intermediárias da doença (60%). Incapacidades físicas foram detectadas em 35% dos casos, a maioria da forma multibacilar (MB). Os contatos de pacientes MB, em idade adulta, do sexo feminino, de convívio intradomiciliar e com parentesco de primeiro grau com os pacientes foram maioria. Anticorpos anti-PGL1 foram encontrados em 42,6% dos casos e 12% dos contatos pelo ML-Flow. E ainda em 36,8% dos casos e 12,5 % dos contatos pela técnica do ELISA. A concordância dos testes foi moderada, porém significativa (K=0,423). A soropositividade ao PGL1 está associada às variáveis epidemiológicas de casos, principalmente. Observou-se que casos e contatos apresentam alta produção de IL-17A. Pacientes MB e contatos possuem altas concentrações séricas de IL-6. Os da forma virchowiana tem reduzida produção de TGF-β1. CXCL9 e CXCL10 foram evidentes nos MB, enquanto CXCL8 estava presente em contatos. Os aspectos avaliados confirmam o caráter hiperendêmico e a manutenção de fatores de riscos para o adoecimento de contatos. O perfil imunológico observado abre perspectivas para o conhecimento e elucidação da patogenia em regiões de grande circulação do M. leprae. / Leprosy, caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium leprae, it is a public health problem in Brazil yet, especially in Maranhão. The disease is hyperendemic in 77 counties of the State. Immune response to the pathogen of individuals in these regions remains unclear and may be contributing to maintenance of high endemicity. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize epidemiological and immunological profile of patients infected with M. leprae, and their contacts, from hyperendemic regions. Cross-sectional study was accomplished in Açailândia, Imperatriz and São Luís counties, 2009-2012. Patients and contacts were clinically evaluated and had their epidemiological data collected. A blood sample was obtained for performing serological tests IgM anti-PGL1 detection by ELISA and ML-Flow and measurement of cytokines and chemokines. Descriptive analysis showed that most patients were adults, male, diagnosed with intermediate forms mainly (60%). Physical disabilities were detected in 35% of cases, most of multibacillary form (MB). The contacts were MB patients in adult age, female, household and first-degree kinship. PGL1 antibodies were found in 42.6% of cases and 12% of contacts by ML-Flow, 36.8% of cases and 12.5% of contacts by the ELISA procedure. Concordance tests was moderate but significant (K = 0.423). PGL1 seropositivity is associated with epidemiologic features of cases, mostly. It was observed that patients and contacts present high IL-17A production. MB patients and contacts have high IL-6 serum concentration. Patients with lepromatous form had reduced TGF-β1 production. CXCL9 and CXCL10 were apparent in MB, while CXCL8 was present in contacts. The evaluated aspects confirm high endemicity and maintenance of risk factors for contact illness. Immune profile observed opens perspectives to understanding and elucidation of pathogenesis in regions where M. leprae has large circulation.