RESUMO O objeto deste estudo é o acolhimento do usuário em uma unidade da rede básica de serviços públicos de saúde de Ribeirão Preto. Este constituise em um processo, ocorrendo em quaisquer das etapas do processo de trabalho, cuja responsabilidade cabe aos trabalhadores. Sua efetivação implica no estabelecimento de relações humanas, no uso das tecnologias disponíveis para a solução dos problemas, estando estreitamente relacionada ao desenvolvimento de autonomia dos usuários em relação à sua vida e com a conformação do modelo assistencial. Dentre os objetivos buscou-se identificar e analisar os aspectos que o compõem bem como identificar e analisar como os trabalhadores efetuam-no e compreendem seus componentes no processo de trabalho. Utilizou-se como técnicas de investigação a observação participante, tomando-se o fluxograma analisador do modelo de atenção como organizador desta, acompanhando-se usuários adultos da clínica médica e pronto atendimento e entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores que participaram desses atendimentos. Identificou-se como componentes do acolhimento: a forma como se produz o atendimento, o autogoverno dos trabalhadores, a mútua representação entre os envolvidos, a objetivação do problema/necessidade, as linhas de fuga da estruturação do trabalho, a plasticidade no uso das tecnologias, o preparo para a relação, a comunicação, a escuta, o espaço-tempo que lhe é destinado e a responsabilização pelo trabalho. Verificou-se que o trabalhador não se apercebe produtor do acolhimento, efetuando o atendimento como um procedimento técnico externo a ele. / SUMMARY The objective of this study is the welcoming reception of the user at a basic health unit of the public health service of Ribeirão Preto. It consists of a process, which occurs in any of the stages of the work process, being a responsibility of the workers. Its effectiveness implies in the establishment of human relations, in the use of technologies available for problems solution, having a close relation to the development of the users autonomy in relation to their lives and the assistencial pattern conformation. The aims were to identify and analyse the aspects which took part of it and identify and analyse how the workers did it and how they understand its components in the work process. As research technique, the participative observation was used, taking the flow chart analyser of the attention pattern as its organizer, following the adult users of the clinician and emergency and semi-structured interviews with the workers which participated in these appointments. As components of the reception we identified: the way the assistance is produced, the self-management of the workers, the mutual representation between those envolved, the objectiveness of the problem/need, the escape lines from the structure, plasticity in the use of technologies, the preparation for the relation, the communication, the listening, the space-time destined to it and the responsibilization from the work. It was noticed that the worker doesnt realize himself as producer of the welcoming reception, doing the assistance as a technical procedure external to him.

The dissertation discusses the provision and organization of mental health services through the operation of Community Mental Health Centres outside the Greater Vancouver area in the Province of B.C.. A derived organizational structure of a CMHC is presented permitting a generalizable discussion of inter- and intra-organizational features and their relationship to administration peculiar to this organization. A number of propositions are generated regarding CMHC organizational structure and process; these propositions are based on the dimensions identified in the areas of organizational technology, environment and goals. The propositions are applied to a model of management permitting an examination of general areas of management concern. Methods of optimizing these areas are discussed operationally with the intent of facilitating organizational effectiveness in a CMHC. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

by Ng Tin-fu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-85). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ABSTRACT (CHINESE VERSION) --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Background of the study --- p.1 / Purpose of the study --- p.3 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Introduction --- p.4 / The concept of case management --- p.5 / The definition of case management --- p.5 / Outcome evaluation of case management --- p.7 / Case management models --- p.11 / The application of case management in CPNS --- p.14 / Who should be the case managers --- p.16 / Qualifications of case managers --- p.17 / "The roles, functions and work practices of case managers" --- p.18 / Difficulties encountered by case managers --- p.20 / Perceptions of case managers towards case management --- p.22 / Summary --- p.25 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODOLOGY / Introduction --- p.27 / Objectives of the study --- p.27 / Context of the study --- p.28 / Operational definitions --- p.28 / Methodology --- p.29 / Sampling --- p.31 / Data collection --- p.32 / Gaining assess to the field --- p.36 / Ethical consideration --- p.37 / Pre-pilot preparation --- p.38 / Pilot study --- p.38 / Data analysis --- p.39 / Issues of validity and reliability --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULT AND DISCUSSION / Introduction --- p.45 / Description of the community psychiatric nursing service under this study --- p.46 / Demographic characteristics of case managers --- p.47 / "The roles, functions and work practices of case managers" --- p.49 / Difficulties perceived by case managers --- p.62 / Perception of case managers towards case management --- p.66 / Summary --- p.69 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Conclusions / Limitation of the study --- p.71 / Implication for nursing practice --- p.72 / Recommendation for further research --- p.76 / Conclusions --- p.77 / REFERENCES --- p.79

Background: The Alliance for Patient Medication Safety (APMS) helps community pharmacies comply with continuous quality improvement requirements of many states and third party payment contracts through use of their Pharmacy Quality Commitment (PQC) program. Aims: To assess changes in the incidence of prescription Quality Related Events (QREs) and adoption of patient safety culture attitudes after guided PQC implementation. Methods: Twenty-one pharmacies were randomized to standard PQC practices (control) or guided PQC implementation (treatment). Pharmacy staff completed retrospective pre and post safety culture questionnaires. Negative binomial mixed and linear regression analyses were employed to examine changes in QREs rates and attitudes, respectively. Rasch analysis was used to assess questionnaire validity and reliability. Results: During the 2-month study period 3,343 QREs were reported to the online PQC system. At baseline, no difference in the average QRE reporting rate was identified between groups. Treatment group QRE reporting rates differed in one category post treatment (more incorrect safety caps QREs reported in treatment group, p<0.034). Seventy-one employees completed the questionnaire (70% response). Attitude improvement in the treatment group was 36% greater than in control (p<0.0001). The questionnaire demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity evidence. Conclusions: Guided PQC implementation increased reporting of certain QREs and increased the adoption of patient safety culture attitudes among staff pharmacy.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:47:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1628055 bytes, checksum: 5fbea21bd6abc49c7e677b65f48ff968 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Tuberculosis (TB) is still a great challenge for public health in Brazil and in the world, being the use of health services the center of functioning of the health systems. In this aspect, the form of organization of TB care should be a guaranteeing factor in the access to the early diagnosis of TB in the cities of Brazil. The time of TB diagnosis corresponds to the period between the beginning of the signs and symptoms and the closing of diagnosis, however the access to the diagnosis in the primary care seems to be hampered by several obstacles that need to be elucidated. The present study aimed to analyze, in the perception of the diseased, the use of health services in the Attention to TB diagnosis identifying the first health service sought by the diseased when they began to present signs and symptoms; the health services that made the diagnosis and the time elapsed between the search of the diseased for the health service and the diagnosis of TB and the association between components of accessibility and the type of service sought by the diseased. The execution of this research occurred by means of a sectional epidemiological inquiry of quantitative approach. The scenery of this investigation was the city of João Pessoa, in the state of Paraíba. The population of the study was composed by the diseased with TB (in treatment, older than 18 years, resident of the studied city), being the sample constituted of 101 patients. The data were collected by means of primary sources (interview with the diseased) and secondary sources (charts) digitalized and stored in electronic spreadsheet of Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and transferred to the Table of Data Entry of Software Statistica 9.0 of Statsoft for the application of Pearson s chi-square test. In the use of the association test, statistical significance, p<0.05, was evidenced between the first health service sought by the diseased and the localization of diagnosis, where the Family Health Strategy (FHS) was the first health service most sought by the diseased with 46.5% and the Tuberculosis Control Program (TCP) was the service that most made TB diagnosis with 54.4% of the cases. In regard to the time for the diagnosis of TB 84 (83.2%) of the diseased were diagnosed in the time interval less than or equal to 30 days. However, despite the existence of a decentralization of Health the FHS is still not efficient in what regards the guarantee of access to TB diagnosis, where the TCP continues to centralize the actions regarding TB diagnosis being characterized as main entryway of TB cases in the city of João Pessoa. Therefore efforts must be undertaken to transform this reality and make FHS the entryway for the access to TB diagnoses through more resolving health services make, articulated and structured to act in the control of TB. / A tuberculose (TB) ainda é um grande desafio para saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, sendo a utilização dos serviços de saúde o centro do funcionamento dos sistemas de saúde. Nesse aspecto, a forma de organização da atenção a TB deveria ser um fator de garantia do acesso ao diagnóstico precoce da TB nos municípios do Brasil. O tempo do diagnóstico da TB corresponde ao período entre o início dos sinais e sintomas e o fechamento do diagnóstico, contudo o acesso ao diagnóstico na atenção básica parece estar obstaculizado por várias barreiras que precisam ser elucidadas. O presente estudo visou avaliar, na perspectiva do doente, a utilização dos serviços de saúde na Atenção ao diagnóstico da TB identificando o primeiro serviço de saúde procurado pelo doente quando começou a apresentar os sinais e sintomas; os serviços de saúde que realizaram o diagnóstico, o tempo decorrido entre a procura do doente pelo serviço de saúde e o diagnóstico da TB e a associação entre componentes da acessibilidade e o tipo de serviço procurado pelo doente. A realização dessa pesquisa ocorreu por meio de um inquérito epidemiológico seccional de abordagem quantitativa. O cenário desta investigação foi o município de João Pessoa, no estado da Paraíba. A população do estudo foi composta pelos doentes de TB (em tratamento, maiores de 18 anos, residentes no município de estudo), sendo a amostra constituída por 101 pacientes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de fontes primárias (entrevistas com doentes) e secundárias (prontuários) digitados e armazenados em planilha eletrônica do Microsoft Office Excel 2003 e transferidos para a Tabela de Entrada de Dados do Software Statistica 9.0 da Statsoft para aplicação do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. No uso do teste de associação, evidenciou-se significância estatística p<0,05 entre o primeiro serviço de saúde procurado pelo doente e o local do diagnóstico, onde a Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) foi o primeiro serviço de saúde mais procurado pelo doente com 46,5% e o Programa de Controle da Tuberculose (PCT) foi o serviço que mais realizou o diagnóstico de TB com 54,4% dos casos. Com relação ao tempo para o diagnóstico da TB 84 (83,2%) dos doentes foram diagnosticados no intervalo de tempo menor ou igual a 30 dias. No entanto, apesar da existência de uma política de descentralização da Saúde a ESF ainda não se tornou eficiente no que diz respeito à garantia do acesso ao diagnóstico da TB, onde o PCT continua centralizando as ações relacionadas ao diagnóstico da TB sendo caracterizado como principal porta de entrada dos casos de TB no município de João Pessoa. Portanto, esforços precisam ser empreendidos para transformar essa realidade e tornar a ESF a porta de entrada para o acesso ao diagnóstico da TB por meio de serviços de saúde mais resolutivos, articulados e estruturados para atuar no controle da TB.

This study is, in part, a product of the efforts of the Kitimat-Stikine Regional District Health Care Research Project (1975). During the course of this project interviews with representatives of local health care organizations were held in order to inventory the kinds and numbers of health care services in the Kitimat-Stikine Regional District. In assessing the roles of health care organizations in Kitimat and Terrace, British Columbia it became apparent that a number of community mental health organizations in these two centres were experiencing varying degrees of success and/or frustrations in attempting to meet their organizational goals. In attempting to analyse these experiences it became evident that they were frequently described in terms of the activities and decisions of other organizations. It was also considered that individual organizations had unique characteristics of an internal nature which were also seen to affect the relative success they had in meeting their goals. The question then arose as to the possibility of analysing community mental health services in Kitimat and Terrace in terms of the interrelationships of the organizations which were providing these services. This was seen to be a reasonable approach to the problem of analysis in that the specific intent of the research project from which this study emanated was to provide an inventory of local health care services. In considering the methodology for the analysis of these inter-organizational relationships a review of the literature showed that there had been three basic approaches to organizational research used to analyse organizational behaviour. These approaches were, in order of their development, analysis of an organization as a single unit in terms of its internal characteristics; analysis of an organization in terms of its relationships with other organizations and, analysis, as a unit, of a group of organizations which have recurrent interactions with one another. It was determined that each of these forms of analysis could be utilized in the context of the community mental health organizations located in Kitimat and Terrace. This approach has important implications from a planning point of view in that it affords analyses of benefit to planners and administrators of individual organizations within the context of their own organization's internal framework and within the context of the overall activities of other organizations with which they interact. Further more, it provides an advantageous perspective to authorities in central planning organizations as they attempt to coordinate activities of organizations under their jurisdiction. Five specific variables were selected to facilitate the analysis of inter-organizational relationships at each of the three levels. These variables were: resources; power, organizational autonomy; domain consensus; and inter-organizational coordination. The analyses showed that each of the three levels offer unique opportunities to view the interrelationships between and/or among organizations. It was also illustrated that the third level of analysis was an abstract concept that required further development before it could be clearly differentiated from the other levels. The five variables selected to analyse the interrelationships at each level exhibited varying degrees of relevance to the analysis. The main observation was that, although there was some overlap in their application to specific issues which were discussed, the five variables were able to satisfactorily address any factors which were seen to affect inter-organizational relationships at each of the three levels. Overall, the three level approach to analysis of organizational exchange relationships was suggested to be an appropriate method for central planning agencies to better coordinate the activities of organizations under their jurisdiction. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Unknown

The Diploma Thesis is focused on description of public transport systems in Prague and Sydney and their final comparison. Theoretical part is describing development of transport, transport infrastructure, public transport priority, system of tariffs, means of transport etc. In practical part both systems are described in detail with focus on organization and functionality. Final comparison is focused on confrontation from many points of view to capture the most of identical or different aspects.

No description available.

Orientador: Solange L'Abbate / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T18:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Severo_AnaKallinydeSousa_D.pdf: 2219412 bytes, checksum: 703c2f5ef1b03a2647c93d0435d1aff5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A supervisão tem se assegurado como um dos principais dispositivos de fortalecimento dos processos de mudanças almejados no modelo de Atenção Psicossocial. Esse dispositivo tem sido utilizado para qualificação dos serviços substitutivos e da rede de Atenção Psicossocial na Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira, apesar de receber muitas críticas no sentido de apontar seu caráter reprodutor das relações de saber-poder hierarquizadas. Este trabalho buscou analisar a institucionalização da supervisão clínico-institucional no processo da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira, tendo como foco a experiência de supervisão no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Para tanto, o referencial teórico-metodológico escolhido foi o da Análise Institucional, tanto na perspectiva da análise no papel como da socioanálise. A análise no papel foi utilizada para a investigação dos documentos e entrevistas em uma perspectiva sócio-histórica e a socioanálise em sua vertente socioclínica. Para a realização deste estudo, adotei quatro estratégias de pesquisa principais: análise de artigos que apresentavam a inserção da supervisão nas experiências reformistas dos anos 1980 e 1990; análise dos relatórios finais das Conferências Nacionais de Saúde Mental e dos editais de supervisão lançados pelo Ministério da Saúde; e intervenção desenvolvida durante um ano de supervisão clínico-institucional na rede de Atenção Psicossocial em um município do interior do Nordeste. O processo de intervenção desenvolvido fez parte de um desses projetos financiados, com edital lançado, e desenvolveu-se em doze encontros mensais com trabalhadores da rede de saúde e dos dispositivos intersetoriais. Na análise das experiências, percebemos que a supervisão nos princípios da Atenção Psicossocial sofreu mudanças tensionadas principalmente pelas transformações na constituição das equipes, da gestão, da rede e no cuidado comunitário. Na análise no papel dos relatórios da terceira e da quarta Conferência Nacional de Saúde Mental e dos editais do Ministério da Saúde existiram encomendas muito amplas relacionadas à supervisão, tais como a política de recursos humanos, de funcionamento de rede, de qualificação e de construção de Projetos Terapêuticos Singulares, que foram respondidas de maneira ainda insuficiente pelas políticas governamentais. Na intervenção realizada, as principais dificuldades encontradas foram a rotatividade dos profissionais do serviço, múltiplos vínculos de trabalho entre os servidores, mudanças na gestão do serviço e a relação pouco dialogada com a gestão municipal. Como movimento instituinte, assinalamos uma maior reflexão crítica acerca do percurso do profissional de saúde mental para adequação ao contexto da Atenção Psicossocial, ampliação do diálogo e ações interprofissionais, e fortalecimento da parceria entre o gestor municipal e a equipe do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Retomar a historicidade de um dispositivo permitiu compreender suas diferentes funções e os efeitos de retorno do instituído e de desconhecimento gerados pela paralisação e burocratização da Reforma Psiquiátrica, e a necessidade de retomar e fortalecer seu processo instituinte / Abstract: Supervision has assured itself as one of the main dispositive of improving the processes of changes desired in the psychosocial care model. This dispositive has been used for qualification of replacement services and from the psychosocial care system in the Brazilian psychiatric reform, despite receiving many criticisms towards pointing its reproductive character of hierarchical knowledge-power. This work aimed at analyzing the institutionalization of institutional clinical-supervision in the process of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. To this end, the theoretical and methodological support chosen was the institutional analysis, both from the perspective of analysis of the role and social analysis. The analysis of the role was used for investigation on documents and interviews in the sociohistorical perspective and in the social analysis in its social clinical perspective. In order to do this study, I applied four main strategies of research: analysis of articles that presented the insertion of the supervision in the reforming experiences in 1980s an 1990s; analysis of the final reports of the National Conferences on Mental Health and the supervision announcements released by the Ministry of Health; and intervention developed during a year of clinical-institutional supervision in network of psychosocial care in a country city of Brazilian northeast. The intervention process developed was part of one of theses funded projects with announcements released, and developed in twelve monthly meetings with Health system and intersectoral dispositives workers. In the analysis of experiments, we noticed that supervision on the principles of Psychosocial Care suffered changes influenced primarily by the transformation of teams, management, system and community care constitution. In analyzing the role of the reports of the third and fourth National Conferences of Mental Health and the announcements of the Ministry of Health there were many orders widely related to supervision, such as the human resources policy, the operation of the network, construction of qualification and Unique Therapeutic Project that were still inadequately answered by the government policies. In interventions, the main difficulties were the turnovers of service professionals, multiple bonds of work between servers, changes in the management of the service and and the little dialogic relationship with the municipal administration. As establishing movement, we noticed a deeper critical reflection on the course of the mental health professional to fit the context of psychosocial care, expansion of dialogue and joint actions, and strengthening the partnership between the city manager and staff of the Center for Psychosocial Care. Retaking the historicity of a dispositive allowed to understand their different roles and effects of return established and ignorance generated by paralysis and bureaucratization of the Psychiatric Reform, and the need to retake and strengthen their instituting proceedings / Doutorado / Ciências Sociais em Saúde / Doutora em Saúde Coletiva

<p>Једна од основних, најзначајнијих претпоставки за укупан друштвени развој и опстанак људског друштва је безбедност. У почетку, безбедност се суштински односила на државу и на међународни политички систем а мање на појединца. Међутим, каснијим развојем процеса глобализације и интернационализације, настала је потреба стварања нових безбедносних политика држава па су се у политичкој и правној теорији и пракси појавиле и нове концепције безбедности као што је концепција безбедности појединца (human securiti concept), која у први план примарно истиче безбедност појединца а не само државе.<br />Данашњи безбедносни ризици и претње по међународни мир и безбедност су вишеструки, а посебно место и значај међу њима, - поред пролиферације оружја за масовно уништење, организованог криминала, регионалних сукоба, дисфункционалних држава, кршења основних права и слобода - припада тероризму. Тероризам као вишедимензионални феномен, показује тенденцију сталног пораста, стално се генерише и усавршава на све већем технолошком нивоу због чега постаје масовнији, перфиднији и ефикаснији.<br />Према статистичким подацима, број терористичких напада је у константном порасту. У извештају Стејт департмента за 2012. и 2013. годину наводи се да је број ових напада порастао за 43%, а у периоду од 2002. до 2012. године само тридесетједна држава у свету није била мета терористичких напада.<br />Идеја за рад под називом &bdquo;Европски модели организације и надлежности служби безбедности у сузбијању тероризма&ldquo;, проистекла је управо из наведених разлога као и из чињенице да је проблем тероризма у времену које долази један од кључних изазова међународне заједнице а посебно у контексту значаја и улоге, националних обавештајно безбедносних система њихове организације и надлежности. Сматрајући да у Републици Србији није дат пуни научни допринос развоју нашег система безбедности, посебно оног дела који се односи на борбу против тероризма, ова тема је покушај да се кроз два аспекта &ndash; правног и институционалног &ndash; покуша дати одговор овом научном изазову.<br />VII<br />Структурално, рад се поред увода састоји од десет тематских целина које појмовно, садржински и истраживачки обрађују основне појмове и институте из ове области &ndash; тероризма, безбедности и обавештјно безбедносних система. У одговору на постављена питања и хипотезе коришћени су методи анализе садржаја, историјско компаративни метод, статистички метод, метод посматрања, анализе и синтезе и индуктивно дедуктивни метод. Поред доступне научне и стручне литературе делом су коришћена и лична искуства стечена током радног ангажовања у служби безбедности и едукативних боравка у безбедносним институцијама појединих страних држава.<br />Кроз &bdquo;Методолошки оквир истраживања&ldquo; постављени су проблем, предмет, циљеви, хипотетички оквир и методе, и друштвена оправданост истраживања. Проблем истраживања је сагледан кроз више основних питања о правним, организационим, функционалним и техничким основама усвајања нове реформске, организационе шеме служби безбедности појединих европских земаља, а предмет истраживања је одређен кроз анализу модела организације, надлежности и правне регулативе предметних служби безбедности. Циљ је дефинисан кроз научну дескрипцију и класификацију истраживачког проблема како би се сагледале карактеристике и ефекти функционисања одређеног модела.<br />С тим у вези, постављена је једна општа и две посебне хипотезе. Општа хипотеза полази од повезаности тероризма са одређеним друштвеним, политичким, економским, верским и идеолошким појавама како би се на противзаконит начин покушали остварити политички циљеви, због чега се у датом тренутку у пракси активирају механизми безбедносно полицијског апарата једне државе. У првој посебној хипотези полази се од констатације да су терористичке организације промениле своју организациону структуру, методе и начин деловања, што је имплицитно изазвало промене и у правној регулатививи, унутрашњој организацији, и надлежности служби безбедности, као и у методама и средствима њеног деловања чиме се бави друга посебна хипотеза.<br />У трећој, четвртој и петој глави дат је приказ теорије организационих система са посебним освртом на системе безбедности као и на безбедност у<br />VIII<br />концепту односа савремених држава. Посебна пажња посвећена је садржинском дефинисању појма безбедности, облицима угрожавања безбедности, субјектима, својствима, карактеристикама и компонентама система безбедности, а наведене су међународно правне основе организације и функционисања система безбедности.<br />Шеста глава рада обрађује &bdquo;Појам и карактеристике савременог тероризма&ldquo;, проблеме у његовом дефинисању у националним и међународним оквирима, мотиве и узроке тероризма, организациону структуру терористичких група, модалитете борбе против тероризма и улогу Европске уније на овом плану. Кроз графички приказ наведене су сличности и разлике тероризма и других облика политичког насиља - терора и гериле.<br />У делу рада под називом &bdquo;Кривично правни аспекти дефинисања тероризма&ldquo;, прво је објашњена законодавно правна еволуција кривичног дела тероризма у кривичном законодавству бивше Југославије и Р Србије, а потом је дат упоредно правни приказ кривичног дела тероризма у кривичним законодавствима Немачке, Италије, Француске, Шпаније и Руске Федерације. Констатовано je да је у последњих десетак година дошло до значајних промена у националним кривичним законодавствима појединих земаља на плану јачања улоге материјалног кривичног права и увођења нових инкриминација које прате нове облике савременог тероризма. Овај тренд је и обележје кривичног законодавства Р Србије.<br />Следећи део рада појмовно обрађује безбедносно обавештајни систем и борбу против тероризма где је дата дефиниција, карактеристике, организације, врсте обавештајних служби, методе, мере и радње обавештајног рада. Указано је на значај позитивних законских прописа и демократских стандарда у раду служби безбедности.<br />Централни део рада односи се на &bdquo;Моделе организације и надлежности служби безбедности&ldquo;, где су објашњени организационо функционални модели служби безбедности у Немачкој, Италији, Француској, Шпанији, Великој Британији, Руској Федерације, Шведској, Хрватској, Црној Гори и Босни и Херцеговини &ndash; с крајњим циљем да се компаративном анализом изабере најоптималнији модел обавештајно безбедносног система у Р Србији, који би<br />IX<br />одговарао свим савременим безбедносним ризицима и био компатибилан степену друштвене опасности наше земље од тероризма. У овом делу, изнето је више констатација о значају и потреби системских реформских процеса посебно у оном делу безбедносно полицијског, политичког и институционалног апарата водећих европских држава, а у контексту сузбијања тероризма. Посебно је указано на иновације у националним кривичним и антитерористичким законодавствима која су била динамично развојна што је опет с друге стране имало импликације и реформски утицај на унутрашње организационо функционално устројство националних безбедносно обавештајних служби.<br />И на крају, предмет разматрања десетог поглавља је међународна сарадња надлежних органа у откривању и спречавању тероризма где је указано на значај међународне и регионалне антитерористичке сарадње а посебно институционалне улоге у УН, ЕУ, ОЕБС-а, НАТО-а и др., као и на значај међународне кривично правне помоћи и размене стратешки важнних, оперативних информација.<br />У закључним разматрањима дато је виђење предметне истраживачке проблематике са посебним акцентом на непостојање позитивно правне законске регулативе која дефинише материју системског сузбијања тероризма. Кроз иницијативно критички осврт указано је на потребу доношења потпуно нових или евентуално, ад хок иновирања постојећих законских прописа а предложена су и друга организационо функционална и институционална решења.</p> / <p>Jedna od osnovnih, najznačajnijih pretpostavki za ukupan društveni razvoj i opstanak ljudskog društva je bezbednost. U početku, bezbednost se suštinski odnosila na državu i na međunarodni politički sistem a manje na pojedinca. Međutim, kasnijim razvojem procesa globalizacije i internacionalizacije, nastala je potreba stvaranja novih bezbednosnih politika država pa su se u političkoj i pravnoj teoriji i praksi pojavile i nove koncepcije bezbednosti kao što je koncepcija bezbednosti pojedinca (human securiti concept), koja u prvi plan primarno ističe bezbednost pojedinca a ne samo države.<br />Današnji bezbednosni rizici i pretnje po međunarodni mir i bezbednost su višestruki, a posebno mesto i značaj među njima, - pored proliferacije oružja za masovno uništenje, organizovanog kriminala, regionalnih sukoba, disfunkcionalnih država, kršenja osnovnih prava i sloboda - pripada terorizmu. Terorizam kao višedimenzionalni fenomen, pokazuje tendenciju stalnog porasta, stalno se generiše i usavršava na sve većem tehnološkom nivou zbog čega postaje masovniji, perfidniji i efikasniji.<br />Prema statističkim podacima, broj terorističkih napada je u konstantnom porastu. U izveštaju Stejt departmenta za 2012. i 2013. godinu navodi se da je broj ovih napada porastao za 43%, a u periodu od 2002. do 2012. godine samo tridesetjedna država u svetu nije bila meta terorističkih napada.<br />Ideja za rad pod nazivom &bdquo;Evropski modeli organizacije i nadležnosti službi bezbednosti u suzbijanju terorizma&ldquo;, proistekla je upravo iz navedenih razloga kao i iz činjenice da je problem terorizma u vremenu koje dolazi jedan od ključnih izazova međunarodne zajednice a posebno u kontekstu značaja i uloge, nacionalnih obaveštajno bezbednosnih sistema njihove organizacije i nadležnosti. Smatrajući da u Republici Srbiji nije dat puni naučni doprinos razvoju našeg sistema bezbednosti, posebno onog dela koji se odnosi na borbu protiv terorizma, ova tema je pokušaj da se kroz dva aspekta &ndash; pravnog i institucionalnog &ndash; pokuša dati odgovor ovom naučnom izazovu.<br />VII<br />Strukturalno, rad se pored uvoda sastoji od deset tematskih celina koje pojmovno, sadržinski i istraživački obrađuju osnovne pojmove i institute iz ove oblasti &ndash; terorizma, bezbednosti i obaveštjno bezbednosnih sistema. U odgovoru na postavljena pitanja i hipoteze korišćeni su metodi analize sadržaja, istorijsko komparativni metod, statistički metod, metod posmatranja, analize i sinteze i induktivno deduktivni metod. Pored dostupne naučne i stručne literature delom su korišćena i lična iskustva stečena tokom radnog angažovanja u službi bezbednosti i edukativnih boravka u bezbednosnim institucijama pojedinih stranih država.<br />Kroz &bdquo;Metodološki okvir istraživanja&ldquo; postavljeni su problem, predmet, ciljevi, hipotetički okvir i metode, i društvena opravdanost istraživanja. Problem istraživanja je sagledan kroz više osnovnih pitanja o pravnim, organizacionim, funkcionalnim i tehničkim osnovama usvajanja nove reformske, organizacione šeme službi bezbednosti pojedinih evropskih zemalja, a predmet istraživanja je određen kroz analizu modela organizacije, nadležnosti i pravne regulative predmetnih službi bezbednosti. Cilj je definisan kroz naučnu deskripciju i klasifikaciju istraživačkog problema kako bi se sagledale karakteristike i efekti funkcionisanja određenog modela.<br />S tim u vezi, postavljena je jedna opšta i dve posebne hipoteze. Opšta hipoteza polazi od povezanosti terorizma sa određenim društvenim, političkim, ekonomskim, verskim i ideološkim pojavama kako bi se na protivzakonit način pokušali ostvariti politički ciljevi, zbog čega se u datom trenutku u praksi aktiviraju mehanizmi bezbednosno policijskog aparata jedne države. U prvoj posebnoj hipotezi polazi se od konstatacije da su terorističke organizacije promenile svoju organizacionu strukturu, metode i način delovanja, što je implicitno izazvalo promene i u pravnoj regulativivi, unutrašnjoj organizaciji, i nadležnosti službi bezbednosti, kao i u metodama i sredstvima njenog delovanja čime se bavi druga posebna hipoteza.<br />U trećoj, četvrtoj i petoj glavi dat je prikaz teorije organizacionih sistema sa posebnim osvrtom na sisteme bezbednosti kao i na bezbednost u<br />VIII<br />konceptu odnosa savremenih država. Posebna pažnja posvećena je sadržinskom definisanju pojma bezbednosti, oblicima ugrožavanja bezbednosti, subjektima, svojstvima, karakteristikama i komponentama sistema bezbednosti, a navedene su međunarodno pravne osnove organizacije i funkcionisanja sistema bezbednosti.<br />Šesta glava rada obrađuje &bdquo;Pojam i karakteristike savremenog terorizma&ldquo;, probleme u njegovom definisanju u nacionalnim i međunarodnim okvirima, motive i uzroke terorizma, organizacionu strukturu terorističkih grupa, modalitete borbe protiv terorizma i ulogu Evropske unije na ovom planu. Kroz grafički prikaz navedene su sličnosti i razlike terorizma i drugih oblika političkog nasilja - terora i gerile.<br />U delu rada pod nazivom &bdquo;Krivično pravni aspekti definisanja terorizma&ldquo;, prvo je objašnjena zakonodavno pravna evolucija krivičnog dela terorizma u krivičnom zakonodavstvu bivše Jugoslavije i R Srbije, a potom je dat uporedno pravni prikaz krivičnog dela terorizma u krivičnim zakonodavstvima Nemačke, Italije, Francuske, Španije i Ruske Federacije. Konstatovano je da je u poslednjih desetak godina došlo do značajnih promena u nacionalnim krivičnim zakonodavstvima pojedinih zemalja na planu jačanja uloge materijalnog krivičnog prava i uvođenja novih inkriminacija koje prate nove oblike savremenog terorizma. Ovaj trend je i obeležje krivičnog zakonodavstva R Srbije.<br />Sledeći deo rada pojmovno obrađuje bezbednosno obaveštajni sistem i borbu protiv terorizma gde je data definicija, karakteristike, organizacije, vrste obaveštajnih službi, metode, mere i radnje obaveštajnog rada. Ukazano je na značaj pozitivnih zakonskih propisa i demokratskih standarda u radu službi bezbednosti.<br />Centralni deo rada odnosi se na &bdquo;Modele organizacije i nadležnosti službi bezbednosti&ldquo;, gde su objašnjeni organizaciono funkcionalni modeli službi bezbednosti u Nemačkoj, Italiji, Francuskoj, Španiji, Velikoj Britaniji, Ruskoj Federacije, Švedskoj, Hrvatskoj, Crnoj Gori i Bosni i Hercegovini &ndash; s krajnjim ciljem da se komparativnom analizom izabere najoptimalniji model obaveštajno bezbednosnog sistema u R Srbiji, koji bi<br />IX<br />odgovarao svim savremenim bezbednosnim rizicima i bio kompatibilan stepenu društvene opasnosti naše zemlje od terorizma. U ovom delu, izneto je više konstatacija o značaju i potrebi sistemskih reformskih procesa posebno u onom delu bezbednosno policijskog, političkog i institucionalnog aparata vodećih evropskih država, a u kontekstu suzbijanja terorizma. Posebno je ukazano na inovacije u nacionalnim krivičnim i antiterorističkim zakonodavstvima koja su bila dinamično razvojna što je opet s druge strane imalo implikacije i reformski uticaj na unutrašnje organizaciono funkcionalno ustrojstvo nacionalnih bezbednosno obaveštajnih službi.<br />I na kraju, predmet razmatranja desetog poglavlja je međunarodna saradnja nadležnih organa u otkrivanju i sprečavanju terorizma gde je ukazano na značaj međunarodne i regionalne antiterorističke saradnje a posebno institucionalne uloge u UN, EU, OEBS-a, NATO-a i dr., kao i na značaj međunarodne krivično pravne pomoći i razmene strateški važnnih, operativnih informacija.<br />U zaključnim razmatranjima dato je viđenje predmetne istraživačke problematike sa posebnim akcentom na nepostojanje pozitivno pravne zakonske regulative koja definiše materiju sistemskog suzbijanja terorizma. Kroz inicijativno kritički osvrt ukazano je na potrebu donošenja potpuno novih ili eventualno, ad hok inoviranja postojećih zakonskih propisa a predložena su i druga organizaciono funkcionalna i institucionalna rešenja.</p> / <p>Security is one of the basic and most vital prerequisites for the general development and continuity of any human society. Originally, security was focused not so much on an individual but rather on the state and international political system. However, in the course of globalization and internationalization, a need has arisen to create new state security policies. As a result, in the political and legal theory and practice new security concepts have appeared, such as the human security concept, which emphasizes the security of an individual and not only of a state as was formerly the case.<br />Nowadays, there are multiple security risks and dangers threatening international peace and security: proliferation of mass destruction weaponry, organized crime, regional conflicts, dysfunctional states, basic human rights and freedom violation, but above all &ndash; terrorism. Terrorism is a complex phenomenon with a tendency to grow and expand. Its technological advancement enables it to be even more widespread, insidious and efficient.<br />Statistics show that the number of terrorist attacks has been on the increase. A report issued by the State Department for the year 2012 and 2013 claims that the number of terrorist attacks rose by 43% , and in the period between 2002 and 2012 only thirty- one states in the world were not a target of terrorist attacks.<br />&bdquo;The European organization models and competences of security services in the combat against terrorism&ldquo; is the result of the aforementioned reasons as well as of the fact that the problem of terrorism in the years to come will be one of the key challenges for the international community, especially in the context of the importance and the role of national intelligence and security systems, their organization and competences. The lack of thorough scientific contribution to the development of the security system of the Republic of Serbia has been recognised, especially in the area of combat against terrorism. This thesis is an attempt to respond to this challenge through both legal and institutional aspects of this topic.<br />Besides the Abstract, the thesis comprises ten thematic units dealing with basic concepts and institutions in the area of terrorism, security and intelligence systems in conceptual, material and research manner. The methods applied in the research are:<br />XI<br />content analysis, comparative historical method, statistical method, observation, analysis and synthesis method and inductive and deductive method. In addition to the available scientific and professional literature, personal experience aquired while working for the security services and the experience aquired while training in the security institutions of some foreign states have been used. &bdquo;The methodological framework of the research&ldquo; states the problem, the subject, the aims, the hypothetical framework, the methods and the social validity of the research. The problem in the research is approached through multiple questions about legal, organisational, functional and technical grounds for adopting a new, reformed organisation scheme of the security services of some European states. The research subject is defined by analysing models of organisation, competences and legal regulations of the security services in question. The aim is defined throught scientific description and classification of the problem of the research in order to understand the features and effects of a certain model.<br />The thesis sets forth one general and two specific hyoptheses. The general hypothesis derives from the connection between terrorism and certain social, political, economic, religious and ideological phenomena which work together in order to illegally realise certain political aims. This triggers mechanisms of security services and police structures of a state. The first specific hypothesis starts from the assumption that terrorist organisations have altered their organisational structure, methods and modes of action which has brought about changes in legal regulations, internal organisation and competences of the security services, as well as in the methods and means of their action. This is the focus of the second specific hypothesis.<br />The third, the fourth and the fifth section give a review of the theory of the organisation systems with special reference to security systems and to security in the relationships among contemporary states. Special attention was given to the definition of the concept of security, forms of security breach, subjects, features, properties and elements of the security system. Furthermore, the international legal basis for organising and functioning of the security system is presented, too. The sixth section deals with &bdquo;The concept and features of contemporary terrorism&ldquo;. It studies the problems of its definition within national and international framework,<br />XII<br />motives and causes of terrorism, organisational structure of terrorist groups, forms of combat against it and the role the European union plays in this struggle. The diagram shows similarities and differences between terrorism and other forms of political violence &ndash; terror and guerrilla.<br />The section named &bdquo;Criminal and legal aspects of defining terrorism&ldquo; first explains the legislative evolution of the criminal act of terrorism in the penal code of the former Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia, and then gives the comparative review of the criminal act of terrorism in the criminal legislation of Germany, Italy, France, Spain and the Russian Federation.<br />The conclusion is that significant changes have taken place over the last ten years in the national criminal legislations of certain countries with a tendency to put more emphasis on the role of substantive law and to introduce new incriminations that result from the new forms of contemporary terrorism. This trend is visible in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia, too.<br />The following section of the thesis features the conceptual approach to the intelligence system and the combat against terrorism and gives the definition, properties, organisations, types of intelligence services, methods, modes and activities of the intelligence operation. The section emphasizes the importance of positive legal regulations as well as the democratic standards in the work of the security services. The central section of the thesis refers to &bdquo;The organisation models and competences of the security services&ldquo;. It explains, compares and analyses the organisational and functional properties of the security service models in Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Great Britain, the Russian Federation, Sweden, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina with the aim to choose the optimal model of the intelligence and security system for the Republic of Serbia, the model which would respond to all the contemporary security risks and would correspond to the level of danger that terrorism might pose to our country. This section ascertains the importance and the need for systemic reforms especially in the part of police sector, political and institutional sectors that focus on suppression of terrorism. Special emphasis is put on innovations in national criminal and anti - terrorist legislations which have undergone dynamic development over time. This has had implications<br />XIII<br />and reforming influence on the internal organisational and functional structure of the national security and intelligence services.<br />Finally, the subject of the tenth section is international cooperation among the services in charge of discovering and preventing acts of terrorism. It points to the importance of the institutional role played by organisations such as UN, EU, OEBS, NATO, etc. and the importance of international criminal and legal help and exchange of strategically vital, operational information. The final remarks state the fact that there is a complete absence of positive legal regulations which would define the concept of systematic suppression of terrorism. The critical review of the thesis underscores the need for completely new laws or possibly ad hoc alterations of the existing legal regulations. In addition, other organisationally functional and institutional solutions are suggested.</p>