Les politiques de conservation de la nature ont largement évolué ces quarante dernières années. Si les premières aires protégées ont été créées selon un modèle ségrégatif, elles s’inscrivent aujourd’hui dans des modèles intégratifs. De fait, les aires protégées et leurs gestionnaires ne jouent plus les mêmes rôles au sein des socioécosystèmes. Leurs objectifs, leurs pratiques de conservation, les modes de régulation et de prise de décision, l’articulation avec les territoires environnants ont évolué. Nous nous concentrons ici sur les réserves naturelles françaises (RN), l’un des principaux outils réglementaires de protection de la nature en France. Nous caractérisons les interactions entre RN et territoires et les enjeux qui y sont liés, dans la perspective de cette transition ségrégatif – intégratif. Cette étude porte sur deux échelles distinctes : l’échelle nationale et l’ensemble des 277 RN, et l’échelle locale avec 10 études de cas. À l’échelle nationale, l’analyse de l’émergence des thématiques liées au développement durable des territoires dans le réseau des RN met en évidence les enjeux institutionnels, organisationnels, culturels et stratégiques de ce réseau, et permet de discuter la thèse d’une institutionnalisation inachevée. Nous montrons ensuite qu’il existe différents types de RN selon les pratiques mises en œuvre par les gestionnaires. Nous analysons ces investissements variés sur la base de trois types de facteurs : (i) les caractéristiques géographiques des RN ; (ii) le gestionnaire : son système de valeur et son profil socioculturel et (iii) les caractéristiques du territoire environnant. Avec nos 10 cas d’étude, nous caractérisons les socioécosystèmes constitués par les RN et les territoires environnants. Nous analysons dans le détail l’articulation identifiée à l’échelle nationale entre perceptions des acteurs, pratiques, caractéristiques des sites, des territoires et des gestionnaires, à l’intérieur des RN, mais également au-delà de leurs limites spatiales et fonctionnelles. À l’aide des cadres d’analyse des socioécosystèmes complexes, de la solidarité écologique, de la political ecology et de l’analyse institutionnelle, nous identifions les interactions entre RN et territoire, et mettons en lumière les limites des arrangements institutionnels mis en œuvre. Nous concluons sur la notion de trajectoire des sites, et dans une perspective de recherche appliquée, sur les implications de nos résultats pour le réseau des RN. / During the last four decades, nature conservation in protected areas (PAs) has been characterized by major changes. Early PAs have often been perceived as human-exclusion areas, whereas modern PAs have been designated more as integrated conservation and development projects. This evolution has involved major changes in objectives, management practices, governance systems, and relationship of PA’s to their surrounding environments. Nowadays, PA managers take into account processes that go beyond PA boundaries, investigate economic and social issues of development, and pay a special attention to local involvement. Here, we focus on French Nature Reserves (NRs), one of the main regulatory tools of the French nature protection policy. We characterize the interactions between NRs and the socioecosystems in which they interact. This study focus on two scales: the national scale and all of the 277 nature reserves, and the local scale with 10 case studies. At the national scale, we show how the emergence of sustainable development discourses in the nature reserve network have led us to analyze institutional, organizational, cultural and political issues. We describe the distribution of NR practices along a gradient going from a traditional model to an integrative model. We explain the observed practices as a combination of three types of variables : (i) general geographical characteristics of the NRs; (ii) value systems and perceptions of managers and (iii) characteristics of surrounding environments. On the basis of 10 case studies, we characterize the socioecosystems constituted by NRs and their surroundings territories. We analyze the articulation identified at the national scale between conservation practices, characteristics of NRs, territories and managers, both inside the reserves and beyond their spatial and functional boundaries. On the basis of frameworks for analyzing sustainability of complex socioecosystems, ecological solidarity, political ecology and institutional approaches, we identify the key variables in the implementation of collective action and adaptive management of both NRs and socioecosystems. Our analysis illustrates the limits of the implemented institutional arrangements. We conclude on the idea of NR trajectories, and on the practical implications of this work for the French NR system.

Blacks in the United States have the highest rates of hypertension in the world, and their cardiovascular disease mortality rates are higher than for any other population group as a result of traditional risk factors such as obesity and stronger family history. However, additional underlying factors, such as social determinants of health (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES]) and macrosocial factors (e.g., racism), also correlate with adverse health outcomes. This study investigated whether the interaction between SES mobility over the lifecourse and lifetime racial discrimination influenced the extent to which hypertension contributed to the cardiovascular disease health disparities observed among Blacks in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Using a socioecological framework, cross-sectional data collected from the baseline period on a cohort of 5,302 JHS participants were analyzed with multiple regression techniques. The study findings indicated that SES mobility, as measured by education, predicted both the racial discrimination exposure and the burden that individuals experience. However, neither SES mobility nor racial discrimination had any effect in moderating the relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular disease when examined individually or collectively. This study examined a new approach for measuring the influence of racial discrimination on health outcomes. Multidisciplinary public health and research partners should continue to advance understanding of the complex health impact of such experiences on individuals and the dynamics that create racial factors in order to effect social change.

Malaria in pregnancy remains a public health challenge in Nigeria despite the fund appropriation for malaria control. The health challenges of malaria in pregnancy vary with populations and there is limited knowledge on the impact of the socioeconomic status and health-seeking behavior on malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria. The objective of this cross-sectional quantitative survey was to examine whether socioeconomic status and health-seeking behavior predict malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria using the social cognitive theoretical model. The data from a 2015 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey was used in this study. Data were analyzed using chi-square, binary, and multivariate logistics regression analyses. The study demonstrated that socioeconomic status (wealth index/income [Poorest: OR 2.709, 95% CI 1.869-3.928, p 0.000; Poorer: OR 1.791, 95% CI 1.256-2.555, p 0.00] and no education: OR 2.868, 95% CI 1.761-4.671, p 0.000) made significant contributions in predicting malaria in pregnancy. The research results also showed that socioeconomic status is a predictor of health-seeking behavior (wealth index/income [Poorest: OR 0.414, 95% CI 0.244-0.705, p 0.001], no education: OR 0.329, 95% CI 0.174-0.622, p 0.001 and primary education: OR 0.348, 95% CI 0.191-0.636, p 0.001). Additionally, the study findings showed that malaria in pregnancy determined the choice of formal health-seeking behavior by pregnant women (malaria in pregnancy: OR 0.551, 95% CI 0.469-0.648, p 0.000). The results of this research might guide Nigeria's Ministry of Health to develop approaches on women empowerment that would focus on socioeconomic status and health-seeking behavior of women such as programs to improve women's education and income generation.

This study is an exploration of the possibility of pedagogical partnership between low socioeconomic public high school principals and their classroom teachers for the purpose of advancing critical thinking skills and critical consciousness development in their students. This study will explore the viability of these partnerships through the perspectives of associate superintendents, principals, and teachers. The exploration will seek to determine the participants’ willingness to partner pedagogically, their readiness to advance critical thinking and critical consciousness development in their students, and their perception of district and state policies that might help or stand in the way of such development. / text

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The southwest Yukon social-ecological system (SES) is marked by complex changes, including a climate induced directionally changing landscape, an increasing shift away from traditional subsistence lifestyles, and changing species composition. The addition of “new” ungulate species through human and non-human introductions has spawned many management questions. This study developed qualitative scenarios through a participatory process, utilizing scientific and traditional knowledge from within the social-ecological system’s local context. The study worked with local management groups to address two main objectives: 1.) Collaboratively envision alternate future scenarios with management groups from which to collaboratively develop management goals for wood bison, elk, and mule deer to cope with the changing social and ecological landscape of the southwest Yukon and 2.) Discover resource managers’ and local stakeholders’ perceptions of scenario planning as a method identify wildlife management goals. A series of three workshops with the Alsek Renewable Resource Council, the Yukon Wood Bison Technical Team, and the Yukon Elk Management Planning Team addressed the first objective, while two surveys addressed the second objective. Major findings included southwest Yukon-specific wildlife management goals and considerations for using scenario planning in a wildlife management context. The scenarios themselves warn of plausible events that might unfold, such as novel disease and pest outbreaks. Several participants mentioned that the value attributed to different species will change based on scenario context. This prompts warnings for wildlife managers not to “shut the door” on a species today that may be highly valuable for solving food security challenges of the future. Findings suggest that one of scenario planning’s most significant contribution is a forum for people to share perspectives and develop trust and understanding of one another. All participants valued the holistic and long-term thinking aspects of scenario planning, seeing it as a complementary tool to enhance existing planning processes. Major resource management plans and/or resource development projects in the future should consider using a scenarios approach to better articulated goals in terms of whole system impacts.

This study examined the relationship between reports of controlling behaviors and education/income in a sample of 297 abused women and 2951 non-abused women in married or cohabitating relationships. This study confirmed that women who reported abuse were more likely to report all five of the controlling behaviors than women who did not report abuse. However, the abuse and non-abuse samples did show similar relationships between the controlling/isolating behaviors and the SES variables. This study found that the higher the respondent's or their partner's education and income, the less likely they were to report controlling/isolating behaviors. Also, the respondent's education and income had the same number of statistically significant relationships with the controlling behaviors as the partner's education and income.

El presente proyecto de plan de negocio tiene como objetivo implementar un colegio en Villa el Salvador, el cual nos muestra que, según el análisis de mercado, nuestra decisión estratégica permitirá explotar las actuales y recientes necesidades educativas de las nuevas familias emergentes con mayor capacidad adquisitiva y mayores factores aspiracionales de crecimiento socioeconómico. Por lo que existe una conveniente oportunidad de negocio, la misma que se ve fortalecida por la cercanía de nuestra sede a los nuevos centros de desarrollo urbano y a los polos productivos de la zona. El nombre elegido para el colegio es Terra Nova, el cual ofrecerá una moderna infraestructura, equipamiento vanguardista, con convenios para segundo idioma e informática, áreas multifuncionales, talleres, formación técnica extracurricular para secundaria y capacidad para 680 alumnos, ofreciendo una educación de alta calidad con una metodología basada en el aprendizaje por proyectos (ABP), todo ello concreta una sinergia diferenciadora y altamente apreciada en el nivel socioeconómico C – D. Para la ejecución del presente proyecto se requerirá una inversión de S/ 8,168,595, financiado por los accionistas y de una entidad financiera. Los valores positivos obtenidos mediante el análisis financiero nos permiten asegurar que el proyecto es viable y atractivo, pues supera las expectativas de los accionistas y se muestra sostenible más allá del período analizado de 10 años. / This business plan project aims at implementing a school in Villa El Salvador. According to the market analysis, our strategic decision will exploit the current and recent educational needs of new emerging families with greater monetary capacity, and greater aspirational factors of socioeconomic growth. Therefore, it is a business opportunity, which is strengthened by the proximity of our headquarters to the new urban development centers and the productive poles of the area. The name chosen for the school is Terra Nova, which will offer a modern infrastructure, avant-garde equipment, with conventions for second language and computer labs, multifunctional areas, workshops, extracurricular technical training for secondary students, and a capacity for 680 students. Offering a high quality education with a methodology based on Project based learning (PBL), all these form a differentiating synergy, which is highly appreciated in the socioeconomic levels C and D. For the execution of this project, an investment of S / 8,168,595 will be required, financed by the shareholders and a financial entity. The positive values obtained through financial analysis allow us to ensure that the project is viable and attractive, since it exceeds the expectations of shareholders and is sustainable beyond the analyzed period of 10 years. / Trabajo de investigación

This thesis presents a product development project done at Scania Ferruform in Luleå. The process that was used is called Stage-Gating which means that the project is divided into gates. The gates used in this project were the following: Planning, Concept development, Ergonomic analysis, Analysis of culture and work environment, Refinement & Documentation. The purpose was to generate concepts that lowers the overall load on the operators at the crossmember painting lines unloading station, to better the production. The subsystems investigated in this project were the following: Trolley, Hooks, Lifting table (+Control panel) & Pallets (Packaging). The mission from Scania was to analyse, concept generate, find tools and solutions to the crossmember painting line. The aim was to deliver: Foundation of product development regarding the unloading station, Ergonomic evaluations of the chosen concept towards today’s station, Analysis of work environment and culture & Report. The project was started by interviewing operators and leaders to get a clear picture of the current situation and what has been done so far. The method to reach the desired solutions consists mainly of concept generation. To evaluate and choose concept, Screening and Scoring was used which ensures that the best possible concept is chosen. The chosen concept that is called Concept 3 includes 14 new functions where some functions are more important than others. The results show that Concept 3 will perform 30–60 % better regarding ergonomics than today’s station. It also shows that at the average of the amount of lifts per takt, the ergonomic evaluation get a red evaluation in the zones where the operators work the most. Culture and work environment shows that skepticism towards the management is deeply rooted in the culture which leads to a worker collective to form. In turn, this leads to that unhealthy working conditions is enforced by the culture itself. More results can be seen in the section Results & Discussion. One of the most important conclusions is that even if the chosen concept improves the ergonomics, it does not eliminate the extreme loads and the extent of beams the operators are lifting daily. Even with proof of improvement, it is impossible to eliminate the immense load — which leads to that something else than the operator have to take up the force of the beams. Manual handling is therefore not an option to consider.

No description available.