Diploma thesis "A Comparative Analysis of Foreign News in the Main News Sessions of TV Stations ČT1, TV Nova and Prima TV in 2010" studies the way of producing foreign news by Czech TV stations in the year 2010. Also, it focuses on the question which countries were mentioned. The introductory part discusses the Czech and foreign literature and offers the overview of TV news production, international flow of communication and factors which influences the production of foreign news. It also introduces the main news sessions Události, Televizní noviny and Zprávy TV Prima. The analysis of foreign news service is divided into two parts, first inquires into differences in used types of reports, their representation in the main news sessions, the topical structure and other characteristics connected with the production of news. Then, the second part concentrates on the states which were mentioned in the foreign news and focuses on the impacts influencing the production of foreign news by the Czech TV stations. For both parts of the analysis methods of quantitative research were used. The thesis also studies the differences between the main news sessions of private TV channels TV Nova and Prima TV and ČT1 which offer public service broadcasting. The final part summarizes the results of the quantitative...

Title: Analysis of training units in squash Targets/aims:The aim is to identify as squash coaches divided their training session and how gradually shift the individual exercises in the main part of the lesson and at what level of exertion these exercises are. The second aim is using the MADI clarify which aspects of interactions take place between coach and player of squash in the training session. Methods: At work we used the method of participant observation, where the researcher was that of a full observer. Data were collected by video and audio recording of acquisition training session thirty squash coaches. Data analysis was performed using the modified analysis didactic interaction and observation method using a categorical system was used to analyse the structure of the training session. The results were interpreted comparisons. Results: When we are analysing the structure of the training session, we found that most of the wards of the coaches training workout begins musculoskeletal system load, half of the coaches listed as the main part in the correct sequence specific exercise intensity and almost half of the wards of the coaches' momentum system performs regeneration after intensive physical activity. We found that the method of teaching interactions for coaches is very different....

Mapa conceitual (MC) é uma técnica de organização e representação do conhecimento através de uma rede proposicional. Ainda que utilizado no âmbito da educação formal poucos trabalhos mencionam a importância e necessidade da capacitação na técnica para que se possa desfrutar de seus benefícios. Este estudo desenvolveu um instrumento para avaliar o nível de conhecimento de mapeadores após o processo de capacitação em MCs. A tabela de clareza proposicional, o MC semiestruturado e a aprendizagem colaborativa expandida foram três estratégias instrucionais desenvolvidas a fim de permitir que os alunos compreendessem os quatro conceitos centrais do mapeamento conceitual: proposição, questão focal, recursividade e hierarquia. Um questionário (escala Likert 5-níveis) contendo cinco afirmações foi desenvolvido, validado (? de Cronbach 0,902) e aplicado para medir a compreensão dos alunos sobre os MCs. Os questionários (n = 232) foram coletados na última aula da disciplina Ciências da Natureza, oferecida aos alunos ingressantes da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH/USP Leste) em 2009 e 2010. Quatro turmas receberam treinamento sistemático em MCs (grupo experimental) enquanto uma turma não recebeu o mesmo treinamento (grupo controle). A análise dos dados envolveu o tratamento estatístico de comparação entre médias por teste-t de Student e a estatística multivariada exploratória com métodos de reconhecimento de padrões através das análises hierárquica de agrupamentos (HCA) e de componentes principais (PCA). O resultado do teste-t confirmou que o questionário foi capaz de diferenciar alunos do grupo experimental em relação ao grupo controle. A HCA agrupou os alunos de acordo com seu nível de entendimento em mapeamento conceitual e a PCA, além de corroborar com os resultados da HCA, indicou que o entendimento da clareza semântica de proposições e da importância da pergunta focal são críticos para se tornar proficiente na técnica. / Concept Map (Cmap) is a technique to organize and represent knowledge through a propositional net. Although the fact that concept maps are used in formal education context few papers has mentioned the importance and necessity of a straight-forward training session on the technique, which allow to enjoy its benefits. This study develops an instrument to assess the level of knowledge of mappers after the straight-forward training session. The propositional clarity table, the half structured Cmap and the expanded collaborative learning were the three strategies responsible to guarantee the understanding of four central concepts in conceptual mapping: proposition, focal question, recursivity revision and hierarchy. Five statements\' questionnaire (five-level Likert\'s scale) was developed, validated (Cronbach\'s alpha 0.902) and tested to assess the students\' understanding about Cmaps. Those questionnaires (n = 232) was collected on the last class of Natural Science course offered to first year\'s students of the Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (School of Arts, Science and Humanities - University of São Paulo) in 2009 and 2010. Four classes was systematic trained (experimental group) and one class does not received the same training (control group). The data analysis involved the statistical treatment to comparison between the means by Student\'s t-test and non-supervised exploratory multivariate analysis for pattern recognition by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of t-test confirmed the questionnaire capability to distinguish the students of experimental from control group. HCA clustered the students according to their knowlodge level in concept mapping. PCA not only agree with the HCA results but also demonstrated that the understanding of propositional clarity semantic and the importance of focal question are critical to students that desire to be proficiencies in Cmaps.

O Sistema Multidimensional de Categorização de Comportamentos na Interação Terapêutica (SiMCCIT) desenvolvido por Zamignani e Meyer em 2007 pretende descrever o que ocorre em sessões de psicoterapias por meio de categorias de comportamentos de terapeutas e clientes. A pergunta que o presente estudo pretendeu responder é se o eixo correspondente ao comportamento verbal vocal desse sistema é capaz de identificar diferenças entre terapias bem e mal sucedidas quando aplicado às quartas sessões. A avaliação das terapias foi feita com um critério misto definido por: a) os resultados do Inventário de Aliança Terapêutica (WAI), b) presença de comportamentos de melhoras e de análise e c) relato de outras mudanças de comportamentos do cliente. De um total de 25 terapias com as quatro primeiras sessões gravadas em áudio, seis foram consideradas bem sucedidas, seis mal sucedidas e 13 foram consideradas terapias com resultados intermediários. Foi realizada a categorização da quarta sessão das terapias bem sucedidas e das terapias mal sucedidas. Os dados sugerem a existência de algumas diferenças entre as sessões das terapias bem e mal sucedidas, embora não significativas estatisticamente. Nas sessões das terapias bem sucedidas observou-se que: a categoria Solicitação de Relato tendeu a ser um pouco mais frequente em todos os casos; a categoria Solicitação apresentou uma porcentagem discretamente maior e ocorreu uma correlação positiva entre facilitação e empatia. Nas sessões das terapias mal sucedidas constatou-se que: a categoria relato ou foi menos frequente ou mais frequente que nas sessões das Terapias Bem Sucedidas; quanto mais os clientes relatavam mais os terapeutas facilitavam seus relatos e que quanto mais os terapeutas solicitavam reflexões, mais metas os clientes se propunham a realizar. Como as diferenças da categorização não foram estatisticamente significativas em casos julgados diferentes concluiu-se que o eixo de comportamento verbal vocal do SiMCCIT diferenciou pouco as terapias bem e mal sucedidas. Algumas variáveis dificultaram a observação da capacidade do sistema de diferenciar as sessões das terapias bem e mal sucedidas: o número reduzido da amostra e o uso de apenas um dos eixos do sistema. Discutiu-se assim a necessidade de ampliar a amostra e utilizar outros eixos do sistema, como o de temas / The Multidimensional System for coding Behaviors in Therapist-Client Interaction (SiMCCIT), developed by Zamignani and Meyer, intend to describe what happens in psychotherapy sessions using behavioral categories of therapists and clients. The question that this study intended to answer was if this system is able to identify differences between successful and unsuccessful therapies. The assessment of therapy success was made with a mixed criterion defined by: (a) the results of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI); (b) presence of improved behavior and analysis and (c) report of other changes in client behavior. In the total of 25 therapies with the first four sessions audio recorded, six were considered successful, six unsuccessful and 13 intermediate. The fourth sessions of successful and unsuccessful therapies were categorized. The data suggest some differences between the successful and unsuccessful therapy sessions, although not statistically significant. In the successful therapy sessions it was noted that: the category Request Report tended to be slightly more frequent in all sessions, the category Request showed a slightly higher percentage, and there was a positive correlation between Facilitation and Empathy. In the sessions of unsuccessful therapies it was found that: clients reported more or less than in successful therapies, the more clients reported more therapists facilitated their reports and that the more therapist asked reflections, the more goals clients proposed to undertake. Because the differences in categorization were not statistically significant in cases considered different it was concluded that the axis of vocal verbal behavior of SiMCCIT did not differentiate the successful from unsuccessful therapies. Some variables hampered the ability of the system to differentiate between sessions of successful and unsuccessful therapies: the reduced number of the sample and the use of only one of the axes of the system. It was discussed the need to expand the sample and use other axes of the system, such as themes

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Pucci Penteado de Faria e Silva.pdf: 5076891 bytes, checksum: 4c1b9a777efc7f8bad0749245f9ca44d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In this thesis we discuss the discursive complexity of session reports written by Psychopedagogy students under supervised training and demonstrate the conflicts inherent in the work of a pre-service psychopedagogue, which involves the interaction between discursive partners: patients, student/psychopedagogue, and teacher/supervisor. With this aim, we searched for guidelines on Psychopedagogy regulations in Brazil, a field comprising professionals from various backgrounds and constituting the sphere of circulation of the reports. We then reflect on the procedures involved in the activity of writing at the clinical session, articulating scarce prescription on the theme with what can be inferred from a few published cases. Finally, we carry out an analysis of the session reports produced in the academic sphere. Considering that Psychopedagogy approaches the subject in its historical, social, desiring and relational dimension, we understand this subject as one of the voices present in the reports, being introduced in the writings of the student/psychopedagogue, the enunciator who leaves in those documents the marks of their emotional volitive center, around which the writing is organized. The apparent discursive tensions constituting the reports point to the appropriateness of Bakhtin-based dialogical theory as theoretical grounding for the identification of the forms of presence of different discursive voices and their architectonical forms upon which the theme of the utterance is constituted. The analytical corpus has been composed of: a) excerpts from reports corresponding to a clinical case conducted by pre-service students in the advanced diploma in Psychopedagogy at COGEAE/PUC-SP between March 2004 and February 2005; and b) excerpts from reports corresponding to two cases conducted in the second semester of 2007 by students in the Psychopedagogical Diagnosis class of the same program. The reports, being unique and unrepeatable concrete utterances, have their theme established from the discursive position of their author/enunciator. Thus, we take as premises to our research that: a) the connection between patient and knowledge is studied on the basis of the model of their first binding relationships; and b) the investigation of the relation between patient and the figures that take on the paternal and maternal roles results in the presence of the parental discourse in the sessions. From those premises, we propose the following hypothesis: if the dialogical analysis of the reports written by pre-service students on the basis of the psychopedagogical clinical activity reveals the discursive tensions between the voices present in such documents, then the perception of those tensions may contribute to the clinical study of the cases and to a reflection on the pre-service student/psychopedagogue s activity. The analyses show that the report brings a description of the clinic and makes apparent the reading which its author makes of the event, pointing to various angles from which the patient s discourse and those cited by them are interrelated. Besides, the dialogical reading of the reports shows that the instabilities concerning the legitimacy of the field mark the constitution of those utterances. Therefore, we hope this study will contribute to: 1) the understanding of the discursive nature of the reports and their role in the psychopedagogue s work; 2) the comprehension of the supervised cases, showing the pertinence of the Applied Linguistics/Psychopedagogy interface; and 3) a reflection on the establishment of Psychopedagogy as a clinical activity / Nesta tese, discutimos a complexidade discursiva dos relatórios de atendimento clínico elaborados por estudantes de Psicopedagogia em estágio supervisionado e demonstramos os embates inerentes ao trabalho do psicopedagogo em formação, que envolve a interação entre os seguintes parceiros discursivos: paciente, estagiário/psicopedagogo, professor/supervisor. Para tanto, buscamos esclarecimentos sobre regulamentação do campo da Psicopedagogia no Brasil, em que atuam profissionais com formações diversas e que se constitui como esfera de circulação dos relatórios. Em seguida, refletimos sobre procedimentos relativos à atividade da escrita da clínica, articulando a escassa prescrição sobre o tema com o que se pode inferir de alguns casos publicados. Efetuamos, por fim, a análise de relatórios de atendimento clínico produzidos na esfera acadêmica. Considerando que a Psicopedagogia trata do sujeito nas suas dimensões histórica, social, desejante e relacional, entendemos que esse sujeito é uma das vozes presentes nos relatórios inserida pela escrita do estagiário/psicopedagogo, enunciador que deixa nesses documentos as marcas de seu centro emocional volitivo, a partir do qual a escrita se organiza. As aparentes tensões discursivas constitutivas dos relatórios apontaram para a adequação da teoria dialógica de perspectiva bakhtiniana como fundamentação teórica capaz de embasar a identificação das formas de presença das diferentes vozes discursivas e de sua organização em uma forma arquitetônica a partir da qual o tema do enunciado se constitui. O corpus de análise foi organizado a partir de: a) excertos de relatórios referentes a um atendimento feito por estagiários do curso de Especialização em Psicopedagogia da COGEAE/PUC-SP, entre março de 2004 e fevereiro de 2005 e b) excertos de relatórios provenientes de dois atendimentos realizados no segundo semestre de 2007 por estudantes da disciplina Diagnóstico Psicopedagógico, do mesmo curso de especialização. Os relatórios, sendo enunciados concretos, únicos e irrepetíveis, têm seu tema estabelecido a partir da posição discursiva de seu enunciador/autor. Assim sendo, são premissas desta pesquisa: a) a relação do paciente com o conhecimento é estudada a partir do modelo das suas primeiras relações vinculares e b) a investigação da relação do paciente com as figuras que exercem a função paterna e materna resulta na presença dos discursos parentais nas sessões. A partir dessas premissas, trabalhamos com a seguinte hipótese norteadora: se a análise dialógica dos relatórios escritos por estagiários a partir da atividade clínica psicopedagógica é reveladora de tensões discursivas entre as vozes presentes nesses documentos, então a percepção dessas tensões pode contribuir para o estudo clínico dos casos e para a reflexão sobre a atividade do estagiário/psicopedagogo. As análises demonstram que o relatório traz uma descrição da clínica e evidencia a leitura que seu autor faz desse evento, apontando para ângulos diferentes sob os quais o discurso do paciente o os discursos por ele citados se relacionam. Além disso, a leitura dialógica dos relatórios mostra que as instabilidades de legitimação do campo marcam a constituição desses enunciados. Portanto, esperamos que este estudo contribua para: 1) o entendimento da natureza discursiva dos relatórios e sua função no trabalho do psicopedagogo; 2) a compreensão dos casos atendidos, o que mostra a pertinência da interface Linguística Aplicada/Psicopedagogia, e 3) a reflexão sobre a constituição da Psicopedagogia como atividade clínica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucilene Prado Silva.pdf: 1448133 bytes, checksum: e53bc21a1c0188cdc65baa61c8ea16ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-24 / Studies indicate that couples with or without conflicts have precisely the same types of problems, and that what differentiates them, are their abilities of communication and solution of problems. Although some investigators treat training and problem solving training as one module, the two types of training are quite different as to what concerns procedure and concept. Considering that many clients that look for therapeutic help only attend an single session, and that couples are more demanding concerning the speed of results, any progress obtained in the first session could contribute to treatment adherence or could even be the only chance the therapist has to promote significant changes in the couple's life. The general objective of the present project was to explore the effects of two interventions in single sessions of couple therapy, one focusing on communication and the other on problem solving. Six couples participated in the study, divided in two groups: one group receiving the communication-focused intervention (group A) and another receiving the problem solving focused intervention (group B). The results of group A suggest that it is possible, with a single session, to effectively improve the communication of the couple. However, the teaching of problem solving strategies did not result in improvement. More studies are necessary to improve the techniques. single session couple therapy, communication and problem solving training. / Estudos indicam que casais com ou sem conflitos parecem ter precisamente os mesmos conjuntos de problemas, sendo o que os diferenciam, entre outros fatores, as habilidades de comunicação e solução de problemas. Apesar de alguns investigadores tratarem o treinamento de comunicação e solução de problemas como um único módulo, os dois tipos de treino são bastante diferentes e podem ser distinguidos quanto ao procedimento e conceito. Considerando que muitos clientes que buscam ajuda terapêutica só assistem a uma única sessão, e que casais são mais exigentes quanto a rapidez dos resultados, uma intervenção que necessitasse de apenas uma sessão para produzir mudanças no relacionamento poderia contribuir para a aderência ao tratamento, ou para promover mudanças significativas na vida do casal. O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi explorar os efeitos de duas intervenções em sessões únicas de casal, uma com enfoque na comunicação e a outra com enfoque na solução de problemas. Participaram do estudo seis casais, divididos em dois grupos: um de enfoque na comunicação (grupo A) e outro de enfoque na solução de problemas (grupo B). Os resultados sugerem que é possível, com uma única sessão, ensinar novas estratégias ao casal para que, melhorando sua comunicação, possa enfrentar melhor os problemas. Entretanto, são necessárias mais pesquisas para melhorar as técnicas de intervenção, e ampliar o seu alcance.

Este trabalho propõe políticas para servidores Web baseados em sessões, visando ao oferecimento de garantias de qualidade de serviço (Quality of Service - QoS) a seus usuários. Para o fornecimento de QoS, dois tipos de políticas são consideradas: as responsáveis pela diferenciação de serviços e as responsáveis pelo controle de admissão. Alguns algoritmos de escalonamento foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo de oferecer melhores serviços para as sessões prioritárias: o algoritmo de escalonamento baseado em sessão (SBSA) e o algoritmo de escalonamento baseado em sessão com diferenciação de serviços (SBSA-DS). Quanto ao controle de admissão, foram consideradas duas novas políticas, as quais utilizam diferentes parâmetros para a tomada de decisão e têm como objetivo garantir a finalização do maior número de sessões prioritárias. A partir dos resultados obtidos nos experimentos realizados por meio de simulação, constatou-se que o emprego dos algoritmos e das políticas desenvolvidos melhora o atendimento das sessões para as quais deve ser oferecido um serviço preferencial. Portanto, em servidores Web preocupados com a garantia de QoS para seus usuários, os quais interagem com o sistema por meio de sessões, o uso dessas novas técnicas se mostra adequado / This work considers policies for Web servers based on sessions, aiming at the guarantees of Quality of Service (QoS) to the systems users. Two types of policies are considered: the responsible for the differentiation of services and the responsible for the admission control. Some scheduling algorithms had been developed to offer better services for the priority sessions: the Session Based Scheduling Algorithm (SBSA) and the Session Based Scheduling Algorithm with Differentiation of Services (SBSA-DS). In relation to the admission control, two new policies had been considered, which use different parameters to help the decisions and have as objective guarantee the finalization of as many priority sessions as possible. From the obtained results of the experiments realized by mean of simulation, it is evidenced that the use of the developed algorithms and policies improves the attendance of the sessions that deserve preferential service. Therefore, in Web servers worried in the guarantee the QoS for their users, which interact with the system by sessions, the use of these new techniques reveals adequate

The present dissertation consists of three empirical studies on children and adolescents presenting with various specific phobias in Stockholm, Sweden and in Virginia, USA. The overall aim was to contribute to our understanding of childhood fears, anxiety and phobias and to evaluate the efficacy and portability of a one-session treatment of specific phobias in youth. Study I tested the dimensionality of the Parental Bonding Instrument, across three generations and for two countries, and examined if parenting behaviors of indifference and overprotection were associated with more anxiety problems in children. The results showed that the four-factor representation of parental behavior provided an adequate fit for the instrument across informants. Perceived overprotection was associated with significantly more anxiety symptoms and comorbid diagnosis in children. Study II explored parent-child agreement on a diagnostic screening instrument for youths. The results indicated that children scoring high on motivation at treatment entry had generally stronger parent-child agreement on co-occurring diagnoses and severity ratings. Parents reported overall more diagnoses for their children, and parents who themselves qualified for a diagnosis seemed more tuned in to their children’s problematic behavior. Study III compared a one-session treatment with an education-supportive treatment condition, and a wait-list control condition for children presenting with various types of specific phobias. The results showed that both treatment conditions were superior to the wait-list control condition and that one-session exposure treatment was superior to education-supportive treatment on several measures. Treatment effects were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. Overall, the above findings suggest that the one-session treatment is portable and effective in treating a variety of specific phobias in children and adolescents.

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a client-centered, directive approach for behavior change. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is a theory of human motivation and self-determined growth. Both of these social-cognitive theories aim to explain motivation and health behavior change and have generated a lot of research on how to increase human motivation. However, MI lacks a definite theory on mechanisms of behavior change and SDT offers a theory of motivation based on extensive research on human interactions. This paper aims to critically look at facilitators of client motivation for behavior change in-session from a social-cognitive perspective on one hand, and neural correlates related to client behavior change on the other hand. MI and SDT somewhat similarly explain what most importantly determines client motivation for change in-session. However, SDT mainly focus on psychological needs such as fostering client autonomy, and MI focus on the therapeutic alliance and on generating client change talk in-session. Efforts to bridge the two methods aim at generating a clearer definition of motivation in MI, and a better framework of practice in SDT. Studies on neural correlates of behavior change support and challenge elements of both approaches, indicating the importance of autonomy and relatedness for motivating positive behavior change.

Due to their massive user base and request load, large-scale Internet applications have mainly focused on goals such as performance and scalability. As a result, many of these applications rely on weaker but more efficient and simpler authentication mechanisms. However, as recent incidents have demonstrated, powerful adversaries are exploiting the weaknesses in such mechanisms. While more robust authentication mechanisms exist, most of them fail to address the scale and security needs of these large-scale systems. In this dissertation we demonstrate that by taking into account the specific requirements and threat model of large-scale Internet applications, we can design authentication protocols for such applications that are not only more robust but also have low impact on performance, scalability and existing infrastructure. In particular, we show that there is no inherent conflict between stronger authentication and other system goals. For this purpose, we have designed, implemented and experimentally evaluated three robust authentication protocols: Proxychain, for SIP-based VoIP authentication; One-Time Cookies (OTC), for Web session authentication; and Direct Validation of SSL/TLS Certificates (DVCert), for server-side SSL/TLS authentication. These protocols not only offer better security guarantees, but they also have low performance overheads and do not require additional infrastructure. In so doing, we provide robust and practical authentication mechanisms that can improve the overall security of large-scale VoIP and Web applications.