目前許多網路應用程式（web application），遵循三層式開發架構，並藉由「會談」（session）營造出具有狀態機制的環境。雖然會談能將流程串起，其重要性無庸置疑，卻因分層的關係，造成想要在任一記錄點上，取得會談資訊的困難。 本研究的目的，即在嘗試以「剖面導向程式設計」（Aspect-Oriented Programming）為基礎，希望能打造一個簡單易用的工具，將「記錄」（log）這種非功能性，屬於橫切面考量的需求，暫時排除在開發階段外，到事後再以挑選的方式，更輕鬆地加入或修改。更重要的是，將會談資訊中的使用者帳號，或可資識別的序號，內嵌在每行記錄裏，因此稱為「具會談概念的記錄」。讓記錄內容的設計者，不需再為了如何封裝、傳遞、拆解而浪費時間。因為記錄與系統開發是獨立的，即使上線後，臨時性的記錄修改需求，也不至於對既有的穩定與效能，造成重大影響，或不可復原的災難性結果。 / Logging is an important part to application development for purposes such as debugging and auditing. While there are many good frameworks and utilities for assisting logging in application development, it is still not an easy task for the logging action to provide enough information for those purposes. Specifically, the user account information in particular or the session information in general is not easy to obtain when we perform logging for a designated backend operation such as database query. The reasons are twofold. Firstly, applications do not use user accounts, but have their own accounts to access database. Secondly, the three-tiered structure of an application makes it difficult to thread the user accounts to the backend for logging. This thesis presents an aspect-based utility for Java-based Web applications that enables developer to generate customizable logs with session information, including user accounts. Our tool employs two aspects: one predefined aspect for collecting session information and the other is generic one for producing user-defined logs at designated application points. Specifically, the tool takes a wizard-based approach that guides the user to customize the second aspect for its own target points in a user-friendly manner.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The use of specialized single-level networks in current military operations is inadequate to meet the need to share information envisioned by the Global Information Grid (GIG). Multilevel security (MLS) is a key Information Assurance enabler for the GIG vision. The Monterey Security Architecture (MYSEA), a distributed MLS network, eliminates the need to use separate equipment to connect to many networks at different classification levels. It allows users to view data at different sensitivities simultaneously. MYSEA also allows commercial software and hardware to be used at clients. To address the threat of residual data on the client after a user session change in security state, the MYSEA clients are required to be "stateless", i.e., there is no non-volatile writable memory. Hence the MYSEA server must provide the clients with the ability to execute server-resident client-side applications to access data at different security levels over the MLS Local Area Network (LAN). The MYSEA server currently does not support such capability. This thesis addresses this limitation. A new trusted process family is introduced to provide a pseudo-socket interface for the single level remote application to access the MLS LAN interface. Detailed design specifications were created to facilitate implementation of the remote application support. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

La Voix sur IP (VoIP) est devenue un paradigme majeur pour fournir des services de télécommunications flexibles tout en réduisant les coûts opérationnels. Le déploiement à large échelle de la VoIP est soutenu par l'accès haut débit à l'Internet et par la standardisation des protocoles dédiés. Cependant, la VoIP doit également faire face à plusieurs risques comprenant des vulnérabilités héritées de la couche IP auxquelles s'ajoutent des vulnérabilités spécifiques. Notre objectif est de concevoir, implanter et valider de nouveaux modèles et architectures pour assurer une défense préventive, permettre le monitorage et la détection d'intrusion dans les réseaux VoIP. Notre travail combine deux domaines: celui de la sécurité des réseaux et celui de l'intelligence artificielle. Nous renforçons les mécanismes de sécurité existants en apportant des contributions sur trois axes : Une approche basée sur des mécanismes d'apprentissage pour le monitorage de trafic de signalisation VoIP, un pot de miel spécifique, et un modèle de corrélation des événements pour la détection d'intrusion. Pour l'évaluation de nos solutions, nous avons développés des agents VoIP distribués et gérés par une entité centrale. Nous avons développé un outil d'analyse des traces réseaux de la signalisation que nous avons utilisé pour expérimenter avec des traces de monde réel. Enfin, nous avons implanté un prototype de détection d'intrusion basé sur des règles de corrélation des événements. / Voice over IP (VoIP) has become a major paradigm for providing flexible telecommunication services and reducing operational costs. The large-scale deployment of VoIP has been leveraged by the high-speed broadband access to the Internet and the standardization of dedicated protocols. However, VoIP faces multiple security issues including vulnerabilities inherited from the IP layer as well as specific ones. Our objective is to design, implement and validate new models and architectures for performing proactive defense, monitoring and intrusion detection in VoIP networks. Our work combines two domains: network security and artificial intelligence. We reinforce existent security mechanisms by working on three axes: a machine learning approach for VoIP signaling traffic monitoring, a VoIP specific honeypot and a security event correlation model for intrusion detection. In order to experiment our solutions, we have developed VoIP agents which are distributed and managed by a central entity. We have developed an analyzer of signaling network traces and we used it to analyze real-world traces. Finally, we have implemented a prototype of a rule-based event-driven intrusion detection system.

The purpose of this study is to understand teachers' view of what function the reading-aloud of fiction serves in preschool. A recent event motivating such a focus is the Government's stated aim of promoting reading in preschools and a general emphasis on reading as a teaching tool, which has been clarified in the 2018 revision of the preschool curriculum.  The result of my survey shows that more than half of the 368 participants are aware of or have heard about the Government's approach to reading, while just over a quarter of the participants do not know about it. However, most of them are positive about the school's clarification of reading as a teaching tool, regardless of whether they know about the initiative or not.  According to the result, reading aloud is prioritized by the teachers themselves and just under half of the teachers make their choices based on the students' wishes. In those cases, it is most common that the teacher selects books recommended by teacher colleagues or other teachers on social media.  The results also reveal that the stated purpose of reading aloud is to awaken the reading desire and gain a common language experience as well as to make the students interested in books. Here, the Swedish National Agency for Education emphasizes primarily the teachers' fourth option, namely reading as a pedagogical tool. Teachers also point out that the daily fruit session is well suited for taking time to read. / Syftet med studien är att bidra till en förbättrad förståelse av lärares syn på vad högläsning av skönlitteratur fyller för funktion i förskoleklass. Bakgrunden är regeringens tydliga satsning på högläsning i förskolor samt skolverkets betoning på högläsning som pedagogiskt redskap, vilket förtydligats i 2018 års revidering av läroplanen för förskolan.  Resultatet av min enkätstudie visar att mer än hälften av de 368 deltagarna känner till eller har hört talats om riksdagens satsning på högläsning, medan drygt en fjärdedel av deltagarna inte känner till den. Däremot ställer sig en övervägande del av deltagarna positiv till skolverkets förtydligande av högläsning som pedagogiskt verktyg, oavsett om de känner till satsningen eller ej.  Enligt resultatet prioriteras högläsningsböcker som läraren har läst själv och knappt hälften av lärarna gör sina val utifrån elevernas önskemål. Därefter är det vanligast att läraren går på rekommendationer från lärarkollegor och lärare på sociala medier.  Resultatet visar även att lärarnas främsta motiv till högläsning av skönlitteratur är att väcka elevers läslust och att skapa en gemensam språkupplevelse samt väcka elevens intresse för böcker. Här betonar Skolverket främst lärarnas fjärde alternativ, nämligen högläsning som pedagogiskt verktyg. Lärare påtalar även att den dagliga fruktstunden lämpar sig väl för att ta tid till högläsningen.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizete Cardoso Ibrahim.pdf: 1405992 bytes, checksum: 3e1457bd4a85d5120f1728260386c4e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this research is to verify how new meanings related to practice are built, based on the music activities developed in foreign language (FL) classes. This investigation includes the researcher, a teacher and a group of Junior students of a public high school in the city of Cotia. The research was carried out during the school year of 2006 and the material collected is composed of video recordings of four classes and audio recordings of three reflective sessions. The data analysis is grounded on the following aspects: (1) analysis of turn-taking and symmetry relations among the participants (Marcuschi, 2006); (2) analysis of thematic content (Bronckart, 1999); and (3) observation of how the participants place their enunciates (Bronckart, 1999). Two questions guided this study: (1) Which is the objective of the activities in the analyzed classes? ; (2) How the reflective sessions contributed to change the teacher attitude face music activities? This study is grounded on vygotskian concepts of learning and development, mediation and ZPD (Vygotsky, 1993, 1994), as well as on the conception of language developed by Bakhtin (1929, 1979) and on the reflexive actions suggested by Smyth (1992). The present study adopted, as the methodology, the interventional collaborative research (Magalhães, 1992), inserted in the critical-collaborative research frame, in a dialectical standpoint of the research context. From the discussion of the results, based on the theoretical frame, I verified that there are contradictions in the teacher s speech during the reflective sessions, such as the individual assessment of her own pedagogical practice. These contradictions are pointed out and discussed during the third reflective session of the present work. This research also indicates that the collaboration set during reflective sessions helped to construct a collective environment of knowledge which can potentially generate significant changes regarding the teacher and researcher stand / Esta investigação inclui a pesquisadora, uma professora-participante e uma turma de alunos do segundo ano do ensino médio do EJA (Ensino de Jovens e Adultos) de uma escola da rede pública estadual da cidade de Cotia. A pesquisa foi conduzida durante o ano letivo de 2006 e o material coletado é composto por gravações em vídeo de quatro aulas e gravações em áudio de três sessões reflexivas. A análise dos dados está fundamentada nas seguintes categorias: (1) análise dos turnos e das relações de simetria entre os participantes (Marcuschi, 2006); (2) análise dos conteúdos temáticos (Bronckart, 1999); e (3) observação do posicionamento enunciativo dos participantes (Bronckart, 1999). Duas questões nortearam este estudo: (1) Qual é o objetivo das atividades com música nas aulas analisadas? ; (2) Como as sessões reflexivas contribuíram para a mudança de atitude da professora em relação às atividades com música? O estudo está fundamentado nos conceitos vygotskianos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento, mediação e ZPD (Vygotsky, 1930, 1934), bem como na concepção de linguagem desenvolvida por Bakhtin (1929, 1979) e nas ações da ação reflexiva sugeridas por Smyth (1992). O presente estudo adotou, como metodologia, a pesquisa colaborativa de intervenção (Magalhães, 1992), inserida no quadro da pesquisa crítica de colaboração, em uma postura dialética diante do contexto de pesquisa. A partir da discussão dos resultados, com base no quadro teórico, pude verificar que há, no discurso da professora durante as sessões reflexivas, contradições no que diz respeito a sua prática pedagógica, contradições essas apontadas e discutidas durante a terceira sessão reflexiva. A pesquisa também aponta que a colaboração estabelecida durante essas sessões reflexivas auxiliou na construção de um espaço coletivo de conhecimento, propiciando modificações de postura tanto da professora participante quanto da pesquisadora

Service-oriented computing is a popular technology that facilitates the development of large-scale distributed systems. However, the modular composition and flexible coordination of such applications still remains challenging for the following reasons: 1) the services are provided as loosely coupled black boxes that only expose their interfaces to the environment; 2) interacting services are not usually known in advance: web services are dynamically chosen to fulfil certain roles and are often replaced by services with a similar functionality; 3) the nature of the service-based application is decentralised. Loose coupling of web services is often lost when it comes to the construction of an application from services. The reason is that the object-oriented paradigm, which is widely used in the implementation of web services, does not provide a mechanism for service interface self-tuning. As a result, it negatively impacts upon the interoperability of web services. In this dissertation we present a formal method for automatic service configuration in the presence of subtyping, polymorphism, and flow inheritance. This is a challenging problem. On the one hand, the interface description language must be flexible enough to maintain service compatibility in various contexts without any modification to the service itself. On the other hand, the composition of interfaces in a distributed environment must be provably consistent. Our method is based on constraint satisfaction and Boolean satisfiability. First, we define a language for specifying service interfaces in a generic form, which is compatible with a variety of contexts. The language provides support for parametric polymorphism, Boolean variables, which are used to control dependencies between any elements of interface collections, and flow inheritance using extensible records and variants. We implemented the method as a constraint satisfaction solver. In addition to this, we present a protocol for interface configuration. It specifies a sequence of steps that leads to the generation of context-specific service libraries from generic services. Furthermore, we developed a toolchain that performs a complete interface configuration for services written in C++. We integrated support for flexible interface objects (i.e. objects that can be transferred in the application along with their structural description). Although the protocol relies solely on interfaces and does not take behaviour concerns into account, it is capable of finding discrepancies between input and output interfaces for simple stateful services, which only perform message synchronisation. Two running examples (a three buyers use-case and an image processing application) are used along the way to illustrate our approach. Our results seem to be useful for service providers that run their services in the cloud. The reason is twofold. Firstly, interfaces and the code behind them can be generic as long as they are sufficiently configurable. No communication between service designers is necessary in order to ensure consistency in the design. Instead, the interface correspondence in the application is ensured by the constraint satisfaction algorithm, which we have already designed. Secondly, the configuration and compilation of every service are separated from the rest of the application. This prevents source code leaks in proprietary software which is running in the cloud.

O protocolo de teste/reteste no labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE) mostra que a experiência prévia no labirinto produz alterações duradouras nas respostas comportamentais de roedores. Nesse contexto, ratos submetidos ao LCE pela primeira vez apresentam um aumento característico na exploração dos braços abertos e uma redução dos comportamentos de avaliação de risco após a administração de drogas ansiolíticas. Na reexposição ao labirinto, porém, essas drogas tornam-se ineficazes em alterar as medidas tradicionais do LCE. Esse fenômeno foi inicialmente observado com o benzodiazepínico clordiazepóxido e referido como one-trial tolerance (tolerância de um ensaio OTT). A proposta do presente estudo é compreender a OTT por meio do exame dos fatores hormonais, cognitivos e neuroanatômicos envolvidos nesse fenômeno. A administração sistêmica do benzodiazepínico midazolam ou de metirapona, um bloqueador da síntese de glicocorticóides, reduziu a frequência dos comportamentos de avaliação de risco e dos níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona quando injetados antes das sessões teste ou reteste. Além disso, a reexposição de ratos ao LCE foi caracterizada por uma avaliação de risco mais proeminente, de acordo com a análise fatorial, e pela ativação de estruturas límbicas envolvidas com aspectos cognitivos do medo, como a região ventral do córtex pré-frontal medial (CPFm) e a amígdala, mostrada por meio da distribuição da proteína Fos. Midazolam administrado antes da primeira exposição ao LCE produziu uma redução significativa do número de neurônios Fos-positivos no córtex cingulado anterior, área 1 (Cg1) e nos núcleos anterior e pré-mamilar dorsal do hipotálamo. Por outro lado, midazolam causou uma redução no número de neurônios Fos-positivos no CPFm, amígdala, núcleo dorsomedial do hipotálamo e núcleos da rafe em ratos reexpostos ao LCE. Cg1 foi a única estrutura-alvo do benzodiazepínico em ambas as sessões. Resultados comportamentais similares aos produzidos pelo tratamento sistêmico foram obtidos com infusões de midazolam intra-Cg1. Esses resultados apontam para um papel crucial dos comportamentos de avaliação de risco no desenvolvimento da OTT e indicam o Cg1 como um importante sítio de ação ansiolítica dos benzodiazepínicos em roedores. / The elevated plus maze (EPM) test/retest protocol has shown that prior experience to the maze produces enduring changes in behavioral responses of rodents. In this context, rats submitted for the first time to the EPM display a characteristic increase in open arm exploration and reduced risk assessment behaviors after the administration of anxiolytic drugs. Upon re-exposure to the maze, however, these drugs become unable to change the traditional measures of the EPM. This phenomenon was initially observed with the benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide and referred to as one-trial tolerance (OTT). The purpose of the present study is to understand the OTT through the exam of the hormonal, cognitive and neuroanatomical factors involved in this phenomenon. The systemic administration of the benzodiazepine midazolam or metyrapone, a glucocorticoids synthesis blocker, reduced the frequency of risk assessment behaviors and the corticosterone levels when injected before the test or retest sessions. Moreover, the re-exposure of rats to the EPM was characterized by more prominent risk assessment behaviors, according to the factor analysis, and by activation of limbic structures involved with cognitive aspects of fear, such as the ventral regions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala, as shown through the distribution of the Fos protein. Midazolam injected before the first exposure to the EPM produced a significant decrease in the number of Fos-positive neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex, area 1 (Cg1), anterior and dorsal premammillary nuclei of hypothalamus. On the other hand, midazolam caused a decrease in the number of Fos-positive neurons in the mPFC, amygdala, dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus and raphe nuclei in rats re-exposed to the EPM. Cg1 was the only structure targeted by the benzodiazepine in both sessions. Behavioral results similar to those produced by systemic treatment were obtained with intra-Cg1 infusions of midazolam. These results point to a crucial role of the risk assessment behaviors in the development of the OTT and indicate the Cg1 as an important locus for the anxiolytic-like action of benzodiazepines in rodents.

Este trabalho investiga as práticas discursivas de sessões de terapia de família de abordagem sistêmica. Enfoca a (re)construção dos sentidos desse discurso terapêutico, voltando-se para o que se convenciona chamar, dentro da área terapêutica, por re-significação e procurando olhar criticamente o pedido de ajuda do paciente e o ato de dar ajuda do terapeuta. Investigam-se também os lugares sociais/familiares dos sujeitos - aí incluída uma certa representação do terapeuta - quando em interação terapêutica. Partindo da noção de dialogismo proposta por Bakhtin e revisitada pelos estudos sobre a(s) heterogeneidade(s) enunciativa(s) de Authier-Revuz, são observadas, em diálogos extraídos de três sessões de terapia de família realizadas em institutos de ensino e pesquisa (duas instituições autônomas e uma autarquia federal), as fronteiras da alteridade, evidenciadas no gênero discursivo \"sessão de terapia\". Tal gênero discursivo, que, em sua superfície pode ser entendido como encontro com fins terapêuticos para discutir temas de conflitos humanos em situação relacional, evidencia-se, no entanto, como um confronto entre vozes que disputam papéis/lugares sociais e familiares. As análises revelam que as fronteiras, delimitadas pela alternância dos sujeitos falantes, entre perguntas e respostas dos terapeutas e seus pacientes, constituem um processo de interação de vozes sociais, em contínuos entrecruzamentos e reconfigurações. Revelam também que os terapeutas constroem hipóteses para a intervenção nos conflitos familiares por meio dos deslizamentos dos sentidos (re-significação) e que buscam, para a resolução desses conflitos, o deslocamento enunciativo das vozes dos pacientes de uma posição monológica (ainda que presencial) para posições dialógicas. / This thesis investigates the discursive practices in systemic family therapy sessions. It focuses on the (re)construction of meanings in such therapeutic discourse, by focusing on what, within the therapeutic field, is known as re-signification and by attempting to consider critically the patient\'s request for help and the therapist\'s act of helping. It investigates also the subjects\' social/family places - including a certain representation by the therapist - when interacting at the therapy. Starting from the Bakhtinian notion of dialogism, which is revisited in the studies on enunciative heterogeneities by Authier-Revuz, the frontiers of otherness - evinced in the \"therapy session\" discourse gender - are observed, specifically in pieces of dialogues taken from three family therapy sessions held in teaching and research institutes (two of them autonomous institutions and a federal autarchy). Such discourse gender, which, in its surface might be understood as meeting aimed at therapeutic ends for discussing themes of human conflicts in relational situation, constitutes, however, a clash of voices that dispute family and social roles/places. The analyses reveal that the frontiers, circumscribed by the alternation of speaking subjects, between questions and answer of the therapists and their patients, consist of a process of social voices interaction, throughout continuous intercrossings and reconfigurations. The analyses demonstrate also that the therapists formulate hypotheses for the intervention in the family conflicts through the meaning slides (re-signification) and that they seek, for solving such conflicts, the enunciative displacing of the patients\' voices from a monological position (even though witnessed) to dialogical positions.

Este trabalho investiga as práticas discursivas de sessões de terapia de família de abordagem sistêmica. Enfoca a (re)construção dos sentidos desse discurso terapêutico, voltando-se para o que se convenciona chamar, dentro da área terapêutica, por re-significação e procurando olhar criticamente o pedido de ajuda do paciente e o ato de dar ajuda do terapeuta. Investigam-se também os lugares sociais/familiares dos sujeitos - aí incluída uma certa representação do terapeuta - quando em interação terapêutica. Partindo da noção de dialogismo proposta por Bakhtin e revisitada pelos estudos sobre a(s) heterogeneidade(s) enunciativa(s) de Authier-Revuz, são observadas, em diálogos extraídos de três sessões de terapia de família realizadas em institutos de ensino e pesquisa (duas instituições autônomas e uma autarquia federal), as fronteiras da alteridade, evidenciadas no gênero discursivo \"sessão de terapia\". Tal gênero discursivo, que, em sua superfície pode ser entendido como encontro com fins terapêuticos para discutir temas de conflitos humanos em situação relacional, evidencia-se, no entanto, como um confronto entre vozes que disputam papéis/lugares sociais e familiares. As análises revelam que as fronteiras, delimitadas pela alternância dos sujeitos falantes, entre perguntas e respostas dos terapeutas e seus pacientes, constituem um processo de interação de vozes sociais, em contínuos entrecruzamentos e reconfigurações. Revelam também que os terapeutas constroem hipóteses para a intervenção nos conflitos familiares por meio dos deslizamentos dos sentidos (re-significação) e que buscam, para a resolução desses conflitos, o deslocamento enunciativo das vozes dos pacientes de uma posição monológica (ainda que presencial) para posições dialógicas. / This thesis investigates the discursive practices in systemic family therapy sessions. It focuses on the (re)construction of meanings in such therapeutic discourse, by focusing on what, within the therapeutic field, is known as re-signification and by attempting to consider critically the patient\'s request for help and the therapist\'s act of helping. It investigates also the subjects\' social/family places - including a certain representation by the therapist - when interacting at the therapy. Starting from the Bakhtinian notion of dialogism, which is revisited in the studies on enunciative heterogeneities by Authier-Revuz, the frontiers of otherness - evinced in the \"therapy session\" discourse gender - are observed, specifically in pieces of dialogues taken from three family therapy sessions held in teaching and research institutes (two of them autonomous institutions and a federal autarchy). Such discourse gender, which, in its surface might be understood as meeting aimed at therapeutic ends for discussing themes of human conflicts in relational situation, constitutes, however, a clash of voices that dispute family and social roles/places. The analyses reveal that the frontiers, circumscribed by the alternation of speaking subjects, between questions and answer of the therapists and their patients, consist of a process of social voices interaction, throughout continuous intercrossings and reconfigurations. The analyses demonstrate also that the therapists formulate hypotheses for the intervention in the family conflicts through the meaning slides (re-signification) and that they seek, for solving such conflicts, the enunciative displacing of the patients\' voices from a monological position (even though witnessed) to dialogical positions.