Parmi la multitude de manifestations de nature religieuse et spirituelle qui animent présentement la société occidentale contemporaine, une attire notre attention par son mode d’action et l’intérêt grandissant qu’elle exerce sur le public. Elle est mise en place, organisée et administrée par un nombre d’individus prétendant posséder des capacités spéciales, résultat d’une relation particulière entretenue avec un pouvoir qualifié par la plupart de spirituel. Ces personnages sont généralement nommés « médiums », mais peuvent aussi être appelés suivant le nom de leur pratique qu’ils développent. Ainsi, celui qui prétend pouvoir « voir » le passé et l’avenir d’une personne est appelé « voyant » et sa pratique est appelée la « voyance ». Celui qui se réclame de la capacité de guérir des maladies et d’identifier leur cause par un contact privilégié avec son pouvoir spirituel est appelé guérisseur et sa pratique est appelée guérison. Ceux qui peuvent se mettre en contact avec les âmes des personnes décédées, chasser des esprits qui tourmentent des individus ou hantent des maisons et des lieux sont appelés médiums ou « médiums exorcistes » et leur pratique est l’exorcisme. Nous regroupons toutes ces manifestations en termes de « pratique médiumnique manifestée en marge des institutions établies » vu la caractéristique sous-tendant son expression : elle se produit en dehors d’un cadre institutionnel . À la suite des entrevues menées auprès d’un certain nombre de médiums, clients et individus ayant entendu des récits d’expériences de séance médiumnique, nous nous proposons de comprendre la manière dont cet univers de pratiques fonctionne. Nous cherchons également à déterminer comment il est possible de parler de l’émergence d’une expression inédite de pratique médiumnique selon la modalité qui la structure et la manière dont elle approfondit sa dimension croyante et idéologique. Nous séparons notre travail en trois parties distinctes. Dans la première, nous nous proposons de survoler la pratique médiumnique manifestée en marge des institutions établies à partir des témoignages des médiums qui ont participé à notre étude. La seconde partie de notre travail révèle l’image de cette pratique à partir du point de vue des clients qui ont fait appel aux services des médiums et ceux qui sont entrés en contact avec des récits décrivant des expériences vécues en séance médiumnique. La troisième partie est vouée à l’analyse de la pratique médiumnique manifestée en marge des institutions établies. Nous concevons cette dernière en deux temps. Le premier fait la lecture de plusieurs expressions médiumniques réparties dans le temps et l’espace afin de cerner différentes constantes régissant ces manifestations. Nos conclusions se confrontent à celles sur la pratique médiumnique manifestée en marge des institutions établies. Dans un second temps, nous analysons la pratique médiumnique manifestée en marge des institutions établies à partir des données fournies par les trois groupes de personnes interviewées afin d’en comprendre le mode de fonctionnement. Nous concevons le fonctionnement de cette pratique en trois étapes qui seront analysées à l’aide des travaux de plusieurs auteurs. L’étape précédant la séance et le rôle qu’elle joue pour la pratique médiumnique est analysée sous l’angle de la réflexion de l’anthropologue Jeanne Favret-Saada. La séance médiumnique, son mode d’implémentation et son efficacité sont analysés grâce à la réflexion de l’anthropologue Marc-Antoine Berthod sur le travail des voyants. La dernière partie de la pratique médiumnique, l’après-séance, sera analysée à l’aide de la dynamique entre « croire » et « savoir », et entre « instituant » et « institué » telle qu’élaborée par le théologien philosophe et historien français Michel de Certeau. Notre étude nous permet d’arriver aux conclusions générales suivantes : la pratique médiumnique manifestée en marge des institutions établies n’est pas l’expression d’une valorisation institutionnelle. Elle est l’expression de manifestations individuelles mises en place par ses représentants médiums. Chaque étape qui la compose est représentée par une série des stratégies capables, par leurs actions concertées, d’assurer sa pérennité. L’acte de croire participe activement à chacune de ces étapes, mais d’une manière sélective selon le parcours de chaque client. La pratique médiumnique manifestée en marge des institutions établies incarne par ses spécificités une nouvelle expression du phénomène médiumnique. / Among the myriad forms of religious or spiritual practices stirring contemporary Western society right now, one attracts our attention by its mode of operation and mounting public interest in this phenomenon. It is set up, organized and managed by a number of individuals claiming to have special abilities due to their unique relationship with a power qualified by most as spiritual. These individuals are usually known as "mediums" but may also be referred to by the name of their particular practice. Someone who claims to be able to "see" a person's past and future is called a "psychic" and their practice is called "clairvoyance." A person who claims the ability to heal illnesses and identify their cause through a special contact with their spiritual power is called a healer and their practice, healing. Those who can make contact with the souls of the deceased, cast out spirits that torment individuals or haunt homes and places are called mediums or "exorcist mediums" and their practice is exorcism. We describe these practices as "a mediumistic practice conducted on the margins of established institutions" since they happen outside the institutional framework. Based on interviews with mediums, clients, and individuals who have heard accounts of mediumistic séances, we seek to more fully understand the approach employed by practitioners in this domain. We also hope to determine whether, based on its structural modality, we are seeing the emergence of a new expression of mediumistic practice, and how this reinforces the associated faith and ideology. Our work is grouped into three distinct parts. In the first part, we conduct an overview of mediumistic practice conducted on the margins of established institutions based on the personal accounts of mediums who are taking part in our study. The second part of the research portrays this practice from the perspective of clients who have requested the services of mediums and people who have heard stories describing others’ experiences of mediumistic séances. The third part consists in an analysis of mediumistic practice conducted on the margins of established institutions. This last part is conducted in two phases. In the first phase, we interpret various mediumistic practices as they occurred over time and place to identify any constants. Our conclusions are set against those concerning mediumistic practices conducted on the margins of the established institutions. In the second phase, we analyze mediumistic practice conducted on the margins of the established institutions based on data provided by our three groups of interviewees with a view to obtaining an understanding of its functioning. We conceive three stages of functioning and draw on the works of several authors to aid us in analyzing them. The stage preceding the session and the role it plays for mediumistic practice is analyzed from the perspective of the anthropologist Jeanne Favret-Saada. The mediumistic session, its implementation method and its effectiveness are analyzed using the anthropologist Marc-Antoine Berthod’s reflections on the work of psychics. For the last stage of the mediumistic practice, the after-session, our analysis refers to the dynamic between "believing" and "knowing" and between "instituting" and "instituted" as the French theologian-philosopher and historian Michel de Certeau elaborated. Our study leads us to the following general conclusions: mediumistic practice conducted on the margins of established institutions is not an expression of institutional valorization. It is the expression of individual manifestations enacted by its psychic representatives. Each stage of the process is represented by a series of strategies capable, through their concerted actions, of ensuring its continuity. The act of believing is an active element in each of these stages, but in a selective way, associated with the path of each client. Mediumistic practice conducted on the margins of established institutions embodies by its specificities a new expression of the mediumistic phenomenon.

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GNSS är idag den vanligaste tekniken för positionering och för att ansluta punkter till det nationella referenssystemet SWEREF 99. Systemet realiseras av ett nätverk av permanenta referensstationer, SWEPOS. Nätet består av ett mindre antal stabilt förankrade klass A-stationer och ett större antal, men mindre stabila klass B-stationer. Lantmäteriet erbjuder idag tre tjänster för efterberäkning av GNSS-data som använder SWEPOS-nätet: 1) SWEPOS Beräkningstjänst, som beräknar positioner genom anslutning till klass A-stationer med långa baslinjer som följd, 2) nedladdning av RINEX-data från valfria SWEPOS-stationer, vilket möjliggör medellånga baslinjer och 3) skapande av virtuella referensstationer (VRS), där baslinjerna är mycket korta. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att, genom att använda dessa tjänster, jämföra olika metoder för anslutning av statisk efterberäknad GNSS-mätning till SWEREF 99 och un-dersöka hur mätosäkerheten beror av sessionstid och baslinjelängd. Dessutom undersöks påverkan av mätmiljö och om det finns någon systematisk skillnad mellan de olika metoderna. Fyra s.k. SWEREF-punkter användes som kontrollpunkter. Punkterna mättes i tre 8 h-sessioner. Insamlat mätdata delades in i fönster och skickades till SWEPOS Beräkningstjänst, beräknades i en kommersiell programvara mot klass A-, närmaste stationer och en VRS. För att jämföra de olika metoderna beräknades RMS och standardosäkerheter. Resultaten visar att vid kortare sessionstider har SWEPOS Beräkningstjänst ett högre RMS än övriga metoder, men vid lätt och normal mätmiljö sjunker RMS till samma nivå som övriga metoder redan efter 1 h sessionstid, vilket var 1 cm eller lägre i plan och 2 cm eller lägre i höjd. Vid svår mätmiljö fortsätter RMS att sjunka ända upp till 4 h sessionstid och ligger då något högre än vid lätt och normal mätmiljö. För övriga metoder sjunker RMS inte lika tydligt när sessionstiden ökar. Det framgår att mät-miljön påverkar mätresultatet. Både standardosäkerheter och RMS är högre vid svår mätmiljö jämfört med lätt och normal mätmiljö. Signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika metodernas medelavvikelser kunde påvisas, vilket innebär att det finns systema-tiska avvikelser mellan metoderna, som kan bero på olika troposfärsmodeller och att SWEPOS beräkningstjänst använder referenssystemet ITRF för att sedan göra en transformation till SWEREF 99. / GNSS is at present the most frequently used method for positioning, as well as connecting new points to the Swedish national reference frame, SWEREF 99. The reference frame is realized by a network of permanent reference stations, SWEPOS. The network consists of a small number of rigidly mounted class-A stations and a larger number of less stable class-B stations. Lantmäteriet, the mapping, cadastral and land registration authority of Sweden, cur-rently offers three services for post processing of GNSS data that utilizes the SWEPOS network: 1) SWEPOS Post Processing Service, which computes coordinates by connecting baselines to class-A stations leading to long baselines. 2) Downloading of RINEX data from any SWEPOS stations leading to medium baseline lengths, and 3) creation of virtual reference stations (VRS), leading to very short baselines. The aim of this thesis is, by using these services, to compare different methods for connecting new points to SWEREF 99, using post processing of static GNSS measurements and to investigate the impact of session duration and baseline length on the uncertainty of the measurements. The impact of different measurement environments and systematic effects between the methods are also investigated. Four SWEREF-points were used as test points. The points were measured in three 8 h sessions. The data were divided into windows and sent to SWEPOS post processing service, as well as processed with a commercial software, where baselines were pro-cessed against class-A, class-B stations and a VRS. To compare the different methods RMS and standard uncertainties were calculated. The results indicate that shorter session duration yields higher RMS for SWEPOS post processing service when compared with the other methods, but in easy measurement environments RMS decreases to the same level as the other methods after 1 h session duration, which is 1 cm or less horizontally and 2 cm or less vertically. However, in complex measurement environments RMS continues to decrease up to 4 h session duration and is higher than in easy environments. For the other methods the decrease of RMS is not as pronounced. It is clear that the measurement environment impacts the results. Both standard uncertainty and RMS are higher in complex environments compared with easy and moderate environments. Significant differences of the mean deviation for each method could be detected, which indicates systematic effects between the methods, that could depend on different troposphere models and that SWEPOS Post Processing Service uses the reference system ITRF and then make a transformation to SWEREF 99.

Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) est un réseau conceptuel construit sur des réseaux physiques existantes. Il se sert des données détectées et fournit des services de connaissances à quiconque, n'importe où et à tout moment, et où l'information est générée en utilisant la sensibilité au contexte. Dispositifs et USN portables intelligents émergent rapidement en offrant de nombreux services fiables facilitant la vie des gens. Ces petits terminaux et terminaux très utiles besoin d'un substrat de communication globale pour fournir un service complet de l'utilisateur final global. En 2010, ITU -T a fourni les exigences pour supporter des applications et services USN dans le Next Generation Network (NGN) de l'environnement d'exploiter les avantages du réseau de base. L'un des principaux marchés prometteurs pour l'application et les services USN est la e- santé. Il fournit le suivi des patients en continu et permet une grande amélioration dans les services médicaux. D'autre part, des Véhicules Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) est une technologie émergente qui permet une communication intelligente entre les véhicules mobiles. Intégrer VANET avec USN a un grand potentiel pour améliorer la sécurité routière et la fluidité du trafic. La plupart des applications VANET sont appliqués en temps réel et ils sont sensibles à retarder, en particulier ceux liés à la sécurité et à la santé. Dans ce travail, nous proposons d'utiliser l'IP Multimédia Subsystem (IMS) comme une sous- couche de contrôle de service dans l'environnement USN fournir un substrat mondiale pour un service complet de bout en bout. De plus, nous vous proposons d'intégrer VANETs avec USN pour des applications et des installations riches plus, ce qui facilitera la vie des humains. Nous avons commencé à étudier les défis sur la route pour atteindre cet objectif / Ubiquités Sensor Network (USN) is a conceptual network built over existing physical networks. It makes use of sensed data and provides knowledge services to anyone, anywhere and at anytime, and where the information is generated by using context awareness. Smart wearable devices and USNs are emerging rapidly providing many reliable services facilitating people life. Those very useful small end terminals and devices require a global communication substrate to provide a comprehensive global end user service. In 2010, the ITU-T provided the requirements to support USN applications and services in the Next Génération Network (NGN) environment to exploit the advantages of the core network. One of the main promising markets for the USN application and services is the e-Health. It provides continuous patients’ monitoring and enables a great improvement in medical services. On the other hand, Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETwork (VANET) is an emerging technology, which provides intelligent communication between mobile vehicles. Integrating VANET with USN has a great potential to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. Most VANET applications are applied in real time and they are sensitive to delay, especially those related to safety and health. In this work, we propose to use IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as a service controller sub-layer in the USN environment providing a global substrate for a comprehensive end-to-end service. Moreover, we propose to integrate VANETs with USN for more rich applications and facilities, which will ease the life of humans. We started studying the challenges on the road to achieve this goal

Specifik fobi är en vanlig psykiatrisk åkomma som kan leda till stora individuella begränsningar. Symtomen kan framgångsrikt behandlas med kognitiv beteendeterapi där 85–90 % blir kliniskt signifikant förbättrade. Forskning påvisar lovande behandlingsutfall för virtuell exponeringsbehandling (VRET) mot spindelfobi. Tekniken är intressant då den kringgår de problem med anskaffning och förvaring av fobiska stimuli som sedvanlig behandling medför och dessutom kan innebära ökad tillgänglighet och flexibilitet vid behandling. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att jämföra behandlingseffekten av ensessionsbehandling (OST) med en nyutvecklad spelifierad virtuell exponeringsbehandling (VIMSE), som sker under en fristående behandlingssession. Totalt randomiserades 73 deltagare mellan de två behandlingsmetoderna. Båda behandlingarna medförde statistiskt signifikanta förbättringar med stora effektstorlekar för såväl det beteendetest (BAT), som utgjorde det primära utfallsmåttet (OST d = 1,94; VIMSE d = 1,41), som för de sekundära utfallsmåtten Spider Phobia Questionnaire och Fear of Spiders Questionnaire. OST resulterade i signifikant fler kliniskt signifikant förbättrade än VIMSE. / VIMSE (VIrtual reality Method for Spider phobia Exposure therapy)

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technologies are becoming widely used since they provide more flexibility and availability. Unfortunately, it is possible for WLANs to be implemented with security flaws which are not addressed in the original 802.11 specification. IEEE formed a working group (TGi) to provide a complete solution (code named 802.11i standard) to all the security problems of the WLANs. The group proposed using 802.1X as an interim solution to the deficiencies in WLAN authentication and key management. The full 802.11i standard is expected to be finalized by the end of 2004. Although 802.1X provides a better authentication scheme than the original 802.11 security solution, it is still vulnerable to denial-of-service, session hijacking, and man-in-the- middle attacks. Using an open-source 802.1X test-bed, this thesis evaluates various session hijacking mechanisms through experimentation. The main conclusion is that the risk of session hijacking attack is significantly reduced with the new security standard (802.11i); however, the new standard will not resolve all of the problems. An attempt to launch a session hijacking attack against the new security standard will not succeed, although it will result in a denial-of-service attack against the user. / Lieutenant Junior Grade, Turkish Navy

O presente estudo teve como objetivo monitorar parâmetros subjetivos: Carga Interna de Treinamento (CIT) e Escala de Qualidade Total da Recuperação (TQR) e objetivos: (cortisol, testosterona e razão T:C) na primeira fase da temporada competitiva, composta por 8 semanas, comparando semanas com duas ou apenas uma partida por semana, em atletas profissionais de Voleibol. Quatorze jogadores profissionais de voleibol participaram da investigação. As variáveis dependentes foram avaliadas durante as 8 primeiras semanas da SuperLiga Masculina de Voleibol, afim de estabelecer a comparação entre semanas com duas partidas e semanas com uma única partida. A CIT foi calculada por semana, pelo método da PSE da sessão, bem como, o índice de monotonia. O escore da TQR e as amostras salivares (analisadas por ELISA) foram coletados semanalmente sempre no primeiro dia útil da semana. Além disso, foi avaliado o desempenho do salto contra movimento (CMJ). Os principais resultados da presente investigação são: o comportamento da CIT refletiu o planejamento da CET. As semanas 2, 3, 7 e 8 (duas partidas por semana) apresentaram maior magnitude de CIT ~6000 UA e as semanas 1, 4, 5 e 6 (uma partida por semana) com menor magnitude de CIT ~4500; o escore da escala TQR sofreu maior redução nas semanas 2, 3, 7 e 8 (duas partidas por semana, apresentando escore de ~6,7 UA) em comparação as semanas 1, 4, 5, 6 (uma partida por semana) que apresentaram escore de ~7,8); as respostas hormonais, testosterona e cortisol, não apresentaram diferenças entre as semanas com uma ou duas partidas disputadas; a maior magnitude das correlações entre as respostas endócrinas e a CIT foi observada nos períodos com duas partidas; foi observado aumento do salto vertical após o período de investigação (TE = 0,30); a associação entre a menor variabilidade semanal na escala de recuperação e melhora do salto. Este estudo revela que o planejamento da CET foi acompanhado pelo comportamento da CIT durante atemporada competitiva, sendo que as semanas com duas partidas apresentaram maior CIT em comparação às semanas com apenas uma partida disputada, que, por sua vez, apresentaram menor CIT. O escore da escala TQR apresentou maior redução nas semanas com duas partidas em comparação às semanas com apenas uma partida. Os hormônios cortisol e testosterona não apresentaram alteração ao longo das 8 semanas de investigação. As correlações entre as variáveis do presente estudo apresentaram maior magnitude nos períodos de maior CET, reforçando a hipótese que em períodos de maior CET, há maior sensibilidade dos parâmetros subjetivos. Por fim, o planejamento adotado, durante as 8 primeiras semanas do período competitivo, foi eficaz para promover aumento do CMJ em jogadores profissionais de voleibol. Os atletas que apresentam a menor variabilidade semanal no escore da TQR apresentaram o maior aumento do CMJ. Esses resultados reforçam a relevância da adoção estratégias de monitoramento integrado, utilizando parâmetros objetivos e subjetivos. Esse constante acompanhamento pode fornecer informações valiosas sobre a forma que os atletas lidam com as demandas da temporada competitiva, auxiliando a retro-alimentação do planejamento da CET ao longo do processo / The current study aimed to monitor subjective parameters: Internal Training Load (ITL) and Total Recovery Quality Scale (TQR) and objectives parameters: (cortisol, testosterone and T: C ratio) during the first phase of the competitive season, comparing weeks with two or only one match per week in professional volleyball players. Fourteen professional volleyball players participated of research. The dependent variables were evaluated during the first 8 weeks of the Men\'s Volleyball SuperLiga, to compare the weeks with 2 matches and the weeks with a single match. ITL was calculated per week by the session RPE method, as well as, the monotony index. The TQR score and the salivary samples (analyzed by ELISA) were collected weekly on the first day of the week. In addition, the performance of the counter movement jump (CMJ) was evaluated. The main results of the present investigation are: ITL reflected the ETL planned. Weeks 2, 3, 7 and 8 (2 matches per week) with a higher magnitude of CIT ~ 6000 AU and weeks 1, 4, 5 and 6 (one match per week) with a lower magnitude of CIT ~ 4500; the TQR score had a greater reduction at weeks 2, 3, 7 and 8 (2 matches per week, presenting a score of ~6.7 AU) compared to weeks 1, 4, 5, 6 (one match per week) presenting a score of ~ 7.8); the endocrine responses did not show differences between the weeks with 2 or 1 matches played; the greater magnitude of the correlations between the endocrine responses and the ITL was observed in weeks with 2 matches; there was an increase in CMJ after the investigation period and (Effect Size = 0,30); the association between the lower weekly variability in the recovery scale (TQR) and the improvement in the CMJ. This study reveals that the ETL planning was accompanied by the ITL during the competitive season, and the weeks with 2 matches had a higher ITL compared to the weeks with only 1 match played, which, in turn, presented lower ITL. The TQR score showed a greater reduction in the weeks with 2 matches compared to the weeks with only 1 match played, following the ITL behavior. The hormonal responses were not affected during the 8 weeks of investigation, withoutdifference between the weeks with 2 or 1 match disputed. The correlations between the variables of this research showed greater magnitude in weeks of higher ETL (2 matches), reinforcing the hypothesis that in periods of higher ETL, there is greater sensitivity of the subjective parameters. Finally, the ETL periodization adopted, during the first 8 weeks of the competitive period, was effective to promote increase of CMJ in professional players of volleyball. The athletes with the lowest weekly variability in the TQR score had the highest increase in CMJ. These results reinforce the relevance of adopting integrated monitoring strategies, using objective and subjective parameters. This constant monitoring can provide valuable insight into how athletes cope with the demands of the competitive season, provinding feed-back for the ETL planning throughout the process

This thesis analyzes current status of software distribution in gaming industry and its biggest challenges. Thesis also includes insight in completely different approach to the software distribution -- Cloud Gaming. In practical part are thoroughly tested existing solutions and done functionality analysis. Practical part also includes experiment which regards to building own platform using currently existing tools and it is followed by discussion of results.

Wireless networking introduces a whole range of challenges to the traditional TCP/IP network. In particular, IP address the issue of overloading because IP addresses are used as a network locator and an end point identity in the different layers in an OSI model. Even though Mobile IP is widely deployed, it has significant problems relating to performance and security. The Host Identity Protocol (HIP) provides secure mobility management by solving the IP address overloading from another angle. It restructures the TCP/IP model and introduces a new layer and a new namespace. The performance of HIP has proven to be better than Mobile IP and also opens a range of new research opportunities. This dissertation proposes and analyses a new step-stone solution from the Mobile IP-based network into a HIP-based network. The main advantage of this new solution is that much less change is required to the operating system kernel of the end point compared to a full HIP implementation. The new step-stone solution allows Mobile IP to use some HIP features to provide better security and handover performance. This dissertation also proposes several new and novel HIP-based wireless communication network architectures. An HIP-based heterogeneous wireless network architecture and handover scheme has been proposed and analysed. These schemes limit the HIP signalling in the wireless network if no communication to external networks is needed. Beside the network architecture modification, the hybrid Session Initial Protocol (SIP) and HIP-based Voice over IP (VoIP) scheme is proposed and analysed. This novel scheme improves the handover latency and security. This dissertation also proposes and analyses a new and novel extension to HIP, a HIP-based micro-mobility management, micro-HIP (mHIP). mHIP provides a new secure framework for micro-mobility management. It is a more complete HIP-based micro-mobility solution than any other proposed in existing studies. mHIP improves the intra-domain handover performance, the security, and the distribution of load in the intra-domain handover signalling. The new work presented opens up a number of very interesting research opportunities.