In recent years, the most popular web search engines have excelled in their ability to answer short queries that require clear, localized and personalized answers. When it comes to complex exploratory search tasks however, the main challenge for the searcher remains the same as back in the 1990s: Trying to formulate a single query that contains all the right keywords to produce at least some relevant results. In this work we want to investigate new ways to facilitate exploratory search by making use of context information from the user's entire search process. Therefore we present the concept of session-based semantic search, with an optional extension to collaborative search scenarios. To improve the relevance of search results we expand queries with terms from the user's recent query history in the same search context (session-based search). We introduce a novel method for query classification based on statistical topic models which allows us to track the most important topics in a search session so that we can suggest relevant documents that could not be found through keyword matching. To demonstrate the potential of these concepts, we have built the prototype of a session-based semantic search engine which we release as free and open source software. In a qualitative user study that we have conducted, this prototype has shown promising results and was well-received by the participants. / Die führenden Web-Suchmaschinen haben sich in den letzten Jahren gegenseitig darin übertroffen, möglichst leicht verständliche, lokalisierte und personalisierte Antworten auf kurze Suchanfragen anzubieten. Bei komplexen explorativen Rechercheaufgaben hingegen ist die größte Herausforderung für den Nutzer immer noch die gleiche wie in den 1990er Jahren: Eine einzige Suchanfrage so zu formulieren, dass alle notwendigen Schlüsselwörter enthalten sind, um zumindest ein paar relevante Ergebnisse zu erhalten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen neue Methoden entwickelt werden, um die explorative Suche zu erleichtern, indem Kontextinformationen aus dem gesamten Suchprozess des Nutzers einbezogen werden. Daher stellen wir das Konzept der sitzungsbasierten semantischen Suche vor, mit einer optionalen Erweiterung auf kollaborative Suchszenarien. Um die Relevanz von Suchergebnissen zu steigern, werden Suchanfragen mit Begriffen aus den letzten Anfragen des Nutzers angereichert, die im selben Suchkontext gestellt wurden (sitzungsbasierte Suche). Außerdem wird ein neuartiger Ansatz zur Klassifizierung von Suchanfragen eingeführt, der auf statistischen Themenmodellen basiert und es uns ermöglicht, die wichtigsten Themen in einer Suchsitzung zu erkennen, um damit weitere relevante Dokumente vorzuschlagen, die nicht durch Keyword-Matching gefunden werden konnten. Um das Potential dieser Konzepte zu demonstrieren, wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit der Prototyp einer sitzungsbasierten semantischen Suchmaschine entwickelt, den wir als freie Software veröffentlichen. In einer qualitativen Nutzerstudie hat dieser Prototyp vielversprechende Ergebnisse hervorgebracht und wurde von den Teilnehmern positiv aufgenommen.

This mixed-method case study examined effects of high school musicians' participation in the jam session, a student-directed, extracurricular music activity. The single case study site was a rural British Columbia high school exceptional for its support of jamming. Forty-four subjects, including 21 who fully met stated criteria for jammers, and 13 non-jamming subjects, were studied over a period of four months. The general research question was: Does participation in a band room jam session benefit students cognitively and motivationally? Specific research questions were: Do students who informally jam on various forms of music enhance their music skills in the perception and meaningful manipulation of music elements, and if so, how? In what ways does Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory explain the continued participation of students in the jam session? Three quantitative instruments were administered to 13 jammers capable of playing a Bb Concert scale on a melody instrument as well as to a comparable group of 13 non-jammers. These instruments included Gordon's Advanced Measures of Music Audiation (AMMA), Froseth's Test of Melodic Ear-to-Hand Coordination (TMEHC), and a researcher-developed test of ear-to-hand coordination (SOR). An ANOVA test showed no significant difference between jammer and non-jammer groups on AMMA scores (p<0.05). ANOVA showed a notable but not significant difference (p<0.056) between groups on the TMEHC, while a Repeated Measures Analysis of pre/post test TMEHC scores showed no effect of jamming over a period of 10 weeks. ANOVA showed a very clear difference between groups on the SOR (p<0.001). Qualitative data collected via journaling, interviews, observation, and participant-observer tasks indicated that jammers were perceiving and manipulating music elements in meaningful ways, and also supported Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory as an explanation for jam session participation. In particular, flow characteristics including transformation of time, loss of self-consciousness, and challenge/skill balance were both observed and reported. The role of the teacher, the presence of a music subculture, and the pseudo-curricular nature of jamming were noted as possible topics for further research. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Context: Exploratory testing (ET) is an approach to test software with a strong focus on personal skills and freedom of the tester. ET emphasises the simultaneous design and execution of tests with minimal test documentation. Test practitioners often claim that their choice to use ET as an important alternative to scripted testing is based on several benefits ET exhibits over the scripted testing. However, these claims lack empirical evidence as there is little research done in this area. Moreover, ET is usually considered an ad-hoc way of doing testing as everyone does it differently. There have been some attempts in past to provide structure to ET. Session based test management (SBTM) is an approach that attempts to provide some structure to ET and gives some basic guidelines to structuring the test sessions. However, these guidelines are still very abstract and are very open to individuals' interpretation. Objective: The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to support practitioners in their decisions about choosing exploratory versus scripted testing. Furthermore, it is also aimed to investigate the empirical evidence in support of ET and find ways to structure ET and classify different levels of exploration that drive the choices made by exploratory testers. Another objective of this thesis is to provide a decision support system to select levels of exploration in overall test process. Method: The findings presented in this thesis are obtained through a controlled experiment with participants from industry and academia, exploratory surveys, interviews and focus groups conducted at different companies including Ericsson AB, Sony Mobile Communications, Axis Communications AB and Softhouse Consulting Baltic AB. Results: Using the exploratory survey, we found three test techniques to be most relevant in context of testing software systems and in particular heterogeneous systems. The most frequently used technique mentioned by the practitioners is ET which is not a much researched topic. We also found many interesting claims about ET in grey literature produced by practitioners in the form of informal presentations and blogs but these claims lacked any empirical evidence. Therefore, a controlled experiment was conducted with students and industry practitioners to compare ET with scripted testing. The experiment results show that ET detects significantly more critical defects compared to scripted testing and is more time efficient. However, ET has its own limitations and there is not a single way to use it for testing. In order to provide structure to ET, we conducted a study where we propose checklists to support test charter design in ET. Furthermore, two more industrial focus group studies at four companies were conducted that resulted in a taxonomy of exploration levels in ET and a decision support method for selecting exploration levels in ET. Lastly, we investigated different problems that researchers face when conducting surveys in software engineering and have presented mitigation strategies for these problems. Conclusion: The taxonomy for levels of exploration in ET, proposed in this thesis, provided test practitioners at the companies a better understanding of the underlying concepts of ET and a way to structure their test charters. A number of influence factors elicited as part of this thesis also help them prioritise which level of exploration suits more to their testing in the context of their products. Furthermore, the decision support method provided the practitioners to reconsider their current test focus to test their products in a more effective way.

This phenomenological study examined the experiences and perceptions of child-centered play therapists who deliver shortened sessions in the clinic setting. Using the phenomenological analysis procedures based on Moustakas' modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method, a coding team of three doctoral students found 10 themes related to child-centered play therapists' (N = 5) experiences delivering shortened session lengths. Each theme is defined and further described using verbatim transcript examples. This study has practical and clinical implications for child-centered play therapist development and training. The results of this study point to the need for further research in child-centered play therapists' experiences delivering play therapy-as-usual. Finally, future research regarding the change process in child-centered play therapy theory is also implicated.

The diploma theses evaluates situation of universities in the Czech Republic and one foreign University 2003 – 2007. The Graduation theses compares their efficiency through the selected indicators. Diploma work evaluates proportion of public sources from state budget financing and non public sources and compares this status with foreign university. Diploma includes analysis, suggestions and recommendation for improvement of existing status with regard to future development, when university should become more self-sufficiency and be able to ensure service availability, validity and return of sources.

Följande studie handlar om feedbackorienterad terapi på Familjerådgivningen. Syftet var att mäta parens upplevda förändring av livstillfredsställelse för att se om samtalen på Familjerådgivningen gör skillnad och om förändringen enligt skattningsinstrumenten ORS och SRS överensstämde med skattningen av klimatet i parrelationen/familjen samt om det fanns några könsskillnader. Undersökningsgruppen omfattades av 29 par, som sökte hjälp på Familjerådgivningen i södra Dalarna, i Mora och i Linköping under tiden januari 2016 till maj 2016. Paren fyllde i skattningsinstrumentet ORS (som mäter förändring) i början av varje samtal och SRS (som mäter alliansen) i slutet av varje samtal. Familjerådgivaren använde sig av den feedback som gavs och korrigerade behandlingen därefter. Vid första och tredje samtalet fyllde paren i skattningsinstrumentet "Familjeklimat". Resultatet efter tre samtal visade en liten förbättring av livstillfredsställelse för både män och kvinnor vilket överensstämde med skattningen av klimatet i familjen där närheten förbättrades och kaos minskade. / The following study is about feedback informed treatment in family councelling. The purpose was to measure the couples experienced change in life satisfaction, to see if treatment sessions of family councelling makes a difference and change according to the estimation instruments ORS and SRS and is consistent with the estimate of the atmosphere in the couple´s relationship/family atmosphere and if there were any gender differences. The study group included 29 couples who sought help at the Family councelling in southern Dalarna, Mora and Linköping during the period of January 2016 to May 2016. The couples filled in the instrument ORS (measuring change) at the beginning of each session and SRS (measuring alliance) at the end of each session. The family councellor used the received feedback and corrected treatment accordingly. In the first and third session the couples filled in the "Family climate" instrument. The outcome after three sessions showed a small improvement in the life satisfaction for both men and women which were consistent with the estimate of the atmosphere and the climate in the family. The vicinity improved and chaos decreased.

In recent years, the most popular web search engines have excelled in their ability to answer short queries that require clear, localized and personalized answers. When it comes to complex exploratory search tasks however, the main challenge for the searcher remains the same as back in the 1990s: Trying to formulate a single query that contains all the right keywords to produce at least some relevant results. In this work we want to investigate new ways to facilitate exploratory search by making use of context information from the user's entire search process. Therefore we present the concept of session-based semantic search, with an optional extension to collaborative search scenarios. To improve the relevance of search results we expand queries with terms from the user's recent query history in the same search context (session-based search). We introduce a novel method for query classification based on statistical topic models which allows us to track the most important topics in a search session so that we can suggest relevant documents that could not be found through keyword matching. To demonstrate the potential of these concepts, we have built the prototype of a session-based semantic search engine which we release as free and open source software. In a qualitative user study that we have conducted, this prototype has shown promising results and was well-received by the participants.:1. Introduction 2. Related Work 2.1. Topic Models 2.1.1. Common Traits 2.1.2. Topic Modeling Techniques 2.1.3. Topic Labeling 2.1.4. Topic Graph Visualization 2.2. Session-based Search 2.3. Query Classification 2.4. Collaborative Search 2.4.1. Aspects of Collaborative Search Systems 2.4.2. Collaborative Information Retrieval Systems 3. Core Concepts 3.1. Session-based Search 3.1.1. Session Data 3.1.2. Query Aggregation 3.2. Topic Centroid 3.2.1. Topic Identification 3.2.2. Topic Shift 3.2.3. Relevance Feedback 3.2.4. Topic Graph Visualization 3.3. Search Strategy 3.3.1. Prerequisites 3.3.2. Search Algorithms 3.3.3. Query Pipeline 3.4. Collaborative Search 3.4.1. Shared Topic Centroid 3.4.2. Group Management 3.4.3. Collaboration 3.5. Discussion 4. Prototype 4.1. Document Collection 4.1.1. Selection Criteria 4.1.2. Data Preparation 4.1.3. Search Index 4.2. Search Engine 4.2.1. Search Algorithms 4.2.2. Query Pipeline 4.2.3. Session Persistence 4.3. User Interface 4.4. Performance Review 4.5. Discussion 5. User Study 5.1. Methods 5.1.1. Procedure 5.1.2. Implementation 5.1.3. Tasks 5.1.4. Questionnaires 5.2. Results 5.2.1. Participants 5.2.2. Task Review 5.2.3. Literature Research Results 5.3. Discussion 6. Conclusion Bibliography Weblinks A. Appendix A.1. Prototype: Source Code A.2. Survey A.2.1. Tasks A.2.2. Document Filter for Google Scholar A.2.3. Questionnaires A.2.4. Participant’s Answers A.2.5. Participant’s Search Results / Die führenden Web-Suchmaschinen haben sich in den letzten Jahren gegenseitig darin übertroffen, möglichst leicht verständliche, lokalisierte und personalisierte Antworten auf kurze Suchanfragen anzubieten. Bei komplexen explorativen Rechercheaufgaben hingegen ist die größte Herausforderung für den Nutzer immer noch die gleiche wie in den 1990er Jahren: Eine einzige Suchanfrage so zu formulieren, dass alle notwendigen Schlüsselwörter enthalten sind, um zumindest ein paar relevante Ergebnisse zu erhalten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen neue Methoden entwickelt werden, um die explorative Suche zu erleichtern, indem Kontextinformationen aus dem gesamten Suchprozess des Nutzers einbezogen werden. Daher stellen wir das Konzept der sitzungsbasierten semantischen Suche vor, mit einer optionalen Erweiterung auf kollaborative Suchszenarien. Um die Relevanz von Suchergebnissen zu steigern, werden Suchanfragen mit Begriffen aus den letzten Anfragen des Nutzers angereichert, die im selben Suchkontext gestellt wurden (sitzungsbasierte Suche). Außerdem wird ein neuartiger Ansatz zur Klassifizierung von Suchanfragen eingeführt, der auf statistischen Themenmodellen basiert und es uns ermöglicht, die wichtigsten Themen in einer Suchsitzung zu erkennen, um damit weitere relevante Dokumente vorzuschlagen, die nicht durch Keyword-Matching gefunden werden konnten. Um das Potential dieser Konzepte zu demonstrieren, wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit der Prototyp einer sitzungsbasierten semantischen Suchmaschine entwickelt, den wir als freie Software veröffentlichen. In einer qualitativen Nutzerstudie hat dieser Prototyp vielversprechende Ergebnisse hervorgebracht und wurde von den Teilnehmern positiv aufgenommen.:1. Introduction 2. Related Work 2.1. Topic Models 2.1.1. Common Traits 2.1.2. Topic Modeling Techniques 2.1.3. Topic Labeling 2.1.4. Topic Graph Visualization 2.2. Session-based Search 2.3. Query Classification 2.4. Collaborative Search 2.4.1. Aspects of Collaborative Search Systems 2.4.2. Collaborative Information Retrieval Systems 3. Core Concepts 3.1. Session-based Search 3.1.1. Session Data 3.1.2. Query Aggregation 3.2. Topic Centroid 3.2.1. Topic Identification 3.2.2. Topic Shift 3.2.3. Relevance Feedback 3.2.4. Topic Graph Visualization 3.3. Search Strategy 3.3.1. Prerequisites 3.3.2. Search Algorithms 3.3.3. Query Pipeline 3.4. Collaborative Search 3.4.1. Shared Topic Centroid 3.4.2. Group Management 3.4.3. Collaboration 3.5. Discussion 4. Prototype 4.1. Document Collection 4.1.1. Selection Criteria 4.1.2. Data Preparation 4.1.3. Search Index 4.2. Search Engine 4.2.1. Search Algorithms 4.2.2. Query Pipeline 4.2.3. Session Persistence 4.3. User Interface 4.4. Performance Review 4.5. Discussion 5. User Study 5.1. Methods 5.1.1. Procedure 5.1.2. Implementation 5.1.3. Tasks 5.1.4. Questionnaires 5.2. Results 5.2.1. Participants 5.2.2. Task Review 5.2.3. Literature Research Results 5.3. Discussion 6. Conclusion Bibliography Weblinks A. Appendix A.1. Prototype: Source Code A.2. Survey A.2.1. Tasks A.2.2. Document Filter for Google Scholar A.2.3. Questionnaires A.2.4. Participant’s Answers A.2.5. Participant’s Search Results

In response to the growing awareness of the issue of accessibility to mental health services (World Health Organization, 2013), single session therapy (SST) has been implemented in various settings throughout the world. (Hoyt &Talmon, 2014b; Miller, 2008; Miller & Slive, 2004; Talmon, 2014). Although there has been much advancement in the knowledge and application of SST, an understanding of therapist-client interactional patterns that enfold in SST is extremely scarce. In this study, I investigated how therapists collaboratively improved the talk in SST turn by turn in such a way that promoted therapeutic improvement. I utilized conversation analysis (Sacks et al., 1974) to analyze a video-recording of a SST consultation within a single instrumental case study format (Stake, 2005). The findings of this study provide an interactional understanding of the collaborative practice, valued in SST literature (e.g., Campbell, 2012; Miller & Slive, 2004; Slive et al., 2008). Specifically, the therapists’ collaborative manner is exemplified in how the therapists oriented to the moment-to-moment interaction with the client within and across various interactional practices to coordinate their interaction, form and maintain the therapeutic relationship with the client, invite therapeutic change, and negotiate advice with the client. The findings of this study offer SST therapists and supervisors a potential interactional repertoire that they can utilize in their SST consultations and SST trainings. This study also presents a method of psychotherapy research that can address the research-practice gap (Strong & Gale, 2013).

The industry of electronic commerce (e-commerce) constitutes a great part of the yearly retail consumption in Sweden. Looking at recent years, it has been seen that a rapidly growing sector within the mentioned field is the clothing industry for clothes and accessories for children and newborns. To get an overview of the items and help customers to find what they are looking for, many web stores have a system called a Recommendation System. The mechanics behind this service can look rather different depending on the method used. However, their unified goal is to provide a list of recommended items of interest to the customer.  A branch within this field is the Session Based Recommendation System (SBRS). These are models which are designed to work with the trace of products, called a session, that a user currently has visited on the web store. Based on that information they then formulate an output of recommended items. The SBRS models have been especially popularized since the majority of customers browse in an anonymous behavior, which means that they due to time efficiency often neglect the possibility of creating or logging into any personal web store account. This however limits the accessible information that a system can make use of to shape its item list.  It can be seen that the number of articles exploring SBRS within the fashion branch of clothing and accessories for children is very limited. This thesis is made to fill that gap. After a thorough literature study, three models were found to be of certain interest, the Short-Term Attention/Memory Priority (STAMP) model, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model. Further, the LSTM model is included as it is the collaborative company, BabyShop Group AB's current used method.  The results of this thesis show that the GRU model is a promising method, managing to predict the next item for a customer more consistently than any other of the evaluated models. Furthermore, it can also be seen that what embeddings the models use to represent the products plays a significant role in the learning and evaluation of the used data set.  Moreover, a benchmark model included in this thesis also shows the importance of filtering the data set of sessions. It can be seen that a majority of customers visit already-seen products, logged happenings most likely due to refreshing web pages or similar actions. This causes the session data set to be characterized by repeated items. For future work, it would therefore indeed be interesting to see how this data set can be filtered in a different way. To see how that affects the outcome of the used metrics in this thesis. / Industrin för elektronisk handel (e-handel) utgör en stor del av den årliga konsumtionen av återförsäljning i Sverige. Bara genom att följa de senaste åren har det kunnat ses att en snabbt växande sektor inom det nämnda området är den som berör kläder och accessoarer för barn.  För att kunna ge en överblick och hjälpa kunder att finna vad de söker använder många webbutiker ett system som kallas rekommendationssystem. Hur dessa system faktiskt fungerar kan se väldigt olika ut. Men deras gemensamma mål är att i slutändan kunna ge en lista av rekommenderade produkter till kunden. En gren inom detta område är sessionsbaserade rekommendationssystem. Detta är modeller som är designade för att arbeta med själva spåret av besökta produkter, de som en kund har varit inne på under sin nuvarande vistelse på webbutiken. Baserat på denna information formuleras sedan en lista av rekommenderade produkter till besökaren. Dessa typer av modeller har blivit särskilt populära då många kunder gillar att shoppa anonymt. Vilket i denna kontext betyder att de gärna slipper att behöva logga in på något personligt konto på webbutiken, där särskild information kan sparas. Men detta betyder också att mängden tillgängliga data minskas för rekommendationssystemet.  Antalet forskningsartiklar som utforskar sessionsbaserade rekommendationssystem för e-handel inom barnmode är väldigt begränsad. Denna avhandling är därför gjord med syftet att försöka fylla detta tomrum. En genomgående litteraturstudie visade att tre modeller var av särskilt intresse, nämligen Short-Term Attention/Memory Priority (STAMP), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) och Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) modellen. Den sistnämnda är inkluderad då detta är den nuvarande modellen som används av företaget som denna avhandling har gjorts i samarbete med, BabyShop Group AB.  Resultaten i denna avhandling kan påvisa att GRU är en mycket lovande modell som lyckades förutbestämma nästkommande produkt i en sessionskedja bäst. Utöver detta kan det också ses att embedding-vektorerna som används för att representera produkterna för modellerna spelar en avgörande roll. Speciellt för deras lärande och evaluering av data.  Förutom det påvisade en av riktvärdesmodellerna som användes i denna avhandling den viktiga innebörden av att filtrera sessionsdata. Det kan nämligen urskiljas i den data som erhölls från företaget att många kunder återbesöker en stor del av redan besökta produkter. Detta åstadkommas troligen av att kunderna uppdaterar sidan de är på, eller utför någon annan liknande handling. Det här gör att en stor del av den sessionsdata som används i denna avhandling innehåller många upprepade produkter i de givna sessionskedjorna. Som framtida arbete vore det därför intressant att utforska olika filtreringsmetoder som kan appliceras på den givna datamängden. Detta för att se hur en mera filtrerad datamängd påverkar slutresultatet av de använda mätmetoderna i denna avhandling.

Though the field of dramaturgy is growing in size and scope in professional theatre, there are relatively few universities or colleges that offer undergraduate or graduate degrees in basic dramaturgical theory and practice. Brigham Young University (BYU) is an ideal setting for the development of such a program. There is a close community within and surrounding the university; the Theatre and Media Arts Department has high pedagogical expectations; and the Theatre program provides multiple opportunities for theatrical production. I saw these qualities as an invitation to develop a dramaturgy emphasis for undergraduate students that would allow them to network with the community and build intellectual skills that could be integrated into artistic performance. In order to create this emphasis, courses and protocol needed to be developed in order to establish a model dramaturgical procedure for undergraduate training. In this thesis, I address the following issues: