Wang Hui Ying. / "June 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Zhou Liran. / "June 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-216). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

The centromeres of eukaryotes have a region on which the kinetochore is assembled, flanked by heterochromatin which provides cohesion between the sister chromatids during cell division. When centromeric heterochromatin is lost chromosomes no longer segregate evenly into the daughter cells during cell division. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) RNA interference (RNAi) is responsible for maintaining this heterochromatin. The pathway is part of a feedback loop whereby siRNAs generated from non-coding centromere transcripts are loaded into an Argonaute complex. The siRNAs guide the complex to the homologous centromere repeats in order to recruit Clr4 which modifies histone H3 with the heterochromatin mark H3K9me. A previous screen to find factors affecting centromere silencing isolated 13 loci termed centromere: suppressor of position-effect (csp) 1-13. Several csp mutants have been identified to be RNAi components. In this investigation the csp6 locus has been identified to be the Hsp70 gene ssa2+. It has been demonstrated that Argonaute proteins from plants and flies require Hsp70/90 chaperone activity for loading of siRNA. It therefore seems likely that Hsp70 may play a similar role in fission yeast. Genetic and biochemical techniques have been used in this study to investigate if the csp6 alleles are affecting siRNA loading in S. pombe. RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribes the pre-siRNA transcripts from the centromere repeats. csp3 was identified to be an allele of the RNAPII subunit rpb7+. rpb7-G150D was found to cause a silencing defect in the centromeric heterochromatin through a defect in transcription. Another RNAPII mutation, rpb2-m203, was found to have strong silencing defects caused by an unidentified non-transcriptional role in RNAi-mediated heterochromatin formation at the centromere. In order to gain more insight into the role of RNAPII in heterochromatin assembly I performed a screen in which the subunits rpb3 and rpb11 were subjected to random mutagenesis. Several mutants were isolated and characterisation of phenotypes regarding heterochromatin at the centromere has been carried out for nine of the mutants. As a result a novel phenomenon of RNAi-independent silencing at the centromere has been discovered.

Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are part of a broad cellular sys- tem that functions to maintain a stable proteome under stress. They also perform a variety of regulatory roles at physiological conditions. Despite the multitude of sHsp targets, their interactions with partners are not well understood due to highly dynamical structures. In this thesis, I apply a variety of biophysical and structural approaches to examine distinct interactions made by the abundant human sHsps αβ-crystallin and Hsp27. First, I find that αβ-crystallin binds a cardiac-specific domain of the muscle sarcomere protein titin. A cardiomyopathy-causative variant of αβ-crystallin is shown to disrupt this interaction, with demonstrated implications for tissue biomechanics. Next, I investigate the conformation and unfolding behaviour of another sarcomere-associated protein, filamin C, finding support for the hypothesis that it is mechanosensitive. This leads into an interrogation of the interaction between filamin C and Hsp27, which we find is modulated by phosphorylation of Hsp27. This modulation only manifests during filamin C unfolding, pointing toward a protective chaperoning mode against over-extension during mechanical stress. This finding is bolstered by up-regulation and interaction of both proteins in a mouse model of heart failure. I establish a system for similar studies of a third sHsp, cvHsp, which is muscle-specific and implicated in various myopathies but scantly understood at the molecular level compared to αβ-crystallin and Hsp27. Finally, I probe the stoichiometries and kinetics of complexes formed between αβ-crystallin and Hsp27 themselves, which co-assemble into a highly polydisperse ensemble. This involved the development of a high-resolution native mass spectrometry method for disentangling heterogeneous systems. Together these findings add to our understanding of the roles and mechanisms of ATP-independent molecular chaperones.

Cada vez mais os brasileiros, principalmente os jovens, estão se interessando pela experiência de passar um tempo morando no exterior. Como conseqüência, essa vivência no exterior pode provocar diversas mudanças na vida desses indivíduos, visto que todas as pessoas que participam de transições culturais estão sujeitas a uma variedade de experiências coletivamente rotuladas como choque cultural, adaptação, adaptação entre culturas ou aculturação. Além disso, ao retornarem para o país de origem, esses indivíduos correm o risco de passar por um choque cultural reverso e sofrer os efeitos do processo de aculturação vivenciados no exterior. Enquanto estudos sobre aculturação focam em mudança cultural como resultado de contato cultural e adaptação, o estudo da aculturação do consumidor, primeiramente, foca na adaptação cultural como manifestação no mercado. Esse é o enfoque do presente estudo, que teve, portanto, como objetivo geral identificar quais são os efeitos do processo de aculturação no consumidor brasileiro durante e após uma experiência de vida internacional. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido através de uma abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas em profundidade, com a utilização de um roteiro semi-estruturado, entre os meses de agosto e novembro de 2009, até o ponto em que ocorreu uma saturação teórica, chegando a 21 entrevistados. Além disso, as entrevistas foram filmadas para a realização de uma videografia, visando uma maior compreensão do comportamento desses consumidores. Entre os resultados desse estudo constatou-se que o processo de aculturação do consumidor provoca mudanças em hábitos alimentares, no processo de decisão de compra, na identidade cultural dos indivíduos, entre outros. / More and more Brazilians are becoming interested in having the experience of living abroad, especially Brazilian youth. As a result, this experience abroad can cause several changes in their lives, as all people participating in cultural transitions are subject to a variety of experiences collectively labeled as culture shock, adjustment, adaptation between cultures or acculturation. In addition, upon returning to the country of origin, these individuals are at risk of undergoing a reverse culture shock and suffer the effects of the acculturation process experienced abroad. While acculturation studies focus on cultural change as a result of cultural contact and adaptation, the study of consumer acculturation focuses primarily on cultural adaptation as a manifestation in the market. This is the focus of this study, which was therefore aimed at identifying what are the effects of the acculturation process in the Brazilian consumer during and after an experience of international life. This study was developed through a qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted through interviews, using a semi-structured script, between August and November 2009, to the point where there was a theoretical saturation, reaching 21 respondents. Moreover, the interviews were filmed for the realization of a videography, seeking a better understanding of the behavior of these consumers. Among the results of this study was revealed that the acculturation process causes changes in consumer eating habits, in the process of purchasing decision, in the cultural identity of the individuals, among others.

Thesis (Nav. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-76). / The recent trend of using fine water mist systems to replace the legacy HALON- 1301 fire suppression systems warrants further study into other applications of the water mist systems. Preliminary research and investigation indicates that fine mists (20-25 pm droplet size) may reduce peak overpressures of a shock wave traveling through a space. Such pressure reductions could be used to mitigate the destructive effects of a shock wave (initiated by an explosive device) traveling through a structure. Currently these blast mitigation effects have only been demonstrated in small-scale shock tube tests and computer simulations. Uncertainty exists as to the scalability of such a system. The intention of this research is to investigate the applicability of such a blast mitigation system for shipboard use. Study into the degree of mitigation necessary to make a system practical for shipboard installation was conducted. In addition, a theoretical study of the mechanisms of blast mitigation using water mists was completed. Preliminary design of a full-scale system was examined. / (cont.) Given the recent trend toward tumblehome hull forms in future Naval Combatant designs, there exists strong applicability of this system in the "dead" spaces created by the shaping of the tumblehome hull. Further work is needed in numerical modeling and laboratory testing of specific phases of the mitigation. The end goal is a feasible design of a blast mitigation system to be used in the outermost spaces of Naval Combatants to protect interior vital system spaces. / by Julie A. Kitchenka. / S.M. / Nav.E.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Ao longo dos últimos anos, apesar de todo desenvolvimento e pesquisa, a mortalidade na sepse permanece elevada. Na área de microcirculação foram realizados estudos em modelos experimentais de sepse ao longo das últimas duas décadas, quando se observou, através de técnicas invasivas, alterações como redução expressiva da densidade capilar funcional. A técnica denominada sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging, recentemente desenvolvida, permite a avaliação da microcirculação de forma transcutânea. A utilização desta técnica permitiu evidenciar a redução da densidade capilar funcional em pacientes com sepse grave quando comparado a um indivíduo saudável. Posteriormente, foi demonstrado que alterações persistentes na microcirculação de pacientes sépticos, mesmo com sinais vitais estabilizados, estão associadas com pior prognóstico.Evidentemente, os pacientes com sepse grave ou choque séptico sofrem uma grande quantidade de intervenções terapêuticas, aonde muitas delas alteram a microcirculação. Estudos analisando a microcirculação em pacientes em uso de nitroglicerina, corticóide, recebendo hemotransfusão ou ainda infusão de noradrenalina foram publicados recentemente.Entretanto, até o presente momento, não existem publicações que descrevam a influência dos sedativos na microcirculação de pacientes com choque séptico. As drogas mais comumente utilizadas para sedação de pacientes em ventilação mecânica são o sedativo midazolam e o anestésico propofol. Os objetivos do estudo foram: avaliar o efeito dos principais agentes sedativos utilizados na prática clínica na microcirculação de pacientes com choque séptico utilizando a técnica de sidestream dark field imaging, comparar os efeitos na microcirculação do midazolam com o propofol em pacientes com choque séptico e verificar se existe relação das alterações microcirculatórias provocadas pelos sedativos com as variações de diferentes parâmetros hemodinâmicos, gasométricos ou metabólicos como pressão arterial, índice cardíaco, lactato e saturação venosa central de oxigênio. Foram estudados (estudo prospectivo) 16 pacientes internados no Centro de Terapia Intensiva da Casa de Saúde São José. Os pacientes internados com diagnóstico de choque séptico e que possuíam indicação clínica de ventilação mecânica e de suspensão diária da sedação foram submetidos ao estudo da microcirculação na mucosa sublingual utilizando a técnica de sidestream dark field imaging. Estes pacientes foram sedados conforme orientação do protocolo já existente de sedação, inicialmente com propofol e posteriormente com midazolam. Os principais resultados observados foram:a macrohemodinâmica não diferiu nos 2 momentos do exame, o BIS (bispectral índex of sedation) se manteve na faixa recomendada nos 2 momentos do exame, tendo aumentado quando o paciente acordava, conforme esperado, e a proporção de vasos pequenos perfundidos e o índice de fluxo da microcirculação foram significativamente menores, enquanto o índice de heterogeneidade foi significativamente maior quando os pacientes estavam recebendo infusão de propofol quando comparados com a infusão de midazolam. Concluímos que, em pacientes com choque séptico, a administração de midazolam resulta em uma melhora dos parâmetros microcirculatórios quando comparada com a administração de propofol. Essa diferença não pode ser atribuída a alterações de variáveis hemodinâmicas sistêmicas. / Over the past few years, despite all research and development, mortality from sepsis remains high. In microcirculatory studies using experimental models of sepsis, and invasive techniques, significant reduction in functional capillary density were observed. The recently developed technique called sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging, allows transcutaneously evaluation of the microcirculation. This technique has demonstrated reduction on functional capillary density in patients with severe sepsis, when compared to healthy individuals. Subsequently, it was shown that even in septic patients with stabilized vital signs, persistent alterations in the microcirculation are associated with worse prognosis. Obviously, patients with severe sepsis or septic shock suffer a lot of therapeutic interventions, many of them affecting the microvasculature. Studies analyzing the microcirculation in patients using nitroglycerin, corticosteroids, receiving blood transfusion or infusion of norepinephrine were recently published. However, to date, no publications have described the influence of sedatives in the microcirculation of these patients. The most commonly drugs used for sedation of mechanically ventilated patients are midazolam and propofol. The main objectives of this study were to observe the effects of two sedative agents used in clinical practice in the microcirculation of patients with septic shock. The sidestream dark field imaging technique was used to compare the effects on microcirculation of midazolam with propofol in patients with septic shock and verify a relationship between microcirculatory changes caused by sedatives and different variations of hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, lactate and central venous oxygen saturation.We have prospectively studied 16 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Casa de Saúde São José. Patients admitted with a diagnosis of septic shock and in need of mechanical ventilation were submitted to microcirculation analysis in the sublingual mucosa using sidestream dark field imaging technique. These patients were sedated according to the sedation protocol, initially with propofol, and later on with midazolam. The main results were: the macrohemodynamics did not differ during the two moments of examination; BIS (bispectral index of sedation) remained in the range recommended during both exams and increased when patients woke up, as expected, and finally, the proportion of small vessels perfused and microcirculatory flow index were significantly lower, while the heterogeneity index was higher, when patients were receiving propofol infusion in comparison with the midazolam one. We concluded that in patients with septic shock, midazolam administration results in an improvement of the microcirculation when compared with the administration of propofol and this difference could not be attributed to changes in systemic hemodynamic.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pyles_md_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1285768 bytes, checksum: c7e043fd85c25b169c8a9bb3a6e24772 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de ondas de choque extracorpóreas no osso terceiro metacarpiano de equinos hígidos através da determinação da elasticidade óssea. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 equinos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês, machos e fêmeas, com dois anos de idade, clinicamente sadios e em início de treinamento, sendo selecionados quanto ao estado de higidez com especial atenção quanto à integridade do aparelho locomotor. No D0, dia zero do experimento, todos os animais foram submetidos à avaliação da elasticidade óssea realizada no osso terceiro metacarpiano. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de dez animais em cada (Grupo Controle e Grupo Tratamento). A aplicação da terapia com ondas de choque extracorpóreas (ESWT) foi realizada no membro torácico direito dos animais do Grupo Tratamento, na região coincidente à da avaliação da elasticidade óssea e para tanto foi utilizado aparelho para terapia de ondas extracorpóreas com densidade de fluxo de energia de 0,15 mJ/mm2 e 2000 pulsos com sonda E6R20, com a característica do foco da onda de choque de 20mm. As aplicações da ESWT foram repetidas a cada 21 dias totalizando três sessões (D0, D21 e D42). A análise da determinação da elasticidade óssea, além do D0, foi realizada no 21o dia após a primeira aplicação, no 21o dia após a segunda aplicação e no 30o dia após a terceira aplicação de ESWT (D21, D42 e D72). A média da velocidade ultrassonográfica (SOS) diferiu entre os grupos no D21, D42 e D72, sendo que os animais do Grupo Tratamento apresentaram menor densidade mineral óssea após as aplicações da ESWT. Houve diferença também à análise da massa óssea (Z-Score) entre os grupos no D21 e D42, quando... / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracorporeal shock waves in third metacarpus bone from healthy horses by determination of bone elasticity. It were used 20 Thoroughbred horses, male and female, with two years old, clinically healthy and on top of training, selected as healthy state and special attention on the integrity of the locomotor system. At D0, day zero of the experiment, all animals were submitted to evaluation of bone elasticity held in the third metacarpus bone. The animals were randomly divided into two groups of ten animals (Control Group and Treatment Group). The application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) was performed on the right forelimb of the animals in the Treatment group in the same location evaluated for bone elasticity and extracorporeal therapy of waves was applied with 0.15mJ/mm2 energy flux density and 2000 pulses with E6R20 probe, with focus feature of the shock wave of 20mm. The applications of ESWT were repeated every 21 days, a total of three sessions (D0, D21 and D42). The analysis of bone elasticity determination was realized at D21, D42 and D72. The average speed ultrasound (SOS) differed between groups at D21, D42 and D72, and the animals from treatment group had lower bone mineral density after applications of ESWT. There was also difference in the analysis of bone mass (Z-Score) between the groups at D21 and D42, where animals from treatment group showed a significant decrease in bone mass. The risk of fracture were higher in animals from treatment group at D21. It was concluded that ESWT is able to promote change in bone mineral density.

Orientador: Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo / Resumo: Diversos modelos experimentais têm sido utilizados para ilustrar as alterações hemodinâmicas e metabólicas que ocorrem durante o choque hemorrágico. O objetivo da pesquisa é observar os comportamentos hemodinâmicos e metabólicos que acontecem em um modelo seqüencial e progressivo de choque hemorrágico em cão, verificando quais índices alteram-se mais precocemente. Metodologia: O estudo foi realizado em 13 cães sob anestesia intravenosa total com pentobarbital sódico, em normoventilação e previamente esplenectomizado. Os animais não foram hidratados e a velocidade do sangramento foi ditada pela pressão arterial em que o animal se encontrava. Os atributos estudados foram divididos em hemodinâmicos (freqüência cardíaca - FC, pressão arterial média - PAM, índice de resistência vascular sistêmica - IRVS, índice sistólico - IS, índice cardíaco - IC, índice de choque - I. choque, índice de trabalho sistólico do ventrículo esquerdo - ITSVE, pressão capilar pulmonar - PCP, pressão venosa central - PVC) e metabólicos (saturação venosa mista - SvO2, pressão venosa de oxigênio - PvO2, transporte de oxigênio - DO2, consumo de oxigênio - VO2, Extração de oxigênio - TEO2, lactato sérico - Lactato). A coleta de dados e os atributos foram estudados em 6 momentos distintos: M1 - controle, M2 - sangramento de 10% da volemia calculada para o animal, M3 - sangramento de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Many experimental models have been used to elucidate hemodynamic and metabolic alterations that occur during the hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this research is to observe hemodynamic and metabolic behaviours present in a sequential and progressive model of hemorrhagic shock in dogs, verifying which indexes change more precociously. Methods: This study was performed in 13 dogs under total intravenous anesthesia with sodic pentobarbital, with standart ventilation and formerly splenectomized. The animals were not hydrated and the bleeding velocity was according to the blood pressure of the animal. The studied parameters were divided into hemodynamics (heart rate - HR, mean arterial blood pressure - MAP, sistemic vascular resistance index - SVRI, sistolic index - SI, cardiac index - CI, shock index - S index, sistolic function of the left ventricle index - SFLVI, pulmonary capillary pressure - PCP, central venous pressure - CVP) and metabolics (mixed venous saturation - MVS, venous oxigen pressure - VOP, oxygen transport - OT, oxygen consumption - OC, oxygen extraction - OE and seric lactate). The results and parameters were evaluated in 6 different moments: M1 - control, M2 - bleeding of 10% of calculated volemic for the animal, M3 - increase of 10% in bleeding, M4 - increase of 10% in bleeding, M5 - increase... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Francisco José Teixeira Neto / Banca: Paulo do Nascimento Junior / Banca: Suzane Lilian Beier / Resumo: Klein, A. V. Comparação entre a variação da pressão de pulso e o índice de variabilidade pletismográfica como índices dinâmicos de pré-carga em cães anestesiados com isoflurano submetidos à hemorragia hipotensiva seguida por reposição volêmica. 72 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 2015. A variação da pressão de pulso (VPP) e índice de variabilidade pletismográfica (IVP) são parâmetros úteis para identificar os indivíduos onde o aumento da pré-carga obtido pela expansão volêmica resultará em elevação do índice sistólico (IS) e do índice cardíaco (IC). Este estudo objetivou comparar a VPP e o IVP como índices dinâmicos de pré-carga em cães anestesiados com isoflurano submetidos à hemorragia hipotensiva, seguida pela reposição volêmica (RV) com sangue autólogo. Em um estudo prospectivo, sete cães adultos pesando 25,1 ± 3,4 kg (média ± desvio padrão) foram anestesiados com isoflurano e submetidos à ventilação com volume controlado (volume corrente: 12 mL/kg) com o emprego do bloqueador neuromuscular atracúrio. As concentrações expiradas de isoflurano, ajustadas para manter a pressão arterial média (PAM) em 65 mmHg (±5 mmHg de variação) antes da hemorragia, foram mantidas constantes durante o estudo. O débito cardíaco foi obtido através da técnica de termodiluição pulmonar, enquanto a VPP e o IVP foram obtidos através da pressão arterial invasiva e através de um sensor de oxímetro de pulso posicionado na língua, respectivamente. As variáveis estudadas foram coletadas antes da hemorragia (momento basal), após a retirada de sangue até a redução da PAM para 45 mmHg (± 5 mmHg de variação) e após a RV com sangue autólogo durante 30 minutos. A hemorragia diminuiu significativamente (P < 0,05) o IS e o IC em relação ao momento basal, enquanto a RV normalizou estas variáveis. A VPP e o IVP aumentaram... / Abstract: Klein, A. V. Comparison of changes in pulse pressure variation and in plethysmographic variability index induced by hypotensive hemorrhage followed by volume replacement in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. 72 p. Dissertation (MSc) - School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 2015. The pulse pressure variation (PPV) and the pletysmographic variability index (IVP) are parameters that may identify individuals in which an increase in preload achieved by volume expansion will result in an increase in stroke index (SI) and in cardiac index (CI). This study aimed to compare the PPV and the PVI as dynamic preload indexes in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs undergoing hypotensive hemorrhage followed by volume replacement (VR) with autologous blood. In a prospective study, seven adult dogs weighing 25,1 ± 3,4 kg (mean ± standard deviation) were anesthetized with isoflurane under volume controlled ventilation (tidal volume: 12 mL/kg) and atracurium neuromuscular blockade. End-tidal isoflurane concentrations, adjusted to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 65 mmHg (± 5 mmHg range) before hemorrhage, were maintained constant throughout the study. Cardiac output was measured by the pulmonary thermodilution technique, while PPV and PVI were derived from invasive blood pressure from a pulse oxymeter placed in the tongue, respectively. Variables were recorded before hemorrhage (baseline), after withdrawing blood until MAP was decreased to 45 mmHg (± 5 mmHg range), and after VR with autologous blood over 30 minutes. Hemorrhage significantly (P < 0.05) decreased SI and CI from baseline; while VR normalized these variables. The PPV and PVI significantly increased from baseline after hemorrhage. Changes from baseline induced by hemorrhage were significantly higher for PPV (11 ± 5%) than for PVI (5 ± 5%). After VR, PPV returned to baseline while PVI decreased significantly from baseline. Changes from hemorrhage induced by VR were ... / Mestre