Titel: Sustainability in purchasing - a study on the shoe industry Authors: Malin Åqvist and Sofie Skarlöv Tutor: Leif Rytting Examiner: Kaisa Lund Subject: Bachelor thesis 15 credits. Business administration III - Marketing. Retail and Service management, Linnaeus University, Spring of 2019. Purpose and research question The purpose of the report is to investigate which elements can be interesting and important in the purchasing function regarding sustainability issues and what characterizes these. Furthermore, the intention is to clarify how sustainability can be communicated from a market perspective. The focus is a case study on the shoe industry, as a starting point for possible transfer to other consumer sectors. -What elements of sustainability are relevant to a purchase and what distinguishes them?-What is the characteristics of the different stakeholders who have an impact on the work with sustainability? -What can the future and development mean for the connection between purchasing and sustainability?-What affects how companies communicate their sustainability work? Method The empirical data is collected through eight interviews based on an interview guide. The respondents work within the shoe industry and or with connection to the purchasing function and sustainability. Conclusion The result indicates that there is a combination of different factors that are central to achieve a sustainable purchasing. To clearly communicate sustainable choices externally will therefore be an essential part of an exchange of knowledge between businesses and its customers. / Titel: Hållbarhet inom inköp - en studie på skobranschen Författare: Malin Åqvist och Sofie Skarlöv Handledare: Leif Rytting Examinator: Kaisa Lund Kurs: Kandidatuppsats 15 hp. Företagsekonomi III - Marknadsföring. Detaljhandel och Service management programmet, Linnéuniversitetet, VT 2019. Syfte och forskningsfrågor Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka vilka inslag som kan vara intressanta och viktiga i inköpsfunktionen gällande hållbarhetsfrågor och vad som präglar dessa. Vidare är avsikten att tydliggöra hur hållbarhet kan kommuniceras ur ett marknadsperspektiv. I centrum står en fallstudie på skobranchen, som utgångspunkt för möjlig överföring till andra konsument-sektorer. - Vilka inslag av hållbarhet är relevanta för ett inköp och vad utmärker dessa?- Vad är karaktäristiskt för olika intressenter som har en inverkan på arbetet med hållbarhet?- Vad kan framtid och utveckling innebära för kopplingen mellan inköp och hållbarhet? - Vad påverkar hur företag kommunicerar sitt hållbarhetsarbete? Metod Den empiriska datan är insamlad genom åtta stycken intervjuer baserat på en intervjuguide. Respondenterna arbetar inom skobranschen och eller med koppling till inköpsfunktionen och hållbarhet. Slutsatser Resultatet tyder på att det är en sammansättning av olika faktorer som blir centrala för att uppnå ett hållbart inköp. Att tydligt kommunicera sina hållbara val utåt blir således en väsentlig del i ett kunskapsutbyte mellan verksamheter och dess kunder.

O conceito de manufatura enxuta está sendo considerado mais e mais um novo paradigma para um número grande de empresas no mundo. Original da indústria automobilística, o conceito produção enxuta tem sido espalhado para todos os tipos de indústrias. Este trabalho apresenta uma implementação do sistema de produção enxuta em uma indústria calçadista. Tem como objetivo maior apresentar a aplicação dos conceitos de um sistema de formação de células no setor de costura. A criação destas células é vital porque a maioria das atividades são operações intensivamente manuais e células promovem a oportunidade para uma melhor utilização do operário no balanceamento e padronização das operações. As células também permitem uma melhor utilização do espaço e menor estoque intermediário. Um grande desafio para esta atividade é a alta variedade de produtos com alta variedade de seqüências nas operações de costura. Logo, este trabalho apresenta um levantamento bibliográfico, fazendo uma caracterização sobre evoluções dos sistemas de administração da produção salientando a importância do sistema de produção enxuta, bem como conceitos básicos de layout e manufatura celular, apresentando neste contexto sua relevância e medidas utilizadas nas empresas para tomada de decisões e ações. Apresenta também um método para a formação de células em empresas deste setor, desenvolvido através de pesquisa-ação. Além disso, é apresentado um caso real de implantação deste método em uma empresa de calçados esportivos e são discutidos os resultados obtidos. / The concept of lean manufacturing is being considered more and more a new paradigma for a number of companies worldwide. Originally from the automotive industry, the concept of lean production has been spread to all types of industry. This work presents an implementation of the lean production system in a shoe industry. Its main purpose is to present the application of the concepts of this system to the cell formation in the sewing sector. The creation of these cells is vital because most of the operations are intensely manual and cells provide the opportunity for a better use of the worker in the balancing and standardization of the operations. Cells also allow a better use of the space and less work in process. A great challenge for this activity is the high variety of products with high variety of sequences in the operations of sewing. Therefore, the study presents a research on the evolution of the production administration system showing the importance of the lean production system, as well as basic concepts of layout and cellular manufacturing, presenting in this context its relevance and the performance measurements used in industries for the decision making and actions. It also presents a method to the cell formation in shoe industries, developed from an action-research. It is presented a real case of implementation of this method in a sportive shoe industry and discussed its results.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Roberto Alves.pdf: 1763927 bytes, checksum: 11a4a0a68125a2efc9c131d08a2cf0a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-10 / This work aims at providing a comparative analysis of the case studies of two clusters producers of women's footwear, both located in the central region of the state of São Paulo: Jaú and Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo. These objects of study were suggested by the Departamento de Competitividade e Tecnologia da Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo - DECOMTEC/FIESP (Department of Competitiveness and Technology of the Federation of Industries of the State of São Paulo) and are both in the same industry sector, having similar industrial maturity and being distant from the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The cluster of Jaú, larger, more structured and with it s own governance, receives government incentives; on the other hand, the cluster of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, smaller, less structured and without it s own governance, doesn t. The research studied whether agglomerations encouraged by the government, directly or indirectly, can spread economic and social benefits to society, and also intended to identify these benefits, quantifying them, and comparing them with those which the concentration that receives no incentives provides. The existing literature highlighted the economic externalities of productive concentrations - this thesis, in an unprecedented way, looks at their social side and seeks to identify the social and economic externalities they bring. The conclusions point to the fact that the two concentrations still lack a strong structuring and more involvement, besides support institutions, particularly from the government, but they also show that the social and economic externalities of both clusters are very intense in the cities and regions that where these clusters are hosted / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal realizar uma análise comparativa de dois estudos de caso de arranjos produtivos locais (clusters) de produtores de calçados femininos, ambos localizados na região central do estado de São Paulo: o de Jaú e o de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo. Esses objetos de estudo foram sugeridos pelo Departamento de Competitividade e Tecnologia (Decomtec) da Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo (Fiesp), por serem do mesmo ramo industrial, terem maturidades industriais similares e estarem distantes da região metropolitana de São Paulo. O APL de Jaú, maior, mais estruturado e com governança própria, recebe incentivos do governo; e o aglomerado de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, menor, menos estruturado e sem governança, não recebe. A investigação quis saber se as aglomerações incentivadas pelo governo, direta ou indiretamente, propagam benefícios econômicos e sociais à comunidade local, e pretendeu identificar quais são esses benefícios, quantificando-os, e comparando-os com os que proporcionam a concentração que não recebe qualquer incentivo. A literatura existente destaca as externalidades econômicas das concentrações produtivas, e, esta tese, de maneira inédita, olha para seu lado social, buscando identificar as externalidades econômicas e sociais que elas trazem. As considerações finais apontam que as duas concentrações ainda carecem de uma forte estruturação e mais envolvimento das instituições de apoio, particularmente as governamentais, e mesmo assim as externalidades sociais e econômicas das duas concentrações são muito intensas nas cidades e regiões que as abrigam

Este trabalho desenvolve uma metodologia de otimização de solado de calçados utilizando simulações estáticas de elementos finitos. Diversas medições foram realizadas em laboratório para obter dados que caracterizem a pisada humana. As medições realizadas foram das seguintes grandezas: força de reação, pressão na interface pé-solado e medição de ângulo relativo entre pé e perna. Os resultados dessa medição foram utilizados para definir e verificar um modelo 3D de elementos finitos. A geometria utilizada para gerar a malha de elementos foi construída a partir de imagens de tomografia computadorizada que passaram pelo processo de reconstrução 3D e suavização do contorno. As propriedades dos materiais utilizadas na simulação foram obtidas na literatura para a parte óssea e tecidos moles do pé. As propriedades do solado do calçado foram obtidas através de ensaios e ajuste de curvas de modelos hiperelásticos. A simulação apresentou resultados coerentes com a medição, validando o modelo para ser utilizado na otimização do solado. O solado foi otimizado para um parâmetro de geometria e um do material, objetivando a redução de picos de pressão plantar nas regiões do calcanhar e abaixo dos metatarsos em dois instantes de tempo mais representativos da pisada. A metodologia proposta é uma solução atraente para eliminação de fatores subjetivos na avaliação de um calçado e redução de custo de fabricação de protótipos, bem como para melhorar aspectos relacionados à conforto e desempenho. / This paperwork develops a optimization methodology for shoe sole using finite element static simulation. Several experimental measurements were done to characterize human gait. The measured variables were: reaction force, plantar pressure and foot-leg angle. The results of experimental measurement were used to define and verify a 3D finite element model. Computerized tomography images were used to create the geometry that served as base for finite element mesher. The images were first used in 3D reconstruction and therefore boundary suavization. Bone and soft tissues properties were defined from literature. Sole material properties were defined with rubber experiment and hyperelastic model fit. Finite element model proved to be valid due to results similar to experimental tests. Sole design were optimized for one geometry parameter and one material parameter. The main goal were peek pressure reduction in heel and metatarsal head region using two representative time step. Te proposed methodology is attractive due to elimination of subjective factors in comfort evaluation and reduction of prototypes manufacturing.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Roberto Alves.pdf: 1763927 bytes, checksum: 11a4a0a68125a2efc9c131d08a2cf0a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-10 / This work aims at providing a comparative analysis of the case studies of two clusters producers of women's footwear, both located in the central region of the state of São Paulo: Jaú and Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo. These objects of study were suggested by the Departamento de Competitividade e Tecnologia da Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo - DECOMTEC/FIESP (Department of Competitiveness and Technology of the Federation of Industries of the State of São Paulo) and are both in the same industry sector, having similar industrial maturity and being distant from the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The cluster of Jaú, larger, more structured and with it s own governance, receives government incentives; on the other hand, the cluster of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, smaller, less structured and without it s own governance, doesn t. The research studied whether agglomerations encouraged by the government, directly or indirectly, can spread economic and social benefits to society, and also intended to identify these benefits, quantifying them, and comparing them with those which the concentration that receives no incentives provides. The existing literature highlighted the economic externalities of productive concentrations - this thesis, in an unprecedented way, looks at their social side and seeks to identify the social and economic externalities they bring. The conclusions point to the fact that the two concentrations still lack a strong structuring and more involvement, besides support institutions, particularly from the government, but they also show that the social and economic externalities of both clusters are very intense in the cities and regions that where these clusters are hosted / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal realizar uma análise comparativa de dois estudos de caso de arranjos produtivos locais (clusters) de produtores de calçados femininos, ambos localizados na região central do estado de São Paulo: o de Jaú e o de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo. Esses objetos de estudo foram sugeridos pelo Departamento de Competitividade e Tecnologia (Decomtec) da Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo (Fiesp), por serem do mesmo ramo industrial, terem maturidades industriais similares e estarem distantes da região metropolitana de São Paulo. O APL de Jaú, maior, mais estruturado e com governança própria, recebe incentivos do governo; e o aglomerado de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, menor, menos estruturado e sem governança, não recebe. A investigação quis saber se as aglomerações incentivadas pelo governo, direta ou indiretamente, propagam benefícios econômicos e sociais à comunidade local, e pretendeu identificar quais são esses benefícios, quantificando-os, e comparando-os com os que proporcionam a concentração que não recebe qualquer incentivo. A literatura existente destaca as externalidades econômicas das concentrações produtivas, e, esta tese, de maneira inédita, olha para seu lado social, buscando identificar as externalidades econômicas e sociais que elas trazem. As considerações finais apontam que as duas concentrações ainda carecem de uma forte estruturação e mais envolvimento das instituições de apoio, particularmente as governamentais, e mesmo assim as externalidades sociais e econômicas das duas concentrações são muito intensas nas cidades e regiões que as abrigam

Bakgrund: Rullsulor används för att kompensera för ledstelhet, förbättra avveckling av steget, minska höga tryck plantart och minska böjningen vid tålederna.  Det finns dock få studier som undersöker om rullsulan verkligen minskar ledrörlighet i framfoten. Det saknas även information för betydelsen av rullsulans styvhet för böjmomentet av framfoten, vid avvecklingen av steget.   Metod: Fem friska kvinnor (n=5) gick med tre olika par skor, två par var modifierade med en likadan rullsula med olika styvheter och ett par utan rullsula. Fem upprepade mätningar för de tre olika skorna samlades in för alla deltagare. Det dorsala böjmomentet analyserades med sensorsulan (VebitoSCIENCE) som ersatte skons innersula.   Resultat: Det dorsala böjmomentet minskade för samtliga deltagare med en rullsula. Signifikant minskning av det dorsala böjmomentet vid MTP 1, för alla deltagare, när den styva rullsulan jämfördes med utan rullsula (94,4 – 20,1 Nmm) och mellan styv och flexibel rullsula för deltagare 1,2, 4 & 5 (68 – 22,2 Nmm).   Konklusion: Det dorsala böjmomentet minskade signifikant för MTP1 och MTP5 när en rullsula användes av friska kvinnor. Studien har också visat att en styv rullsula har en betydelse för att uppnå ett minskat dorsalt böjmoment vid MTP. / Background: Rocker soles are used to compensate for joint stiffness, reduce high plantar pressure and reduce the bending of the toe joints. Despite this, few studies have investigated if the rocker shoe really reduce the joint movement at the forefoot. There is also a lack of information regarding the importance of the rocker shoes stiffness for the bending moment of the forefoot, at the third rocker.   Method: Five healthy women (n=5) walked with three different pairs of shoes, two pairs were modified with the same rocker shape with different stiffness and one pair without a rocker. Five repeated measurements for the three different shoes were collected for all the participants. The dorsal bending moment was analyzed with a sensor sole (VebitoSCIENCE) that replaced the shoes insole.   Result: The dorsal bending moment was reduced for all participants with a rocker shoe. Significant reduction of the dorsal bending moment at MTP1, for all participants, when the stiff rocker was compared to the shoe without rocker (94,4 – 20,1 Nmm) and between the stiff and flexible rocker for participants 1,2,4 and 5 (68 -22,2 Nmm).   Conclusion: The dorsal bending moment was significantly reduced for MTP 1 and MTP 5 when a rocker shoe was used by healthy women, the study has also shown that the stiffness has an importance in order to achieve a reduction of the dorsal bending moment at MTP.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the success of fixed space maintainers (fspms) placed by a sole dental practitioner in a private practice setting. The survey was conducted to evaluate the use of fspms by pediatric dentists and orthodontists. Methods: 899 fspms placed in 531 patients were evaluated. An online survey was sent to 1000 pediatric dentists and 1000 orthodontists. Results: The clinical success rate was 86.6%. The response rate for pediatric dentists surveyed was 43.0% but for orthodontists was only 7.0%. The vast majority of responding pediatric dentists (99.8%) and orthodontists (97.0%) placed fspms. The most common reason cited for failure by the pediatric dentists was cement loss (47.3%) and breakage by the orthodontists (30.4%). Conclusions: Fixed space maintainers had a high clinical success rate (86.6%) and were placed by the vast majority of responding pediatric dentists (99.8%) and orthodontists (97.0%).

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the success of fixed space maintainers (fspms) placed by a sole dental practitioner in a private practice setting. The survey was conducted to evaluate the use of fspms by pediatric dentists and orthodontists. Methods: 899 fspms placed in 531 patients were evaluated. An online survey was sent to 1000 pediatric dentists and 1000 orthodontists. Results: The clinical success rate was 86.6%. The response rate for pediatric dentists surveyed was 43.0% but for orthodontists was only 7.0%. The vast majority of responding pediatric dentists (99.8%) and orthodontists (97.0%) placed fspms. The most common reason cited for failure by the pediatric dentists was cement loss (47.3%) and breakage by the orthodontists (30.4%). Conclusions: Fixed space maintainers had a high clinical success rate (86.6%) and were placed by the vast majority of responding pediatric dentists (99.8%) and orthodontists (97.0%).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 2000. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 238-250).

Thesis ( MA (History))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / The thesis “ ‘Almal kom na Lubbe: Die skoenmakerverhaal van A.P. Lubbe en Seun (Edms) Bpk, 1918-2001”, is an attempt to investigate the history of a family business spanning three generations against the background of the general socio-economic and political circumstances during the period 1918-2001. In 1918, at the time of the start of industrialisation in South Africa, Andries Petrus Lubbe started a bridle and shoe repair business en Bird Street, Stellenbosch. To him this business was the beginning of the realization of a dream to own his own shoe factory. During the 1940’s Andries Lubbe started experimenting with the manufacturing of shoes. This experiment was successful and encouraged his eldest son, Willem, to join the business in 1943. In 1948 after Willem completed his training in shoe technology in Britain, the business was officially registered as a private company. In 1956 Lubbe opened a shoe factory near Du Toit Station in Stellenbosch. This was the start of an era of mass production and mechanization in the company. Willem Lubbe was solely in charge of the factory and against the background of the economic affluence of the sixties the company prospered. In 1970 Andries Lubbe died and Willem Lubbe became the sole owner of the family business. In 1976, André Lubbe, Willem’s only son, joined the business. Against the setting of the unfavourable economic circumstances of the late seventies and eighties, André Lubbe succeeded to guide the company towards the niche market field by manufacturing speciality shoes, e.g. “Trailbuster” hiking boots. The nineties were characterised by unstable political and socio-economic conditions associated with South Africa’s transition to democracy and Lubbe suffered as a consequence. In an attempt to overcome the problems André tried to make the company more internationally orientated and Lubbe International was therefore established in 1994. This was not successful and by 1999 it was clear that Lubbe would not be able to function any longer. Some of the brand names were sold to another shoe manufacturer, Corrida Shoes, and in 2001, the doors of A.P. Lubbe and Son (Pty) Ltd were finally closed.