Two fundamental structural elements, basement architecture and basal decollement, play a significant role in the evolution of a tectonically active region. Using different approaches (field data, literature review and analogue models) this thesis demonstrates that these two elements affected the deformation style in the Zagros fold-thrust belt during Mesozoic extensional and Cenozoic contractional episodes. Reassessment of available data suggests a new configuration for the basement to Zagros basin that consists of basement faults with three different trends. Complicated interrelationships of these basement faults divide the Zagros basin into two major basement blocks, active and passive. This model associated with geological evidence suggests that deformation in the basement due to the convergence between Arabia and Iran is not restricted to the Zagros Mountains but already involves a considerable part of the Arabian platform. However, deformation in the cover units is not only governed by the deformation in the basement, which are decoupled from each other by the Hormuz salt in many parts in the Zagros fold-thrust belt. Geological evidence shows that there is a clear relationship between activity of the Hormuz structures and the basement faults in the Zagros basin. Extended analogue models indirectly show how Hormuz types of basal decollement associated with the opening of Neo-Tethys can control the distribution, number, width and geometry of faults, penetrative strain, and diapirism. Analogue models shortened from one-end show that the spatial distribution of the Hormuz salt in the Zagros belt map viscous and frictional decollements to the thin-skinned deformation. Shortening of the cover results in formation of partitioning of strain into transpressional zones, different topographic wedges and differential sedimentation of growth sediments along the Zagros belt. Model results supported by geological and geophysical data sets suggest that some of the faults previously attributed to basement could have developed above the initial lateral boundaries between viscous and frictional basal decollements.

This dissertation contains two studies that investigate the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the western USA. The first study investigates shortening in the Sevier thrust belt of northeast Utah and southwest Wyoming. Cross section restoration suggests that there was ∼8-14 km of pre-Absaroka-thrust shortening above the Jurassic Preuss salt detachment (PSD), but not below it, in the hanging wall of the Absaroka thrust. Reflection seismic data show that the Crawford thrust is not offset along the PSD, indicating that the additional shortening on the Absaroka plate was transferred east before main movement on the Crawford thrust. Integration of surface and subsurface geology suggests slip from the Willard or Lost Creek thrust was transferred several tens of kilometers east along the PSD between ∼102-90 Ma.The second study investigates the low-temperature thermochronology of the Laramide Ranges. We dated 91 borehole and surface samples from basement-cored uplifts of the Rocky Mountain foreland (Wind River, Beartooth, Bighorn and Laramie Ranges), and the Uncompahgre Uplift, using the apatite (U-Th)/He system. (U-Th)/He ages generally increase with increasing elevation. Most samples show age dispersion of tens to hundreds of Myr. Several samples show correlations between (U-Th)/He age and effective U concentration (eU = [U] + 0.235[Th]), indicating that radiation damage has affected (U-Th)/He age. Many surface and near-surface samples have (U-Th)/He ages that are older than apatite fission-track ages.Forward and inverse modeling using a radiation damage diffusion model showed that (U-Th)/He ages may be widely dispersed, and may be older than apatite fission-track ages within a fossil partial retention zone. Most samples, however, do not exhibit the predicted (U-Th)/He age-eU correlation. We show that the effects of grain size can obscure (U-Th)/He age-eU correlations. Best-fit thermal histories from the inversion of age-eU pairs were extrapolated to other elevations to create model age-elevation plots. "Too-old" (U-Th)/He ages that are not within a fossil partial retention zone are likely due to He implantation from high-eU phases. Inverse modeling of (U-Th)/He age data suggests that rapid exhumation within the Laramide province began earlier in the Bighorn Mountains (before ∼71 Ma) than the Beartooth Range (before ∼58 Ma).

Die Anwendung von Beinlängentests spielt in der Chiropraktik als auch in der manuellen Medizin eine große Rolle. In den meisten Fällen ist beschrieben, dass Beinlängendifferenzen durch Subluxationen im Beckengürtel entstehen (Ausnahmen werden in Punkt 5.4 dargelegt). Diese These zu überprüfen und mit eigenen Erfahrungen abzugleichen, ist dem Autor schon seit geraumer Zeit ein Anliegen. Es ist auch zu klären, welche Art der Beckensubluxation zur Beinlängendifferenz (BLD) führt. Die Voraussetzungen für diese Untersuchung sind in der eigenen Praxis des Autors, im Haus der Chiropraktik gegeben, da alle Patienten ausschließlich nach Vorlage von Röntgenbildern behandelt werden. Diese werden in dem dafür entwickelten Programm X-Ray Solution vermessen und gespeichert. In der Sacro Occipital Technik (SOT) von Dr. M. B. DeJarnette DC, der Aktivator Technik, als auch der Thompson Terminal Point Technik (TTPT) wird auf der Seite des kurzen Beines von einem PI oder Ex Ilium ausgegangen. Als PI Ilium wird eine Beckenverschiebung nach posterior und inferior beschrieben. Referenzpunkt dafür ist die Spina iliaca posterior superior (SIPS). Verschiebt sich diese nach extern, so wird diese Subluxation als Ex Ilium bezeichnet. Je nach Technik werden aber vorher die Halswirbelsäule als Verursacher sowie eine bestimmte Art von Knie- und Fuß-Subluxationspattern ausgeschlossen.

Orientador: Daniel Barrera-Arellano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:44:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Davoli_FernandaZaccarelli_M.pdf: 1950760 bytes, checksum: beddba9801d9e0ab94fdf516e8404ff5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: As comprovações científicas que demonstram os danos causados à saúde pelo consumo de ácidos graxos trans, aliadas às novas legislações que restringem a quantidade de ácidos graxos trans ou determinam a necessidade de suas quantidades serem especificadas nas tabelas nutricionais dos rótulos dos alimentos, tornaram a interesterificação e as técnicas de misturas de diferentes fontes de gorduras, ferramentas fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de gorduras e alimentos livres de ácidos graxos trans. A indústria de alimentos precisa de conhecimento sobre a funcionalidade e aplicabilidade de gorduras formuladas com baixo conteúdo de ácidos graxos trans e sobre o efeito de aditivos, como os emulsificantes, nas suas características físico-químicas. Neste trabalho, três gorduras comerciais com baixo conteúdo de ácidos graxos trans (duas para recheio de biscoito tipo wafer e uma para recheio de biscoito tipo sanduíche) foram aditivadas com cinco emulsificantes diferentes, a uma dosagem constante de 3%. Os emulsificantes utilizados foram 5 versões de mono e mono-diglicerídios saturados, que diferiam com relação à matéria-prima usada na sua produção e o teor de monoglicerídio contido no produto. As características físico-químicas determinadas nas gorduras foram: perfil de sólidos, ponto de fusão, dropping point, curvas de cristalização e de fusão por DSC e isoterma de cristalização por RMN. Os perfis de cristalização das gorduras tanto por DSC como RMN foram as características que mais sofreram alterações. Os cinco emulsificantes promoveram aumento na velocidade de cristalização das gorduras. Dois dos emulsificantes e duas das gorduras foram cristalizados em planta piloto, utilizando-se um trocador de calor de superfície raspada e, posteriormente usadas na produção de recheios. Os recheios foram analisados quanto à densidade específica, firmeza, dureza e aderência e comparados com recheios feitos com as gorduras sem aditivos. Em geral, nenhuma alteração significativa nos recheios foi observada. Enfim, emulsificantes podem ser usados como agentes de aceleração da velocidade de cristalização de gorduras e potencialmente podem diminuir o tempo de produção de gorduras e biscoitos recheados / Abstract: Scientific evidence that demonstrates the harm to health caused by the consumption of trans fatty acids, coupled with new legislation that limits the quantity of trans fatty acids or calls for its quantities to be clearly specified on nutritional tables in product labels have made the interesterification and blending techniques, which combine different sources of fat, essential for the development of trans free fats and food products. The food industry requires knowledge of functionally and applicability of formulated fats with low contents of trans fatty acids and of the effects that additives, such as emulsifiers, produce on their physical-chemical properties. This work studies the change to the physical-chemical properties of three commercially used fats (two wafer biscuit filling fats and one sandwich biscuit filling fat) with low contents of trans fatty acids when a constant 3% dosage of emulsifier is added. The emulsifiers used were five versions of saturated mono and mono-diglycerides made from different fat bases and having different monoglyceride contents. The physical-chemical properties of the fats analyzed were: solid fat content, melting point, dropping point, crystallization and melting curves by DSC and crystallization isotherm by NMR. The most significant change observed was related to the crystallization profile both by DSC or NMR. All five emulsifiers enhanced fat crystallization rate. Two emulsifiers combined with two fats were crystallized using a pilot scraped-surface heat exchanger (SSHE) and further used to produce biscuit fillings. These filling samples were finally analyzed in terms of their specific gravity, firmness, hardness and stickiness and compared to a filling made from pure low trans fat. No significant change was identified in the comparison. Thus, the emulsifier can be utilized as an agent to speed up fat crystallization and potentially shorten the fat and filled biscuit production time / Mestrado / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

This study examined and compared static, countermovement, and rebound-type drop jumps from the upper and lower extremities among USA Junior National Team male gymnasts. Twenty-one gymnasts performed two repetitions each of upper (UE) and lower extremity (LE) static (SJ), countermovement (CMJ), and drop (DJ) jumps on a force platform. Average measures of maximum jump height (MXHT), peak force (PF), rate of force development (RFD), and peak power (PP) were calculated for analysis. In addition, sample-specific allometric scaling was used to scale PF and PP. Four 2x3 repeated measures ANOVAs were calculated for analyses. Statistically significant main effects were observed for UE vs LE for MXHT, PF, RFD, and PP (all p < 0.001). Statistically significant main effects for jump-type were also observed: MXHT, PF, RFD, and PP (all p < 0.001). Finally, statistically significant extremities x jump-type interaction effects were obtained for MXHT, PF, RFD, and PP (all p < 0.001). These gymnasts showed better performances in CJs relative to SJs, but performances were unexpectedly poorer in the DJs. Despite using rebound-type jumps in tumbling and vaulting with UE and LE, the DJs did not appear to capture the athletes’ stretch-shortening cycle skill or may reflect poor stretch-shortening cycle skill.

(1) Yoshikawa, S., Kida, H. & Sato, K. Promotional effects of new types of additives on fat crystallization. J. Oleo Sci. 63(4), 333–345, © 2014 Japan Oil Chemists’ Society, Tokyo., (2) Yoshikawa, S., Kida, H. & Sato, K. Fat crystallization with talc particles is influenced by particle size, concentration, and cooling rate. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 117(6), 858–868, © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim., (3) Yoshikawa, S., Kida, H., Matsumura, Y. & Sato, K. Adding talc particles improves physical properties of palm oil-based shortening. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500283 (in press), © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13044号 / 論農博第2837号 / 新制||農||1044(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N5008(農学部図書室) / 33036 / (主査)教授 松村 康生, 教授 裏出 令子, 教授 安達 修二 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Surveys of emergent terraces and U-series ages for ten sites along the coast of East Timor provide estimates of late Quaternary differential vertical strain in the most mature region of the Banda Arc-continent collision complex. Over a distance of ~180 km vertical displacement rates vary between 0.0 and 1.6 meters per 1000 years for the last 150,000 years. Two models of terrace formation (constructional and erosional) are applied to interpret terrace ages from coral ages and to estimate uplift rates. The highest uplift rates are from three sites over a distance of 15 km along the coast. Uplift rates were estimated from corals approximately 20 m above mean sea-level that yield ages of c. 54–74 ka, which correspond to the 3a (c. 49-52 ka) sea-level highstand and a possible highstand or standstill in regression between the 5a sea-level highstand and the 4 sea-level lowstand . These ten sites and resulting variable uplift rates are used constrain a wavelength of deformation due to the fact that recognizable terraces along the coast are not consistent. Terraces cannot be correlated over distances greater than 10 km, vary between 2 to 25 in number, and reach varying altitudes between ~100 and 600 meters above sea-level. The results propose that along an east-west transect a background surface uplift rate increases from 0.1 meter per 1000 years near Subau to 0.5–0.6 meters per 1000 years west of Baucau and remains at that rate for over 170 km. This would indicate a broad wavelength of deformation, possibly related to lithospheric scaled processes. However, superimposed on this background uplift rate is a shorter wavelength (< 15 km) of uplift with a mean of 1.2 meters per 1000 years and peak surface uplift at 1.6 meters per 1000 years. Another interpretation proposes the possibility of at least three shorter wavelength features. The shorter wavelength is likely associated to deformation in the upper crust. This study associates the crustal deformation to Quaternary movement along retro-wedge thrust faults at depth, which indicates active crustal shortening in Timor region.

Introduktion: Plyometrisk träning är en högintensiv träningsform för att förbättra atletisk prestation som exempelvis explosiv styrka och effektutveckling. Plyometrisk träning i vatten är däremot mindre undersökt men tidigare forskning tyder på att det verkar ha liknande effekter som landbaserad plyometrisk träning. Syfte: Litteraturundersökningens syfte är att undersöka om det finns en effekt av plyometrisk träning i vatten på hopphöjd, muskelstyrka och muskelömhet. Ytterligare ett syfte är att jämföra effekterna mellan plyometrisk träning i vatten med landbaserad plyometrisk träning på hopphöjd, muskelstyrka och muskelömhet. Metod: En systematisk sökning genomfördes i de vetenskapliga databaserna Pubmed och Web of Science. Utöver detta genomsöktes samtliga referenser på de artiklar som uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna. Resultat: Litteraturundersökningen visade att plyometrisk träning i vatten verkar ha en effekt på hopphöjd. Muskelstyrka och muskelömhet visade inget tydligt utfall. Plyometrisk träning i vatten verkar ha samma effekt på hopphöjd och muskelstyrka som landbaserad plyometrisk träning. Vattenbaserad plyometrisk träning verkar ge mindre muskelömhet jämfört med landbaserad plyometrisk träning. Konklusion: Det behövs mer forskning i området för att fastställa vilka faktorer som gör att vattenbaserad plyometrisk träning är lika effektiv som landbaserad träning för att förbättra hopphöjd. Det behövs mer forskning på plyometrisk träning i vatten associerad till muskelstyrka och muskelömhet för att få en tydligare bild av effekterna / Introduction: Effects of plyometric training to improve athletic performance such as explosive strength and power development are well-documented. However, less is known about the effects of aquatic plyometric training. Previous research suggests that it appears to have similar effects as land-based plyometric training. Purpose: The purpose of the literature review was to investigate if there is an effect of aquatic plyometric training on jump height, muscle strength and muscle soreness. Another aim was to compare the effects of plyometric training in water with land-based plyometric training on jump height, muscle strength and muscle soreness. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in the scientific databases Pubmed and Web of Science. In addition, all references were manually searched on the articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results: The literature review shows that aquatic plyometric training seems to have an effect on jump height. Muscle strength and muscle soreness showed no clear outcome. Aquatic plyometric training seems to have the same effect on jump height and muscle strength as land-based plyometric training. Aquatic plyometric training seems to give less muscle soreness compared to land-based plyometric training. Conclusion: More research is necessary to determine which factors make aquatic plyometric training as effective as land-based plyometric training to improve jump height. More research is needed on aquatic plyometric training associated with muscle strength and muscle soreness to get a better understanding of the effects.

Background: Jump height, utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) and knee stability is key qualifications and important factors for athletic performance. This is usually practiced with the help of plyometric training. However, plyometric training is considered as an exercise with high-impact that adds stress on the body. Trampoline training is an activity with a growing number of adolescent’s performers, and with the ability to train the same qualities that plyometric training. However, few studies have investigated trampoline trainings effect on jump height, utilization of the SSC and the knee stability in comparison to ordinary plyometric exercises. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the jump height in a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a squat jump (SJ), the use of SSC and knee stability at landing is different in adolescents who are training using a trampoline and adolescents training using plyometric exercises. Methods: Thirty (n=30) participants, 19 handball players and 11 trampoline practitioners, aged 14-18 years, completed this cross-sectional study. This study involved three tests, a CMJ and a SJ for measuring the jump height and SSCand a double leg drop jump test for measuring the knee stability. Results: The result showed a significant difference in relative jump value between the groups, were the handball group showed a higher value in the CMJ and the SJ compared to the trampoline group. In the utilization of the SSC there were no significant difference between the groups. The result showed that there was a significant difference between the groups knee stability, were the handball group showed a greater knee degrees of varus compared to the trampoline group. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggests that adolescents might benefit from performing plyometric training to achieve a greater jump height and trampoline training to achieve a greater knee stability. Both activities had the same effect on the utilization of theSSC. More studies are needed, including a more homogenous group with larger sample sizes, to support the present results and investigate whether the results are reliable.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-14T16:30:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VALQUIRES MARTINS DE SANTANA_.pdf: 1719098 bytes, checksum: ae6506315a184c8191e94ef65247cd84 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T16:30:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VALQUIRES MARTINS DE SANTANA_.pdf: 1719098 bytes, checksum: ae6506315a184c8191e94ef65247cd84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-02 / Nenhuma / O agronegócio é um setor que movimenta a economia e gera riquezas para as regiões que têm suas bases de negócios voltadas para esta importante área e, em muitos casos, a principal fonte de receita. Inclui-se nisso a cadeia produtiva do arroz que busca produzir e implementar inovações tecnológicas que trazem importantes mudanças para o cenário agrícola brasileiro. Assim, esse estudo trata do movimento de encurtamento da cadeia produtiva do arroz, envolvendo a indústria de beneficiamento e os produtores no município de Lagoa da Confusão, no estado de Tocantins. Como objetivo principal o estudo procurou entender e explanar o que motivou o encurtamento da cadeia produtiva do arroz observado neste município. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com os representantes dos elos da cadeia produtiva (agroindústria, produtores, fornecedores de insumos e máquinas, entidade de classe e poder público municipal). Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o método de análise de conteúdo baseado em Bardin. Entende-se que algumas características contribuíram para a tomada de decisão do encurtamento como: disponibilidade de água, extensão territorial inexplorada, condições climáticas e de solo favoráveis para a produção do arroz irrigado, associados a aspectos como redução dos custos logísticos, custo de produção, estreitamento das relações de comércio, redução de distâncias e intensificação da negociação de forma direta. Os produtores foram beneficiados pela garantia de venda de seus produtos na colheita; melhora na classificação dos grãos refletida em ganhos financeiros; minimização de perecimento e má qualidade ocasionada pelo transporte; redução dos custos com secagem e armazenagem; confiança em investimento em tecnologia de ponta. Outra possibilidade vislumbrada se refere à chegada de agroindústrias à região e aumento da procura pelo produto. Pode-se inferir o ganho nos aspectos econômicos e sociais para o município, incremento da arrecadação; crescimento do comércio local; oferta de mão de obra na iniciativa privada; considerável aumento da população e a região tornando-se referência no cultivo de arroz irrigado. / The agribusiness is a sector that moves the economy and generates wealth to the regions that has its core business as a base on this important area and, in most of the cases, the main source of income. In this context there is the productive chain of rice which searches for production and implementation of technological innovations that bring important changes to the Brazilian agribusiness scenario. Thus, this study concerns the movement of shortening the supply chain, involving the improvement industry and producers from Lagoa da Confusão, Tocantins State, Brazil. As this study’s main aim we have tried to explore and explain what has motivated the shortening of the supply chain of the rice observed in this city. This is a, exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection was made by semi structured interview, with links in the supply chain (agroindustry, producers, suppliers of consumable and machine, class entity and the municipal public power). To analyze the data we have used the content method based on Bardin. We have considered that some characteristics have contributed to the decision of shortening, such as water availability, unexplored territorial extension, favorable climate and soil conditions to the production of irrigated rice, associated to aspects as reduction of logistics costs, production costs, closer economic relations, distance reduction and intensification of the negotiation in a direct form. The producers have been beneficed with a sales guarantee of its products on the harvest; a better classification of grains which reflects in financial gain; minimizing of perishing and bad quality caused by transportation; cost reduction with drying process and storage; reliability on technological investment. Another possibility glimpsed is the arrival of agrindustries in the region which has increased the search of the product. We can also infer the gain on social and economic aspects of the city, increase of the annual collection; local trade growth; labor supply in the private sector; considerable incensement of the population and region becoming a reference in the cultivation of irrigated rice.