Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-132). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Rhode Island, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-233).

Outline’s Silence: In Search for a Silent Narrator is a Bachelor research paper that hopes to open a discussion about Rachel Cusk’s Outline (2014) and the possibility that an absent and silent narrator could lead to a new and innovative writing mode. The paper bases its theory on Hayden White’s “The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality” (1980) where White argues that moralization is unavoidable as long as there is a narrator in the text (27). Roland Barthes’s theories for a neutral writing mode and the notion of silence as they can be found in Writing Degree Zero (1953) and The Neutral (2002) respectively, are used here as the basis of argumentation. Outline’s narrator and her desire for passivity and silence are analyzed according to Barthes’s theories while its author’s writing is also examined for its neutrality. White’s work is used to support the paper’s argumentation that it is unlikely a narrator will be absent from a narrativized text. The paper concludes that although there is a desire for neutrality and silence both in the narrator’s character and in the author’s writing mode, this proves infeasible to apply in practice.

Šiame diplominiame darbe yra apžvelgiama nebyliojo kino analizė. Kurią sudaro kino pradžios ir vystymosi aptarimas, remiantis istoriniais literatūros šaltiniais. Neišskiriant konkrečių pavienių filmų yra smulkiau analizuojas nebyliojo kino sudėtiniai elementai, tokie kaip muzika ir rašytinis tekstas filme. Aptariama jų stilistinė ir emocinė vartosena nebyliajame kine. Svarbi darbo dalis siejama su garso atsiradimo kine sukeltomis permainomis. Iškilę to laiko režisierių ir teoretikų, tokių kaip Eizenšteinas ir Pudovkinas, debatai dėl garso naudojimo kine keliamos reikiamybės ir pavojų vėliau realiai pasitvirtina praktikoje. Nebylumas kine analizuojamas ne vien istoriniu, bet ir filosofiniu aspektu. Antroji šio darbo dalis skirta pasikartojančioms nebyliojo kino apraiškoms išskirti. Tylos ir nebylumo vartosenos tyrimui remiuosi Susan Sontag tylos estetikos studijomis šiuolaikiniuose menuose, kurias savo ruoštu pakreipiau nagrinėdama idėjinį nebylumo poreikį kine, kuris kyla iš persisotinimo kalba ir daugžodžiavimo. Kūrybinėje darbo dalyje yra aptarimas klausos sutrikimų turinčių žmonių poreikis save reikšti bylioje raiškoje. Ir atliekamas video darbas šia tema. / This thesis is an overview of silent film analysis. This contains of early cinema beginning and development steps according historical researches. Without a need of separating concrete single movies and analyzing them as canonic examples I put my attention on music and written text stylistic influences. It discusses the emotional and stylistic usage silent cinema. An important part of this work is associated with the emergence of sound cinema – related changes. The evocation of that time, directors and theorists such as Eisenstein and Pudovkin, debate on the use of sound in cinema, and the risk posed by the necessity which actually proves in a later practice. Silence is analyzed not only in cinema history, but also the philosophical aspect. The second part of this work is given for manifestation of silent cinema release. Susan Sontag's survey of silence aesthetic studies of contemporary art, by its turn, examining the ideological tilt gives idea of need of deafness for the cinema, which arise from satiety language and repetition. Creative part of this work is hearing impaired people need to express themselves in resolution which is based on sound media. And according this topic I made a video work.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo pensar o cinema de George Méliès, na virada do século XIX para o século XX, como um prisma através do qual refratam-se espectros da modernidade, ou seja, elementos recorrentes em seus filmes que desdobravam questões caras àquele período, e que se ressignificam de diferentes maneiras à luz da chamada pós-modernidade. / The present research aims to think George Méliès' films, at the turn of the nineteenth century for the twentieth century, as a prism through which refracted specters of modernity, that is, recurring elements in his films, each one unfolding differente meanings about that period, and each one of them ressignfying themselves in different ways in the light of the so-called postmodernity.

O maior receio dos profissionais que atendem pacientes com queixa de disfagia é a dificuldade em diagnosticá-la, durante a avaliação clínica, principalmente quando os mesmos não apresentam sinais clínicos sugestivos de penetração e/ou aspiração laringotraqueal. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a avaliação clínica da deglutição ao resultado da videofluoroscopia e à filmagem da videofluoroscopia, buscando identificar sinais comuns que sugiram e comprovem a aspiração silente. Foi realizado um estudo observacional e prospectivo com 49 pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de Acidente Vascular Cerebral. Uma anamnese foi realizada para coleta de informações. A avaliação clínica, incluiu a avaliação estrutural e funcional. Houve monitoração do paciente através da oximetria de pulso e a observação da ausculta cervical e sinais clínicos. Na videofluoroscopia, o paciente manteve-se monitorado pela oximetria e parâmetros clínicos foram analisados. Durante a videofluoroscopia o paciente foi filmado por uma câmera para posterior análise clínica. Em ambas as avaliações foi oferecido ao paciente a consistência líquida no volume de 100 ml no copo. As avaliações foram realizadas por profissionais distintas, ambas cegas uma na avaliação da outra. Dos pacientes avaliados 46 (94%) indivíduos apresentaram diagnóstico de Acidente Vascular Cerebral isquêmico. Do total, sete apresentaram aspiração, sendo que seis foram silente. A alteração da ausculta cervical na avaliação clínica e a presença de resíduo oral na filmagem se associaram a aspiração silente detectada na videofluoroscopia. Não foi observado relação entre alteração de saturação de oxigênio e aspiração silente. / The greatest fear of the professionals who attend patients with complaints of dysphagia is the difficulty in diagnosing it during the clinical evaluation, especially when they do not present clinical signs suggestive of laryngotracheal penetration and / or aspiration. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the clinical evaluation of swallowing to the videofluoroscopic result and videofluoroscopic filming, in order to identify common signs that suggest and prove the silent aspiration. An observational and prospective study was conducted with 49 adult patients with a diagnosis of stroke. An anamnesis was performed to collect information. Clinical evaluation included structural and functional assessment. There was patient monitoring through pulse oximetry and observation of cervical auscultation and clinical signs. In videofluoroscopic, the patient was monitored by oximetry and clinical parameters were analyzed. During the videofluoroscopic the patient was filmed by a camera for further clinical examination. In both evaluations was offered 100 ml of the liquid in the cup. The evaluations were performed by distinct professionals, both blinded one in the evaluation of the other. Of the patients evaluated, 46 (94%) individuals had a diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Of the total, seven had aspiration, six of which were silent. Alteration of the cervical auscultation in clinical evaluation and presence of oral residue in filming were associated with silent aspiration detected in videofluoroscopic. No relation between alteration of oxygen saturation and silent aspiration was observed.

This dissertation aimed to describe nonverbal behaviours in South African multicultural HIV treatment contexts. It also aimed to identify the most appropriate method for nonverbal behaviour data analysis and transcription. The study used a single-case, parallel design, which incorporated three qualitative methodological tools; ethnography, a modified form of conversational analysis and interviews. Data used was from a preexisting videotaped database, belonging to a larger research project. Data consisted of 4 videotaped interactions between doctors and caregivers of children with HIV/Aids at the Red Cross Children’s Hospital. Through the use of polyphonic transcription, five nonverbal domains - eye gaze, body posture, facial expression, gesture and head posture – were analysed. Patterns and trends of these transcripts were crosschecked with data from the existing set as well as with data and findings from this and other research sites. Findings identified correlations between nonverbal behaviour patterns, interpersonal dynamics and communicative transfer. Specific critical moments of collaboration between caregiver and practitioner as well as nonverbal behaviour roles in communicative and interactional dynamics were also identified. Study findings thus posses the potential to; facilitate effective medical interactions, direct future nonverbal behaviour research and guide the development of medical education and policy.

O maior receio dos profissionais que atendem pacientes com queixa de disfagia é a dificuldade em diagnosticá-la, durante a avaliação clínica, principalmente quando os mesmos não apresentam sinais clínicos sugestivos de penetração e/ou aspiração laringotraqueal. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a avaliação clínica da deglutição ao resultado da videofluoroscopia e à filmagem da videofluoroscopia, buscando identificar sinais comuns que sugiram e comprovem a aspiração silente. Foi realizado um estudo observacional e prospectivo com 49 pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de Acidente Vascular Cerebral. Uma anamnese foi realizada para coleta de informações. A avaliação clínica, incluiu a avaliação estrutural e funcional. Houve monitoração do paciente através da oximetria de pulso e a observação da ausculta cervical e sinais clínicos. Na videofluoroscopia, o paciente manteve-se monitorado pela oximetria e parâmetros clínicos foram analisados. Durante a videofluoroscopia o paciente foi filmado por uma câmera para posterior análise clínica. Em ambas as avaliações foi oferecido ao paciente a consistência líquida no volume de 100 ml no copo. As avaliações foram realizadas por profissionais distintas, ambas cegas uma na avaliação da outra. Dos pacientes avaliados 46 (94%) indivíduos apresentaram diagnóstico de Acidente Vascular Cerebral isquêmico. Do total, sete apresentaram aspiração, sendo que seis foram silente. A alteração da ausculta cervical na avaliação clínica e a presença de resíduo oral na filmagem se associaram a aspiração silente detectada na videofluoroscopia. Não foi observado relação entre alteração de saturação de oxigênio e aspiração silente. / The greatest fear of the professionals who attend patients with complaints of dysphagia is the difficulty in diagnosing it during the clinical evaluation, especially when they do not present clinical signs suggestive of laryngotracheal penetration and / or aspiration. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the clinical evaluation of swallowing to the videofluoroscopic result and videofluoroscopic filming, in order to identify common signs that suggest and prove the silent aspiration. An observational and prospective study was conducted with 49 adult patients with a diagnosis of stroke. An anamnesis was performed to collect information. Clinical evaluation included structural and functional assessment. There was patient monitoring through pulse oximetry and observation of cervical auscultation and clinical signs. In videofluoroscopic, the patient was monitored by oximetry and clinical parameters were analyzed. During the videofluoroscopic the patient was filmed by a camera for further clinical examination. In both evaluations was offered 100 ml of the liquid in the cup. The evaluations were performed by distinct professionals, both blinded one in the evaluation of the other. Of the patients evaluated, 46 (94%) individuals had a diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Of the total, seven had aspiration, six of which were silent. Alteration of the cervical auscultation in clinical evaluation and presence of oral residue in filming were associated with silent aspiration detected in videofluoroscopic. No relation between alteration of oxygen saturation and silent aspiration was observed.

In the early years of the twentieth century, the unique new medium of motion pictures was the focus of significant theorization and experimentation at the fringes of the American advertising industry. Alongside the growth of the nickelodeon, and the multiple shifts in the American cinema's business model in the 'transitional era,' various individuals at the margins of the advertising industry attempted, and most often failed, to integrate direct consumer-goods advertising regularly into motion picture theaters. Via techniques as diverse as the glass slide, the commercial trailer, and the advertising wall-clock, cinema patrons of the 1910s witnessed various attempts by merchants and manufacturers to intrude upon their attention in the cinema space. Through research in the trade presses of the cinema, advertising, and various consumer-goods industries, along with archival ephemera from the advertising companies themselves, this dissertation explores these various on and off-screen tactics for direct advertising attempted in silent cinemas, and their eventual minimization in the American cinema experience. Despite the appeal of the new, popular visual medium of cinema to advertisers, concerns over ticket prices, advertising circulation, audience irritation, and the potential for theatrical 'suicide-by-advertising,' resulted, over a mere fifteen years, in the near abandonment of the cinema as an advertising medium. As a transitional medium between the 19th century forms of print and billboarding, and 20th century broadcasting, the silent cinema was an important element in the development of modern advertising theories.

Jämförande studie av likheter och skillnader mellan amerikanska och europeiska (främst tyska) stumma skräckfilmer, med tyngdpunkt på perioden 1913 – 1932 och med hänsyn till handling / manustyp, huvudperson / monstertyp, scenografi och teknik. Jämförande analys av kulturella, politiska och ekonomiska aspekter och dessas inverkan skräckfilmsproduktionen.