The dissertation investigates the postmodern features of Salman Rushdie’s novels Shame and Midnight’s Children within the theoretical framework of postmodernism. The inward-directed approach to a literary text, which has been chosen as a basis for the research, incorporates the body of texts by the famous theorists of postmodernism Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Ihab Hassan, Jean Baudrillard and others. With the view to the indeterminacy of the approach, the concept of decentering, embracing such terms as the elimination of the transcendental signified, supplement, simulacrum, indeterminacy, the death of the author, has been chosen as a key concept to discuss text-oriented propositions. The analysis of Salman Rushdie’s novel Midnight’s Children explores the undermining of the traditional connotations of synecdoche. The interpretation of the text reveals how the strategy of play is employed to incorporate traditional images into the postmodern narrative of the novel. The connotations attributed to different images are constantly subjected to subversion and undermining in the text. The investigation of the concept indeterminacy with the view to the narrative of Midnight’s Children focuses on the imagery related to the concept of the void and its supplements. The analysis of Salman Rushdie’s novel Shame draws on the concept of the image as a simulacrum/supplement, employing J. Derrida and J. Baudrillard’s theoretical propositions. It uncovers the detachment of... [to full text] / Disertacijos tyrimo objektu pasirinktos postmodernizmo apraiškos Salman Rushdie romanuose Vidurnakčio vaikai ir Gėda. Tyrimo teoriniu pagrindu buvo pasirinktas į tekstą orientuotas požiūris, atstovaujamas šių mokslininkų: Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, Ihab Hassan, Jean Baudrillard ir kt. Atsižvelgiant į pasirinkto požiūrio neapibrėžtumą, pagrindine teorine sąvoka buvo pasirinkta išcentrinimo sąvoka, kuri yra sietina su šiais terminais: transcendentalinio subjekto nesatis, suplementas, simuliakras, neapibrėžtumas, autoriaus mirtis. Salman Rushdie romano Vidurnakčio vaikai interpretacijoje tiriama tradicinių sinekdochos reikšmių transformacija. Analizuojant atskleidžiama, kaip rašytojas naudoja žaidimo strategiją tradicinių įvaizdžių panaudojimui postmoderniame kūrinyje, nuolat transformuodamas ir neigdamas įvaizdžių reikšmes. Romano Vidurnakčio vaikai naratyvas analizuojamas neapibrėžtumo sąvokos pagrindu. Pagrindinis dėmesys šioje interpretacijoje skiriamas įvaizdžiams, siejamiems su tuštumos ir suplemento sąvokomis. Salman Rushdie romano Gėda interpretacijoje dėmesys skiriamas postmodernaus įvaizdžio kaip simuliakro/suplemento sampratos analizei. Teorinis interpretacijos pagrindas- J. Derrida ir J. Baudrillard veikalai. Analizė atskleidžia postmodernaus įvaizdžio ir realybės santykio nesatį bei realybės suplementų pažeidžiamumą. Apibendrinant, Salman Rushdei romanų interpretacija atskleidžia išcentrinimo sąvokos sudėtingumą ir neapibrėžtumą, bei bendrą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Šiame darbe pristatoma viena aktualiausių šių dienų filosofijos temų – tikrovės ir simuliakrų santykis postmodernioje kultūroje, remiantis Jeano Baudrillard‘o filosofija. Šiandieninėje kultūroje tikrovės ir iliuzijos perskyra praranda savo reikšmę, nes dėl simuliakrų įsigalėjimo nebelieka tikrovės objektyvumo kriterijų. Dėl to Baudrillard‘as pasiūlo „hipertikrovės“ terminą, kurio pagalba yra konstruojamas naujas tikrovės modelis, nereikalaujantis objektyvaus realumo pagrindimo. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje yra apžvelgiamos Platono ir Friedricho Nietzsches tikrovės sampratos. Platono tikrovė tai – nekintamas idėjų pasaulis, tikrojo pažinimo objektas, nieko bendra neturintis su empirine tikrove ir jos suvokimu. Platonizmui priešinga pozicija būtų Nietzsches pozicija, kuomet tikrovė aiškiausiai iškyla meno kūrinyje, ir pasaulis suvokiamas per estetinį reiškinį. Pereinant prie Baudrillard‘o „simuliakro“ teorijos nagrinėjimo trumpai pristatoma Gilles‘o Deleuze‘o filosofijoje pasirodanti „simuliakro“ sąvoka, apjungianti Platono ir Nietzsches pozicijas. Antrojoje darbo dalyje analizuojama Baudrillard‘o „simuliakro“ samprata. Baudrillard‘ui simuliacija ir simuliakras nėra nei kopija, nei modelis, nei reprodukcija. Šiame darbe per simuliakro sampratą nusakomas kultūros ir visuomenės santykis su jos objektais, panaikinus prasmingo ženklo kaip originalo galimybę. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje atkreipiamas dėmesys į šiuolaikinį istorijos supratimą ir individo situaciją simuliacijų valdomojoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This study deals with one of the topical problem of contemporary philosophy - the problem of reality in post-modern culture, as it is represented in terms of „simulacrum“, and „hiperreality“, in philosophy of Jean Baudrillard. In contemporary culture, the opposition between reality and illusion has lost its significance, since because of the dominance of simulacra, there are no criteria left of objective reality. This is why the term „hiperreality“, proposed by Baudrillard, becomes important as used for construction of the new model of reality, which does not need objective justification. In the first part of the thesis, Plato and Friedrich Nietzsche‘s conceptions of reality are surveyed. These two philosophers are chosen as representing different ontological conceptions, both relevant to contemporary consideration of reality. While Plato’s reality is the ideal non-empirical word, the object of true knowledge, for Nietzsche reality is truly conceived in the work of art. Also the term „simulacrum“, introduced into post-modern philosophy by Gilles Deleuze, makes its appearance. The second part of the thesis analyses the main notion of „simulacrum“ in philosophy of Jean Baudrillard. In the third part, the status of history and person in the non-referential reality is analysed. History has been always considered an objective science. Today history needs objective justification once again. Finally, in the fourth part of the thesis, an attempt is made to explain the terms of... [to full text]

The dissertation investigates the postmodern features of Salman Rushdie’s novels Shame and Midnight’s Children within the theoretical framework of postmodernism. The inward-directed approach to a literary text, which has been chosen as a basis for the research, incorporates the body of texts by the famous theorists of postmodernism Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Ihab Hassan, Jean Baudrillard and others. With the view to the indeterminacy of the approach, the concept of decentering, embracing such terms as the elimination of the transcendental signified, supplement, simulacrum, indeterminacy, the death of the author, has been chosen as a key concept to discuss text-oriented propositions. The analysis of Salman Rushdie’s novel Midnight’s Children explores the undermining of the traditional connotations of synecdoche. The interpretation of the text reveals how the strategy of play is employed to incorporate traditional images into the postmodern narrative of the novel. The connotations attributed to different images are constantly subjected to subversion and undermining in the text. The investigation of the concept indeterminacy with the view to the narrative of Midnight’s Children focuses on the imagery related to the concept of the void and its supplements. The analysis of Salman Rushdie’s novel Shame draws on the concept of the image as a simulacrum/supplement, employing J. Derrida and J. Baudrillard’s theoretical propositions. It uncovers the detachment of... [to full text] / Disertacijos tyrimo objektu pasirinktos postmodernizmo apraiškos Salman Rushdie romanuose Vidurnakčio vaikai ir Gėda. Tyrimo teoriniu pagrindu buvo pasirinktas į tekstą orientuotas požiūris, atstovaujamas šių mokslininkų: Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, Ihab Hassan, Jean Baudrillard ir kt. Atsižvelgiant į pasirinkto požiūrio neapibrėžtumą, pagrindine teorine sąvoka buvo pasirinkta išcentrinimo sąvoka, kuri yra sietina su šiais terminais: transcendentalinio subjekto nesatis, suplementas, simuliakras, neapibrėžtumas, autoriaus mirtis. Salman Rushdie romano Vidurnakčio vaikai interpretacijoje tiriama tradicinių sinekdochos reikšmių transformacija. Analizuojant atskleidžiama, kaip rašytojas naudoja žaidimo strategiją tradicinių įvaizdžių panaudojimui postmoderniame kūrinyje, nuolat transformuodamas ir neigdamas įvaizdžių reikšmes. Romano Vidurnakčio vaikai naratyvas analizuojamas neapibrėžtumo sąvokos pagrindu. Pagrindinis dėmesys šioje interpretacijoje skiriamas įvaizdžiams, siejamiems su tuštumos ir suplemento sąvokomis. Salman Rushdie romano Gėda interpretacijoje dėmesys skiriamas postmodernaus įvaizdžio kaip simuliakro/suplemento sampratos analizei. Teorinis interpretacijos pagrindas- J. Derrida ir J. Baudrillard veikalai. Analizė atskleidžia postmodernaus įvaizdžio ir realybės santykio nesatį bei realybės suplementų pažeidžiamumą. Apibendrinant, Salman Rushdei romanų interpretacija atskleidžia išcentrinimo sąvokos sudėtingumą ir neapibrėžtumą, bei bendrą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

This project focuses on science fiction literature of Spain and Argentina produced in the last twenty years (1990-2010). It hypothesizes that in this period a change of perspective substantially modified science fiction productions in both countries and converges into a new model of narrative. As a consequence of this reformulated vision, a new narrative perspective immerses readers in an era of simulation, hyperreality, and post-humanism. When advanced technology is able to modify the basic human anatomy, and persons are trapped between virtual and real universes, simulacra facilitate control of people in an effective and impersonal manner. Simultaneously, fictional scenarios show new post-human beings sharing future worlds with humans. In this regard, the new literary production leads the reader to a redefinition of what it means to be human. With a theoretical framework centered on simulacrum, hyperreality and post-humanism, this study places the use of new technologies and the critique of postmodern society at the epicenter of the discussion as proposed by selected novels.

This work looks at the 2009 Iranian show-trials through modern discourses of biopolitics, sovereignty, and history. I argue that, understood as a theatrical phenomenon, the show trials are situated within the Foucauldian mode of biopower. The latter entails a shift from a politics of death to the preservation of the bios. The show-trials also perform a particularly modern narrative of state sovereignty and teleological history. To consider them in this way requires a rethinking of Michel Foucault’s theory so as to include juridico-philosophical discourse within a biopolitical framework. I propose that, as a performative act, the confessions transform the very thing they are confessing. Through the work of Jean Baudrillard and Jacque Derrida, I argue that the confessions make possible a reconceptualization of the political space of sovereignty as simulacrum and that of the political time of history as hauntology. / Graduate

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ivan Carlo Andrade de Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 13415834 bytes, checksum: 1db91c0a15b7fdde7a73c0691fa18109 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis discusses Francisco Iwerten case. Born in Curitiba, Iwerten created Capitão Gralha (Captain Jackdaw), the first Brazilian super-hero, and published it in Curitiba at the beginning of 1940s. This entirely fictitious story was created in a text I wrote to Metal Pesado (Heavy Metal) Curitiba magazine in 1997. Despite the text being fictional, many believed that Iwerten and his creation had really existed, going as far as Iwerten winning an Ângelo Agostini prize as Master of National Comics. In September 2014 the story was revealed at a discussion table of II Curitiba Gibicon comics event. The project concerns the analysis of the case and the creative process of the album Capitão Gralha’s Lost Stories, which will be produced as if it was a rescue of Iwerten’s stories and will have my scripts with multiple draughtsmen’s art. The thesis is based on the concepts of simulacrum and hyperreality, especially from the approaches of Umberto Eco and Baudrillard. The aim is to analyze how the boundaries between reality and fiction were gradually fading and how art, literature and comics reflect this process through works that test those limits. Literary and artistic works that used this approach are analyzed, creating a likelihood that, although fictional, have been taken as real. It will also be detailed historical process of creating myths Francisco Iwerten and Captain Crow and analyzed how it has expanded, especially after the popularization of the Internet. Will be analyzed in detail the process of creating the project deals with the case analysis and the album creation process lost stories of Captain Crow, released on April 1, 2016, in Gibiteca of Curitiba. The album, using the concepts of simulacrum and hyperreality, emulates rescue publications with stories in "original" comic Iwerten and his team, introductory texts unraveling the creative designer process and the context of creation of each story, and a detailed biography of Iwerten, which describes in detail the whole trajectory of this imaginary comic artist, from his Jewish ancestry, the trip to the United States within the good-neighbor policy and the publication of stories. The thesis focuses on the intricacies of creating this detail and verisimilitude strategies adopted for the album became hyper-real. It also analyzes other likelihood strategies such as fan-page of Captain Crow, which deals Iwerten as real as to publish even quotes. / Esta tese trata do caso Francisco Iwerten. O curitibano Iwerten seria o criador do personagem Capitão Gralha, o primeiro super-herói brasileiro, publicado em Curitiba no início dos anos 1940. A história, totalmente fictícia, foi criada em um texto de minha autoria publicado na revista Metal Pesado Curitiba, de 1997. Apesar do texto ser ficcional, muitos acreditaram que tanto Iwerten e o Capitão haviam realmente existido, a ponto de Iwerten ganhar o prêmio Ângelo Agostini como Mestre do Quadrinho Nacional e quase ser homenageado por uma escola de samba. Em setembro de 2014 a história foi revelada em mesa redonda na II Curitiba Gibicon. A tese tem como base os conceitos de simulacro e hiper-realidade, em especial a partir das abordagens de Umberto Eco e Baudrillard. O objetivo é analisar como os limites entre realidade e ficção foram aos poucos se esvanecendo e como a arte, a literatura e os quadrinhos refletem esse processo através de obras que testam esses limites. São analisadas obras literárias e artísticas que usaram essa abordagem, criando uma verossimilhança que, embora ficcionais, foram tidas como reais. Também será detalhado o processo histórico de criação dos mitos Francisco Iwerten e Capitão Gralha e analisada a forma como o mesmo se ampliou, especialmente após a popularização da internet. O projeto trata da análise do caso e do processo de criação do álbum Histórias perdidas do Capitão Gralha, lançado no dia primeiro de abril de 2016 na Gibiteca de Curitiba. O álbum, usando os conceitos de simulacro e hiper-realidade, emula publicações de resgate, com histórias em quadrinhos “originais” de Iwerten e sua equipe, textos introdutórios destrinchando o processo criativo do desenhista e o contexto de criação de cada história, além de uma detalhada biografia de Iwerten, que descreve em minúcias toda a trajetória desse quadrinista imaginário, desde sua ascendência judaica, a viagem aos EUA dentro da política da boa-vizinhança e a publicação das histórias. A tese se debruça sobre os meandros da criação desse detalhamento e as estratégias de verossimilhança adotadas para que o álbum se tornasse hiper-real. Analisa também outras estratégias de verossimilhança, como a fanpage do Capitão Gralha, que trata Iwerten como real, a ponto de publicar citações do mesmo.

Em relação ao vestuário utilizável pelo público vegano (indivíduos que se abstêm, por motivos éticos e/ou ideológicos, na medida do possível, do consumo de produtos e serviços provenientes do reino animal), há diversas alternativas sintéticas aos materiais de origem animal que os substituem em suas funções práticas, estéticas e/ou simbólicas. De arremedos burlescos a imitações fidedignas da realidade, simulacros de peles, penas, pelos, ossos e secreções de animais, à primeira vista, de perto, de longe e/ou aos olhos de leigos, em diferentes graus de realismo, figuram aspectos estéticos e sensoriais que os tornam difíceis de serem distinguidos de genuínos materiais de origem animal. Neste contexto, o presente estudo concerne uma investigação qualitativa exploratória de caráter sobretudo fenomenológico, acerca da reflexão sobre a problemática de possíveis implicações conceituais e práticas mais notáveis, sob o enfoque ético, estético, sociológico, semiótico e prático, da ideia de simulacro, emulação e cópia de materiais de origem animal e/ou que façam referência, alusão ou evoquem aspectos exteriores de corpos de animais em vestuário de veganos. Para tanto, a partir de levantamentos de comentários de usuários veganos em redes sociais da internet, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas em profundidade com usuários, ativistas do movimento vegano e especialistas teóricos, espera-se, com esta contribuição, iluminar os campos do design de moda, do veganismo e, consequentemente, dos direitos dos animais. Alguns dos resultados desta investigação sugerem, por exemplo, que, enquanto, para alguns usuários, o recurso a alternativas consideradas como veganas seria aceitável pelo fato de substituírem atributos funcionais, estéticos e até afetivos de roupas e acessórios diretamente associados, por eles, a sofrimento, para outros usuários, seria objeto de reprovação. Segundo parte dos respondentes, devido ao razoável grau de fidedignidade de vários destes simulacros, o mero uso deste tipo de material artificial resultaria pouco aceitável por ser insuficientemente discernível de materiais derivados de corpos de animais. Nestes casos, esta verossimilhança poderia, segundo eles, indiretamente promover a ideia de que o uso de materiais de origem animal seria admissível, contribuindo, assim, para estimular o consumo de vestuário não condizente com a ideologia que adotam / In the cathegory of clothing which can be worn by the vegan public that is, by those who abstain as much as possible from consuming products and services of animal origin for ethical and ideological reasons there are various synthetic alternatives to materials of animal origin which fulfill the practical, aesthetic and/or symbolic functions. From burlesque copies to reliable imitations, like those of leather, feathers, fur, bones and animal secretionswith different degrees of realism, they haveat first, up close, or from a distance and/or to the eyes of laypeople, aesthetic and sensorial aspects that make it difficult to distinguish from genuine materials of animal origin. This study is a qualitative, exploratory, phenomenological investigation about the problematic of some of the most notable possible conceptual and practical implications, from the practical, aesthetic, philosophical, sociological and ethical viewpoints, of the idea of imitation, emulation and copying of materials of animal origin or materials which make a reference or allusion to, or which evoke exterior aspects of, animals bodies in vegans\' clothing.To this end, based on searches for vegan users comments in online social media, questionnaires and in-depth interviews with users, vegan movement activists and theoretical specialists (like ethics philosophers and designers specializing in ethical fashion), the aim of this study, based on conclusions obtained through analysis of these different points of view, is to illuminate the fields of fashion design, veganism and consequently, animal rights. Results of this investigation suggest, for instance, that for some users, making use of alternatives considered vegan would be an acceptable practice because they would replace functional, aesthetic and even affective attributes of clothing and accessories that such users otherwise associate with pain, while for other users this option would be objectionable. According to some respondents, due to the reasonably high level of visual similarity of various types of such simulacra, merely employing these animal byproducts would be considered less acceptable, given their insufficiently discernible distinction from animal-body materials. In such instances, they felt this verisimilitude could indirectly foster the idea that the use of such animal-origin material would be acceptable, therefore contributing to promoting the consumption of clothing of a type which is against the principles they adopt

American artist James Rosenquist is best known for his Pop Art paintings, which existing scholarship has studied in regard to its formal features and social and cultural significance. Rosenquist's manner of working, specifically his process, remains understudied. Focusing on three paintings and three corresponding collages, President Elect (1960-61, 1964), Star Thief (1980), and The Stowaway Peers Out at the Speed of Light (2000), this thesis considers features of Rosenquist's studio practice to propose a new interpretation involving the representational status and significance of the artist's collages and paintings that is elucidated by French theorist Jean Baudrillard's concept of the simulacrum. Additionally, the thesis addresses the treatment of Rosenquist's collages and paintings in publications and exhibitions since 1992 by suggesting how Baudrillard's ideas about the simulacrum clarify the museological narrativizing and consumption of the artist's work.

This work starts with a reading of contemporary ideas based largely on the Society of the Spectacle, of Guy Debord, and the world governed by the simulacra, of Jean Baudrillard, and its implications for a fundamental constituent of the psyche: the narcissism. For this, we begin with a definition of the concept of narcissism in the text of Sigmund Freud, with the importance of this stage is in the formation of Ego and the establishment of the place of otherness and relations with the world. Then, we explain the main ideas about the spectacle in Debord's text, and simulacra, in some texts of Baudrillard, characterizing them and discussing such ideas with the contemporary. Finally, we try to establish points of contact or seek to understand the possible influence that the shows and exercises are in the way it is currently constituted narcissism. To cope with this task, use some authors who have thought nowadays, the main one being André Green, and his idea of negative narcissism. Thus, this narcissism that we find in the shadow of the spectacle and the simulacrum has complications relating to: an Ego ideal weakened in favor of an ideal Ego highly linked to consumerism; a spectacular view of the imperative that Ego should be better than the [of] others; and an experience of the body as another object to be exchanged. Such changes in narcissism showed a decrease of its influence by Eros and the life‟s instincts to an increasing predominance of Thanatos and death‟s instincts. / Esta dissertação parte de uma leitura da contemporaneidade baseada principalmente nas ideias de sociedade do espetáculo, de Guy Debord, e do mundo regido pelos simulacros, de Jean Baudrillard, e de suas implicações num constituinte fundamental do psiquismo: o narcisismo. Para isto, partimos de uma delimitação da noção de narcisismo no texto de Sigmund Freud, da importância que este estádio tem na constituição do Eu e no estabelecimento do lugar da alteridade e relações com o mundo. Depois, explanamos as principais ideias sobre o espetáculo no texto de Debord, e de simulacro, em alguns textos de Baudrillard, caracterizando-as e problematizando tais noções com a contemporaneidade. Por fim, tentamos estabelecer pontos de contatos ou procurar entender possíveis influências que os espetáculos e simulacros têm no modo como se é constituído o narcisismo atualmente. Para dar conta desta tarefa, utilizaremos alguns autores que vêm pensando a contemporaneidade, sendo o principal André Green, e sua ideia de narcisismo negativo. Assim, este narcisismo que encontramos sob a sombra do espetáculo e do simulacro apresenta complicações em relação à: um ideal do Eu enfraquecido em favorecimento de um Eu ideal extremamente vinculado ao consumismo; um imperativo da exibição espetacular do Eu que deve ser melhor que os [dos] outros; e uma vivência do corpo como mais um objeto a ser trocado. Tais mudanças no narcisismo revelam a diminuição de sua influência por Eros e pelas pulsões de vida para um predomínio cada vez maior de Tanatos e das pulsões de morte.

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