This work has been carried out by two students at Södertörn University who are studying business administration with a focus on design and marketing. Marketing is largely about communication, where this essay will deal with the communication of advertising to its consumers. The problem is the paradoxical marketing that women have become recipients of in the skin care industry, where the message and communication with unattainable ideals contributes to unhealthy standards among women. This in combination with the fact that messages are constantly being spread that women should be happy with themselves and their appearance. In this essay, the influence of female millennials on skin care advertisements has been investigated, and the authors have highlighted how female millennials believe that the skin care industry can change its marketing strategy and communication. This impact has been investigated on the basis of the theories Social Identity Theory, Social Comparison Theory and a semiotic analytical part. The respondents were strategically selected through a goal-directed selection, because the respondents needed to be female millennials between the ages of 24-34 who have experience of skin care and skin conditions.Through semi-structured interviews based on an interview guide for each theory, the results indicated that the respondents had strong opinions about the skin care industry's marketing, where it turned out that many feel excluded due to their skin condition. This showed that the female respondents wanted greater transparency in the skin care industry's marketing where different proposals were made for greater diversity and inclusion. The result shown in the study was that unattainable ideals displayed in the skin care industry's advertising are not accepted by female millennials. The women wanted to see a change in marketing communication, where they wanted the ideals that are spread to include all types of skin conditions, gender, ethnicity, ages and looks. In addition, there were proposals to create skin care advertisements that focused on the medical condition instead of the cosmetic approach to the skin.

Skin is the major protective barrier in a human body. In premature infants, the immature skin barrier reduces the protection against germs. Emollient therapy is an effective prophylactic measure to improve premature infants’ skin condition so as to protect the premature infants against infection. A systematic review of studies shows that emollient therapy is a simple, safe and cost effective intervention for premature infants to improve skin condition. Evidence shows that emollient therapy can also decrease transdermal water loss, conserve heat and energy, stabilize fluid and electrolytes and prevent nosocomial sepsis. The potential of implementing the proposed evidence-based guideline is explored. It will be carried out in a clinical setting. The transferability of the findings, feasibility and cost-benefit ratio of the emollient therapy will be discussed. In order to ensure the evidence-based guideline will be carried out smoothly, a communication plan is necessary to be made in consultation with the stakeholders. A pilot study will also be conducted before the innovation is implemented to ensure frontline staff members to be familiar with the emollient therapy. At the end, the effectiveness of the emollient therapy will be evaluated in terms of skin score. Patients’ outcome and healthcare provider’s outcome will also be evaluated. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

According to the Yearbook of Chemical Industry Statistics of Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the total sales of domestic cosmetics market in 2008 was approximately 1,507. 1 billion yen, slightly less than that of 2007. In Japan's mature cosmetics market, however, the sales of anti-aging skin care products has been growing every year. The reasons are the arrival of an aging society and females' increasing emphasis on their appearances. There are over 1,200 cosmetics manufacturers in Japan. The distribution of these companies according to their sizes appears to be M-shaped. The top five¡XSHISEIDO, KAO, Kanebo, Kose, and P&G Japan, have been in heated competition for years, but it does not stop new entrants from joining the battlefield. In the face of fierce competition among the cash-rich giants and the threats of aggressive new entrants, the smaller-scaled companies that lie in between are facing daunting challenges. This study intends to show how such medium-sized companies might come up with a competitive strategy to ensure their survival and profitability. Saishunkan Co. Ltd. is one of those medium-sized cosmetics manufacturers. Saishunkan has modest capital amount of 100 million yen, yet it is able achieve annual sales of over 20 billion yen. The company has unique ways of marketing and sales, clearly targeted customers, products with special ingredients, and a sound market segmentation strategy. This thesis intends to examine, through the case study of Saishunkan, how a smaller-scaled company might compete and survive in a theater filled with cash-rich big companies who enjoy the economy of scale.

It grows rapidly the global men ¡¦s skin care market in developed country. There are 1 billion market size which represent s 40% to 60 % growth in the men¡¦s skin care market in Taiwan since year of 2005 . It also motivates the Word-of -Mouth market ing when the commercial advertisement has been skipped by end consumers times and times again . There are all kinds of updated word-of-mouth marketing develop ed such as: @WOM, Viral marketing, Blog marketing. It is a case to leverage the word -of-mouth marketing in brand building for a pure Men¡¦s skin care brand . This study is to explore the key successful factors for appling the Word-Of-Mouth marketing within a new market, especialy for an independent men¡¦s skin care brand. There are interview s for brand-owner and on-line ¡Vretailer, and questionary for consumers in this project. The first finding is that men ¡¦s skin care concept is more acceptable than before . It becomes more popular to purchase the products by men¡¦s their own. Further more, men start to try the suncare and anti -oil products in the ir daily regimen. However, female is still playing the key roll in decision making for her boy friend or families. We also found, the female rarely know n the difference between men¡¦s and women¡¦s skin care regimen. Even she might be an expertise in her own skin care needs. As a result, we should provide the free sample with ¡§You must know information¡¨ to the key person, SHE, then influent her boy friend and families. It is how we differentiate the independent men¡¦s skin care brand. The second finding is most of the heavy internet users are the followers; they are not interested in the men¡¦s skin care information. Therefore, it is hardly to trigger off the tipping point if we target the male as early adaptor via @WOM. In another words, we can not exect a big boom if the @WOM didn¡¦t reach women. In summary, the word-of-mouth marketing for men¡¦s skin care brand, first thing is to create the truly words via the early users, the men who already experienced the oil-control product and/or suncare products. The secondary is to broadcast the words from early users thru @WOM, PR exposures, free samples to reach women as sneezers. The last, to roll out a new topic ensure the on going spreading for brands every 12 weeks.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

El presente proyecto de un producto de mascarilla para el cuidado del cutis para mujeres de 18 a 24 años muestra la viabilidad de su ejecución, en base a la investigación realizada en Surco, La Molina y San Isidro a los NSE “A”, y “B”, que permitió detectar que las mujeres buscan productos de belleza con insumos naturales porque les brinda confianza y rechazan los productos que contienen químicos y se pudo validar con un experto dermatólogo que las mujeres preguntan con mayor constancia sobre que tratamientos pueden llevar para el cuidado de su piel. Así mismo, se identificó que muchas mujeres valoran altamente la información que se les brinda sobre el cuidado de su piel y con qué frecuencia deben usar este tipo de productos para que su piel se sienta más suave. Por último, se encontró que varias mujeres suelen preparar mascarillas caseras para cuidar su cutis porque tienen mayor confianza al hacerlos ellas mismas y que suelen ayudarse a través de tutoriales, ya que muchos de los productos que ofrecen en el mercado contienen químicos. Para poner en marcha este proyecto se hizo un análisis de la industria: consumidor, proveedores, competidores y otros factores externos. Además, se desarrollaron los siguientes planes: Plan Estratégico, Plan de Operaciones, Plan de Marketing, Plan de Recursos Humanos y Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y el Plan Financiero. Los cuales contienen las estrategias necesarias para la viabilidad de este proyecto. Como resultado, luego de una inversión inicial de 8,720 soles en el primero año de operaciones se tendrá una utilidad neta de 1,369 soles, 75,376 soles para el segundo año y 412,941 soles para el tercero año. / The present project of a mask product for skin care for women between 18 and 24 years old shows the feasibility of its execution, based on the research carried out in Surco, La Molina and San Isidro to the NSE “A”, and “ B ”, which made it possible to detect that women seek beauty products with natural inputs because it gives them confidence and reject products that contain chemicals and it was validated with an expert dermatologist that women ask more constantly about what treatments they can take to care of your skin. Likewise, it was identified that many women highly value the information provided to them about their skin care and how often they should use these types of products so that their skin feels smoother. Finally, it was found that several women tend to prepare homemade masks to take care of their skin because they have greater confidence in making them themselves and that they usually help themselves through tutorials, since many of the products they offer on the market contain chemicals. To start this project, an analysis of the industry was made: consumer, suppliers, competitors and other external factors. In addition, the following plans were developed: Strategic Plan, Operations Plan, Marketing Plan, Human Resources Plan and Corporate Social Responsibility, and the Financial Plan. Which contain the necessary strategies for the viability of this project. As a result, after an initial investment of 8,720 soles in the first year of operations, there will be a net profit of 1,369 soles, 75,376 soles for the second year and 412,941 soles for the third year. / Trabajo de investigación

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a treatment package to teach a child with autism to willingly accept skin care products conducive to health and normal everyday living. The current study uses graduated exposure, modeling and contingent social attention to teach the child to accept the application of skin care products previously avoided. Results of the study showed that the participant tolerated criterion amounts of all target stimuli with both experimenter and parent. Follow-up probes revealed maintenance of the behaviors with only two out of the three target skin care products.

I samband med att konsumtionen ökar blir svenskarna mer intresserade av miljöfrågor och många konsumenter övergår till produkter med mindre klimatpåverkan. Konsumenterna anseräven samtidigt att symbolisk konsumtion är viktigt och därmed ökar även intresset förmiljömärkt hudvård. Men för att hudvård ska få en miljömärkt certifiering ställs det höga krav på produkten och dess innehåll. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka konsumenters attityd till miljömärkt hudvård jämfört med konventionell hudvård. För att uppfylla syftet haren kvantitativ undersökning gjorts genom en enkätundersökning gjorts baserat på 105 respondenter. Data sedan analyserats genom multiattribut modellen för att jämföra attityder till de givna attributen hos konventionell och miljömärkt hudvård. Resultatet visade att konsumenter är mer positiva till miljömärkt hudvård jämfört med konventionell hudvård. Skillnaden var störst mellan attributet skyldighet/skuld, vilket innebär att konsumenter är positiva till att ta ett miljömässigt ansvar genom att välja miljömärkt hudvård. Studien ämnar till ett teoretiskt bidrag genom att bidra med ökan förståelse inom ämnet ekologiskkonsumtion, samt ett praktiskt bidrag till de företag som säljer och marknadsför miljömärkta hudvårdsprodukter. Genom att bidra med förståelse för hur attityden ser ut till givna attributhos miljömärkt jämfört med konventionell hudvård kan företag förstå och anpassakommunikationen till konsumenterna. / As consumption increases, Swedes become more interested in environmental issues and many consumers move to products with less climate impact. Consumers also believe that symbolic consumption is important and thus also increases interest in eco-labelled skin care. But for skin care to get an eco-labelled certification, there are high demands on the product and its contents. The purpose of the study is therefore to investigate consumers' attitude towards ecolabelled skin care compared to conventional skin care. To fulfill the purpose, a quantitative survey has been conducted through a survey based on 105 respondents. The data was then analyzed through the multi attribute model to compare attitudes to the given attributes of conventional and eco-labelled skin care. The results showed that consumers are more positive to eco-labelled skin care compared to conventional skin care. The differences were as largest for the attribute obligation/guilt, which means that consumers are positive in taking an environmental responsibility by choosing eco-labelled skin care. The study aims to make a theoretical contribution by contributing to understanding the subject of organic consumption, as well as a practical contribution to companies that sell and market eco-labelled skin care products. By providing an understanding of what the attitude looks like to given attributes of eco-labelled compared to conventional skin care, companies can understand and adapt communication to consumers.

Avanços na medicina e o desenvolvimento tecnológico têm contribuído para o aumento na sobrevida dos prematuros, no entanto, em virtude da sofisticação dos recursos, um maior número de procedimentos invasivos se faz necessário, incluindo a dor como um custo à sobrevida desses pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a efetividade do contato pele a pele na diminuição das respostas comportamentais e fisiológicas de dor no prematuro, durante a punção de calcâneo para coleta do Teste do Pezinho. Trata-se de um estudo analítico-experimental randomizado, realizado na unidade de cuidado intermediário neonatal de um hospital universitário de Ribeirão Preto - SP. A amostra constituiu-se de 59 prematuros submetidos à coleta do Teste do Pezinho, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: experimental (n=31), submetido ao contato materno pele a pele por 15 minutos antes e durante todo o procedimento, e controle (n=28) cujos bebês eram mantidos no berço ou incubadora durante todo o procedimento. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição, e o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido foi firmado com as mães ou responsáveis pelos prematuros. As variáveis comportamentais (mímica facial, estado de sono e vigília e choro) foram registradas continuamente pela filmagem por uma câmera durante a coleta de dados. A variável fisiológica (freqüência cardíaca) foi mensurada por um monitor cardíaco. A coleta foi dividida em sete períodos: basal, tratamento, antissepsia, punção, ordenha, compressão e recuperação. Como não se comprovou a normalidade das variáveis quantitativas, fez-se a comparação entre os dois grupos utilizando-se o teste não-paramétrico para duas amostras independentes, Mann-Whitney. Para as variáveis qualitativas, utilizou-se o Qui-Quadrado ou Teste Exato de Fisher. Na comparação dos resultados dos escores do Neonatal Facing Coding System (NFCS), do estado de sono e vigília e da média da freqüência cardíaca intra-sujeitos e entregrupos, utilizou-se a ANOVA com medidas repetidas. Nas comparações do NFCS entre os grupos, utilizou-se a ANCOVA e estratificação direta. Os valores médios do NFCS foram inferiores no grupo experimental em todos os períodos com diferença estatisticamente significativa nos períodos de punção e ordenha em comparação ao grupo controle, mesmo ao se controlar a idade corrigida, idade pós-natal, experiência prévia de dor e o sexo. O choro foi o estado de sono e vigília mais incidente na punção e ordenha em ambos os grupos, sendo que, na ordenha, os bebês do grupo controle permaneceram chorando em maior proporção do que no experimental (85,7 vs 58,1%). Na recuperação, 71,0% do grupo experimental estavam em sono profundo em comparação com 21,4% no controle. O tempo médio de choro diferiu significativamente entre os grupos, sendo maior no controle. Houve elevação da freqüência cardíaca como resposta ao procedimento, mas a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa entregrupos, todavia no grupo experimental houve retorno próximo ao valor médio basal na recuperação; no controle manteve-se acima de 160 bpm da antissepsia à recuperação. Comprovou-se a efetividade do contato pele a pele no alívio da dor em prematuros, constituindo-se em medida simples e natural, sem custos adicionais, podendo ser aplicada em diversas situações de dor aguda. / Advances in medicine and technological development have contributed to increase in preterm infants? survival. However, due to resource sophistication, more invasive procedures are needed, including pain as a price to pay for these patients? survival. This research aimed to test the efficacy of skin-to-skin contact to decrease preterm infants? behavioral and physiological pain response during heel lancing to collect the PKU test. This analytic randomized trial was carried out at the intermediary neonatal care unit of a university hospital in Ribeirão Preto - SP. The sample consisted of 59 preterm infants who were submitted to PKU test collection, randomly divided in two groups: experimental (n=31), submitted to skin-to-skin contact with the mother for 15 minutes before and during the entire procedure, and control (n=28), whose babies were held in the cot or incubator during the entire procedure. The project was approved by the institutional Research Ethics Committee, and the mothers or responsibles for the infants signed the Free and Informed Consent Term. The behavioral variables (facial mimics, sleep-wake state and cry response) were continuously recorded by a camera during data collection. The physiological variable (heart frequency) was measured by a heart monitor. Data collection was divided in seven periods: baseline, treatment, antisepsis, heel lancing, heel squeezing, compression and recovery. As the normality of the quantitative variables was not proved, the two groups were compared, using Mann-Whitney?s nonparametric test for two independent samples. For the qualitative variables, Chi-Square or Fisher?s Exact Test was applied. Variance analysis with repeated means was used to compare NFCS scores, sleep-wake state and mean heart frequencies within and between subjects. Covariance analysis and direct stratification were used to compare NFCS scores between the groups. Mean NFCS scores were lower in the experimental group across all periods, with statistically significant differences during heel lancing and squeezing in comparison with the control group, even when controlling for corrected age, postnatal age, previous pain experience and gender. Crying was the most incident sleep-wake state during lancing and squeezing in both group. During squeezing, babies in the control group continued crying longer than in the experimental group (85.7 vs. 58.1%). During recovery, 71.0% of the experimental group was in deep sleep, against 21.4% of controls. Mean crying time differed between the groups, with statistical significance, and was longer in the control group. Heart frequencies increased in response to the procedure, but intergroup differences were not statistically significant. However, during recovery, babies in the experimental groups returned close to mean baseline levels, while heart rates in the control group continued above 160 bpm from antisepsis until recovery. Results prove the efficacy of skin-to-skin contact proved to be effective for pain relief in preterm infants, constituting a simple and natural measure, without additional costs and easily applicable in different acute pain situations.

Camu Cream es una crema hidratante hecha de una fruta natural del Amazonas. Este producto, que se utiliza como crema facial, se distingue por tener una serie de cualidades. Esta crema también ayuda a las personas a cuidar su piel ya que, provee vitamina C a la rutina facial diaria. En otras palabras. esta crema busca complacer todas las expectativas del consumidor al ofrecer una amplia variedad de beneficios. El público objetivo evaluado para la implementación del producto son aquellas mujeres que se preocupan por su cuidado de la piel y que pertenecen a los niveles socioeconómicos A, B y C, ya que el precio se comercializa. Esta es la estrategia de marketing correcta para tener una mejor llegada a otros lugares. La fuente inicial de financiamiento se basará en un modelo de capital propio de los accionistas de la compañía, inicialmente es muy poco probable que obtenga financiamiento externo, por lo que se decide optar por el modelo mencionado. Además de aplicar todas las herramientas aprendidas a lo largo de la carrera universitaria para poder evaluar la rentabilidad y la viabilidad del proyecto. / Camu Cream is a moisturizer made from a natural fruit from the Amazon. This product, which is used as a facial cream, is distinguished by having a series of qualities. It can also help people to take care of their skin by providing vitamin C to their daily facial routine. In other words, this cream seeks to meet all consumer expectations by ofering a wide variety of benefits. The target audience evaluated for product implementation are those women who care about their skin care and who belong to socioeconomic levels A, B and C, since the price is marketed. This is the correct marketing strategy to have a better arrival to other places. The initial source of financing will be based on a model of own capital by the shareholders of the company, initially it is very unlikely to obtain external financing, so that it is decided to opt for the aforementioned model. In addition to apply all the tools learned throughout the university career to be able to evaluate the profitability and viability of the project. / Trabajo de investigación