L’intérêt scientifique porté depuis plusieurs décennies au développement des plateformes carbonatées tropicales s’explique par la complexité des facteurs de contrôle de la sédimentation, qui montre une influence de la tectonique, du climat, de l’eustatisme, de l’hydrodynamisme etc… Les plateformes carbonatées ne sont pas seulement des environnements enclins à accumuler des sédiments, mais sont aussi de prolifiques « usines » à carbonates qui produisent davantage que ce qu’elles peuvent stocker. Les sédiments en excès sont transférés vers le bassin profond. Ainsi, les transitions plateforme – bassin illustrent les interactions entre production carbonatée in-situ, transfert, et accumulation sédimentaire issue de la re-sédimentation. Dans le sud-ouest de l’Albanie, la série carbonatée du Crétacé Supérieur est composée de dépôts sédimentaire de plateforme et de bassin. Ces successions sont à présent intégrées dans le système chevauchant de la chaîne Dinarides - Hellénides, dont la mise en place est contemporaine d’une phase de déformation orogénique Plio-Holocène. La paléogéographie de la région péri-Adriatique au Crétacé Supérieur révèle une juxtaposition de méga-plateformes et de bassins adjacents dont le remplissage est en partie conditionné par la remobilisation gravitaire des sédiments de la bordure de plateforme. Les investigations sont menées sur cinq zones d’étude. Elles intègrent des descriptions faciologiques macro- et microscopiques pour chacune des huit successions étudiées. Les unités définies font l’objet d’une cartographie à l’échelle de la zone d’étude qui précise l’architecture stratigraphique du système. La datation des dépôts repose sur une étude biostratigraphique, elle est renforcée par les données chronostratigraphiques des isotopes du strontium. Sur la plateforme, les descriptions faciologiques sont appuyées par des méthodes complémentaires de pétrographie (cathodoluminescence, épifluorescence, microscopie électronique à balayage), de pétrophysique (porosimétrie à injection mercure) et de géochimie (isotopes stables du carbone et de l’oxygène) visant à révéler la dynamique de sédimentation et les propriétés réservoir de la succession.Les conditions de sédimentation sont précisées, i) sur la plateforme, dix faciès spécifiques sont identifiés, représentatifs de contidions de dépôt supra-, inter-, et subtidales. Ils s’intègrent dans des motifs d’empilement distinctifs (small-scale sequences) qui attestent le caractère cyclique de la sédimentation, contrôlé par des fluctuations haute-fréquence et basse amplitude du niveau marin relatif; ii) dans le bassin, quatorze faciès sont classés suivant le mécanisme de transport sédimentaire dominant. La répartition spatiale des dépôts permet d’identifier la provenance et les sources préférentielles du matériel calci-clastique. L’évolution tectono-sédimentaire plateforme – bassin au Crétacé Supérieur est déterminée par deux séquences: i) du Cénomanien au Turonien, la sédimentation de plateforme est caractérisée par l’aggradation plus de 700 mètres de faciès intertidaux organisés en séquences (small-scale sequences) émersives ou sub-émersives. Aucun transfert significatif n’est attesté dans le bassin adjacent, témoignant d’une relative stabilité du système évoluant dans un contexte subsident ; ii) l’intervalle Coniacien – Santonien marque l’installation d’une plateforme à rudistes favorable au transfert sédimentaire. Ce dernier se traduit par une progradation marquée des dépôts gravitaires dans le bassin pendant le Campanien. Cette dynamique de transfert est accentuée par la mise en place de slumps résultants du démantèlement tectonique de la bordure de plateforme au Campanien Supérieur et Maastrichtien. / The evolution of tropical carbonate platforms depends on complex interacting factors influencing the sedimentation, such as tectonism, climate, eustacy, hydrodynamism etc… Due to this complexity, it has been of scientific interest for decades. Carbonate platforms are not only prone to accumulate sediments, but also represent prolific carbonates “factories” producing more than they can store on their tops. Excess sediments are shed basinward. Platform-to-basin transitions exemplify interactions between in-situ carbonate production, transfer and sedimentary accumulations resulting from re-sedimentation. In south-west Albania, the Upper Cretaceous carbonate series are made up of platform and basinal deposits. Sedimentary successions are presently integrated in the Dinarides-Hellenides fold-and thrust belt that originate from a Plio-Holocene phase of the Alpine Orogeny. The paleogeographic setting during the Late Cretaceous reveals a juxtaposition of mega-platforms and adjacent basins, partly filled with sediments derived from the shelf edge. Our scientific investigations focused on five study areas. Macro- and microfacies descriptions are provided for eight platform and basin successions. Sedimentary units are defined and mapped on each study area, supporting the stratigraphic reconstruction of the system. Dating is based on biostratigraphy and supported by strontium-isotope data. Regarding platform deposits, facies descriptions are seconded by complementary methods of petrography (cathodoluminescence, epifluorescence, scanning electron microscopy), petrophysics (mercury intrusion porosimetry), and geochemistry (stable carbon and oxygen isotopes), aiming to precise the sedimentation dynamics and reservoir properties of the succession. The sedimentation conditions are specified: i) within the platform, ten specific facies are identified, precising the depositional setting that comprise supra-, inter- and subtidal environments. These facies are integrated in distinctive stacking patterns (small-scale-sequences) pointing to a cyclic sedimentary dynamic controlled by high-frequency and low-amplitude sea level changes; ii) the basinal deposits comprise fourteen facies classified according to the dominant grain-support mechanism. Spatial distribution of the deposits allowed identifying the provenance and preferential sources of calciclatic sediments. The tectono-sedimentary evolution of the platform-to-basin system during the Late Cretaceous can be subdivided into two sequences: i) from the Cenomanian to the Turonian, the platform sedimentation is characterized by a substantial aggradation (700 meters) of intertidal small-scale sequences. No significant transfer was evidenced in the adjacent Ionian Basin, pointing to stable conditions in a subsiding context; ii) the Coniacian-Santonian interval evidences the establishment of a rudist platform massively shedding sediments basinward during the Campanian. A clear progradation of gravity-flow deposits is attested during this period. During the Upper Campanian and Maastrichtian, this transfer is accentuated by the setting of tectonically-triggered slumps resulting from the dismantling of the platform edge.

Why is there a phenomenon of chance in the created world? There are many different probability distributions and does that point at different ideas of chance? Given that God has created the whole universe, why is chance an element of that universe of ours? Does He use chance as a mechanism for His providence? There is a common apprehension of the laws of nature, that they are statistically attained in an asymptotic behaviour over a long period of time. The laws of probability are likewise evolved in the same fashion, as shown in the paper. The universe seems to be lawfully constructed according to both natural laws and probability laws. It is a clear conclusion to regard chance as an intrinsic concept of the world. But, why are there so many ideas of chance despite this common feature of the world? Next section in the paper addresses the many conceptions of chance and works out an idea of how to look at these conditions. The paper results in a presentation of a hierarchy, where different events with their probability distributions might be gathered to some more common properties of chance. The question rises if God is working on that higher level of hierarchy.  This paper has come to a conclusion that, because there are that many ideas of chance and that many probability distributions, we might lack the idea of chance.

om du eier an Arne Jacobsen-stol, og det å spikre en pinne til ryggen på den, gjør den mer anvendleig for deg og ditt hverdagsliv, vil dette heve eller senke verdien på stolen? For meg er svaret helt klart ja. Jeg synes man i større grad skal forme sine egne objekter og de objektene vi omgir oss med i hverdagen. Hvorfor skal en designer som du aldri engang har møtt, være bedre skikket enn deg selv til å bestemme hvordan du skal ha det rundt deg?

Slumpmässighet är ett välutforskat akademiskt ämne genom sannolikhetslära, statistik och till vis del även datavetenskap. Slumpen används också mycket inom spel och spelande för att introducera element av osäkerhet. Trots detta är den intuitiva förståelsen av slump hos människor missvisande och leder till felaktiga slutsatser som gambler’s och hot-hand fallasierna. Vilka fallasier en individ uppvisar beror mycket på de omständigheter som osäkerheten presenteras i. Dock är mycket av forskningen på området fokuserad kring ren informationspresentation, inte den mer komplexa kontextualisering som existerar i spel där mycket av informationen är sammanhängde.Detta arbete undersökte hur slump tolkas av spelvana individer i en enklare spelkontext där testdeltagare dels gjorde ett urval mellan slumpmässiga element som påverkade dem direkt, och dels fick det göra en bedömning av fiendes svårighet. Resultatet visade på en blandning av gambler’s och hot-hand fallasierna. Dock behövs mer data för att kunna dra några generaliserande slutsatser. Utöver att samla in mer information inom arbetets ämnesområde visade även undersökningen på andra forskningsområden som är av intresse: att undersöka slumps representations inverkan på tolkning, att undersöka hur fördröjning mellan exponering och urval gör skillnad på uppfattningen av slump, samt att undersöka möjligheter att kvantifiera kontexter.

Thawing permafrost – in the form of shoreline retrogressive thaw slump events – influence adjacent arctic tundra lake systems near Inuvik, NT. Slump-affected lakes demonstrated lower organic matter and key nutrients such as phosphorus (P), as well as greater water clarity. Key terrestrial permafrost soil indicators such as U, Sr, and Li, were identified to be elevated in slump-affected lakes, while other more biologically important metals (e.g. Fe, Mn) were significantly lower in affected lakes. These physical-chemical changes led to increasing P-limitation for both phytoplankton and periphyton, resulting in lower phytoplankton biomass (Chl-a). Using P as covariate in ANCOVA analysis, slump-affected lakes were also lower in phytoplankton biomass (Chl-a) relative to other study landscapes across the Canadian low-Arctic. Slump-affected lakes also exhibited lower organic matter leading to lower overall Hg concentrations within slump-affected lakes. However, this same reduction in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has also led to an increase in bioavailable Hg, and increased bioaccumulation of Hg in both periphyton as well as macroinvertebrate species in our most disturbed lakes with DOC concentrations less than 6 and 9 mg DOC/L, respectively. A negative correlation between Hg bioaccumulation and DOC above these concentrations was also observed, and is the typical condition within reference lakes. The legacy impacts of mining were also observed in lakes within 25 km of the Giant Mine roaster stack in the Yellowknife region. Increases in both arsenic (As) and methyl mercury were measured in lakes nearer to the mine, with As concentrations well above water quality guidelines in lakes within 17 km of the roaster stack. This research highlights the necessity of baseline environmental monitoring prior to resource development, as well as the potential for compounded influences of such development within sensitive permafrost regions exposed to thawing.

Permafrost thaw slumping along lakeshores in lakes of the Mackenzie Delta Uplands, NT is known to alter water chemistry significantly. Its impact on benthic communities and persistent organic pollutant (POP) behaviour in lakes is not known. Benthic invertebrate communities responded to slumps through changes to community composition and size spectra. Larger taxa tended to dominate in lakes with slumps. Variability in biomass size spectra was related to total dissolved nitrogen concentration and slump size. Concentrations of POPs in Gammarus were negatively correlated with total phosphorus and positively correlated with the percentage of the catchment slumped. Lakes with slumps generally had higher mean concentrations of POPs in Gammarus (ex. ΣPCBsDisturbed = 27.54 ng/g lipid, ΣPCBsUndisturbed = 16.97 ng/g lipid; ΣDDT Disturbed =18.47 ng/g lipid and ΣDDTUndisturbed =10.86 ng/g lipid). Benthic invertebrate biomass was also negatively correlated with concentrations of contaminants in Gammarus, supporting the biomass dilution hypothesis. Thaw slumps have large enough impacts on the physico-chemical characteristics of lakes that they alter benthic invertebrate community composition and size-structure, and contaminant concentrations in Gammarus.

This work is a research on the topic of reactive nanoparticles and their agitation into the solder paste, which it also describes. It describes in detail the properties of each solder alloys. It explains the creation of intermetallic layers in the soldering process and examines their structure. It also focuses on the evaluation and methodology of testing the properties of solder pastes. In the practical part, individual tests are performed with PF606 and PF610 solder paste.

The purpose of this study is to understand how students in year 4, 5 and 6 describe their learning of new words. This study uses a qualitative method based on interviews with students, who have linguistic vulnerabilities, describing their thoughts about learning new words. The results have been analyzed from the students’ perspective and through four themes. The themes are students’ learning of new words, words depth and breadth, the teaching of new words and reading and reading comprehension. The study shows that from the students’ perspective, teachers have an important part in their vocabulary development. Based on the students’ descriptions, teachers mainly describe new words orally. Furthermore, the results show that the students had problems with words that are characteristic of the written language and important for reading comprehension, also known as level 2 words. There were only few words that the students had a deeper understanding and could give a correct definition of. The results implies that teaches need to adapt and develop their vocabulary teaching to give students a greater vocabulary depth and breadth.

Teknologiträd är en mekanik och gränssnitt som används främst inom strategispel. Den visar den teknologiska utvecklingen i spelvärlden och låter spelaren göra strategiska val om i vilken ordning de vill utveckla olika teknologier. Denna studie handlar om olika strukturer på teknologiträd och hur de påverkar spelupplevelsen. Till studien skapades en artefakt, ett City Builder-spel med två olika teknologiträd, ett med en traditionell struktur och ett som är delvis slumpat. Studien använde en kvalitativansats och hade 7 deltagare som fick spela igenom spelet, en gång med vardera teknologiträd. Deltagarna deltog sedan i en semi-strukturerad intervju om sina upplevelser. Ljudet från intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och datan från dem analyserades. Studien kom fram till att strukturen av teknologiträd påverkar spelupplevelsen, främst av allt genom att öka om spelbarheten. Det kan dock bero på storleken av spelet och dess teknologiträd, och framtida studier borde göras, framför allt på större spel. / <p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p>

Glitch Möbelformgivning – Kontroll, slump och intuition i transformation av skogens formbank i digitala och analoga verktyg. Skogen är en inspirerande formbank med sin otämjda och komplexa uttryck. Med dagens digitala verktyg tillsammans med hantverksmetoder i kombination av slump, kontroll och intuition vill jag hitta och utforska nya gestaltningsmetoder. Genom dessa metoder försöker jag undersöka möbeldesignerns och inredningsarkitektens arbetssätt och formspråk. Med fokus på transformation och glitchen (glappet) mellan olika digitala och analoga metoder, verktyg och media. Med inspiration av skogen vill jag formge objekt med nya och unika formuttryck. En designprocess där det skulpturala värdet vägt tyngre än det funktionella. Examensarbetet resulterade i 6 unika objekt inspirerade av skogen, med en stor bredd och variation gällande material, digitala verktyg kontra analoga tillverkningsmetoder och färgtekniker. Materialen varierar mellan massitv furu, PLA-plast och frigolit. Färgteknikerna är bland annat airbrush, pigmenterad bets och lack. Objekten varierar i storlek från det minsta objektet på 10 x 10 cm (Krokarna - Vrilarna), till det största objektet som är 83 cm x 90 cm, (Spegeln - Istappen).