En el desarrollo de las faenas pesqueras de la flota industrial se ha identificado un tipo de infracción relacionada con la pesca de tallas menores o juveniles, que es sancionada con multas y decomisos. El sustento normativo de la infracción y la consecuente sanción es la sostenibilidad pesquera que, en este caso, tiene como propósito proteger las tallas menores de anchoveta para asegurar su reproducción. Usando el método de investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, en la presente investigación se demostrará que la aplicación de dicho régimen sancionador no ha contribuido a la sostenibilidad pesquera, sino que habría motivado descartes en el mar, escondiendo la infracción, y puede haber provocado contaminación en el medio marino, debido a que los efectos del descarte no se han llegado a medir. En el análisis de las resoluciones sancionadoras, en contraste con estudios de la masa hidrobiológica, con las evidencias de la existencia de volúmenes aptos para pesca, la asignación de cuotas de pesca, así como las decisiones de inicio y cierre de temporada con base en estudios científicos del rendimiento máximo sostenible, y las medidas preventivas de cierre y veda de zonas, se concluye que estas medidas han sido más efectivas que las sanciones aplicadas a la pesca de tallas menores. Esto, para garantizar la sostenibilidad pesquera de la anchoveta peruana. / In the development of the fishing operations of the industrial fleet, a type of infraction related to the fishing of smaller or juvenile sizes has been identified, which is sanctioned with fines and seizures. The normative support of the infraction and the consequent sanction is the fishing sustainability that, in this case, has the purpose of protecting the smaller sizes of anchoveta to ensure its reproduction. Using the method of descriptive research with a qualitative approach, in the present investigation it will be demonstrated that the application of this sanctioning regime has not contributed to fisheries sustainability, but would have motivated discards at sea, hiding the infraction, and may have caused contamination in the marine environment, because the effects of discarding have not been measured. In the analysis of the sanctioning resolutions, in contrast with studies of the hydrobiological mass, with the evidences of the existence of suitable volumes for fishing, the allocation of fishing quotas, as well as the decisions of beginning and closing of season based on studies maximum sustainable yield scientists, and the preventive measures of closure and closure of zones, conclude that these measures have been more effective than the sanctions applied to fishing for smaller sizes. This, to guarantee the fishing sustainability of the Peruvian anchoveta. / Trabajo de investigación

This thesis examines the experiences and interpretations of place of immigrant women in Kingston and Peterborough, Ontario. Immigrant women in smaller Canadian cities contend with a varied and unique set of circumstances that are specific to their geographic positioning. Kingston and Peterborough, with populations of under 150,000 residents, are cities with particular racial discourses. Racialized discourses in Kingston and Peterborough identify each of these places as white cities. As a result, racialized inhabitants who reside in these cities are subsequently rendered invisible or out of place. Participants of my research, most of whom are racialized visible minorities, have all had to contend with oppressive effects of negotiating a white, and oftentimes unwelcoming landscape. There are three main objectives to my research. First, my desire was to learn about immigrant women’s lived realities and to better understand how the experience of migration and racialization had affected their lives. Second, I wanted to facilitate opportunities for women to share their stories with each other in the hopes of perhaps creating the types of learning experiences that would empower participants. Facilitating social interactions in which women could voice their experiences and share their emotional geographies became the most meaningful aspect of this research project at the level of the individual. Finally, I wanted our collaborative research experience to reach the wider public with the intention of creating transformative social change. The voices of immigrant women in smaller cities are often ignored or overlooked, and this gap in knowledge, I believed, was in need of exploring. Previous studies with immigrant women have focused primarily on immigrant women who live in larger Canadian cities. Little research has been directed at smaller cities such as Kingston and Peterborough and my thesis seeks to begin to remedy this oversight. / Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2008-11-24 16:07:56.728

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In this article, we study the construction of piecewise linear prewavelets over type-2 triangulations. Different from a so-called semi-prewavelet approach, we investigate the orthogonal conditions directly and obtain parameterized prewavelets with a smaller support. The conditions for parameterized prewavelet basis on the parameters are also given.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a significant relationship exists between the implementation of the Morristown-Hamblen High School East (MHHSE) Freshman Academy, student academic achievement, and the high school graduation rate at MHHSE. The testing variables included GPA, attendance, number of core course failures, number of discipline referrals, English I End-of-Course test scores, and graduation rate. Grouping variables included 8th grade (pretreatment) and 9th grade (posttreatment) groups, preacademy and postacademy groups, socioeconomic status, and gender. Ten faculty members of the MHHSE Freshman Academy were interviewed to ascertain their perceptions about the smaller learning community concept. The population of the study was limited to students enrolled in the MHHSE Freshman Academy (2004-2008) and students enrolled at MHHSE 2 years prior to the implementation of the academy (2002-2004). Paired-samples t-tests were used to make comparisons between the same students on 8th grade (pretreatment) and 9th grade (posttreatment) measures. Independentsamples t-tests were used to make additional comparisons between different groups of students categorized according to socioeconomic status and gender, as well as preacademy and postacademy groups. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that the 9th grade transition year is a very difficult year for most students. Male students and those classified as economically disadvantaged develop additional risk factors during their freshmen year that might identify them as potential dropouts. The MHHSE Freshman Academy has had a positive effect on student academic performance and conduct as measured by the data analyses and teacher opinions.

The issue of high school reform has received national attention during the first part of the 21st century. One idea brought forth in this restructuring effort has been the desire to create high schools with smaller student populations. However, in an era of tight budgets, where resources are not always available to build more schools, educators have explored the possibility of dividing existing large high schools into smaller units. This restructuring approach has many titles, but is frequently referred to as a Smaller Learning Community (SLC). Since 2000, the federal government has pledged $245 million to schools willing to create SLCs. This research has studied the schools in Florida that have received the federal implementation grant and have established SLCs. The 39 Florida high schools that were awarded the federal grant in 2000, 2001, and 2002 served as the population for this study. Twenty schools in the population completed a 45-item survey which measured implementation of five key SLC elements:(a) accountability, (b) autonomy, (c) identity, (d) instructional focus, and (e) personalization. Based on the survey results, an implementation score was determined for each participating school. Based on 5-point Likert scale (with a not applicable option) for the 35 questions that pertained to the five elements, a total score of 175 was the maximum amount possible. Individual responding school scores ranged from 104.7 - 157.1. The overall implementation score was also correlated with selected school indicators. Survey respondents also provided rationale for the implementation of SLCs and perceived benefits to students, teachers, and parents. In general, the survey respondents agreed that SLCs at their schools addressed the five key elements. The implementation scores and teacher comments, however, provided evidence that the levels of implementation of SLCs across the state varied in terms of the elements. Suggestions for future research and educational practices are provided

Thousands of students drop out of high school every day in the United States and the repercussions affect more than just the individual. Research on smaller learning communities (SLC) reveals increased student achievement, as well as improved teacher perception of student engagement. Student attendance, grade point average, and standardized test scores have been seen to improve within the SLC. In addition, graduation rates for students enrolled in a SLC have revealed increases, but this research focuses on the SLC as an intervention for any student. The current research targets at-risk students in an educational climate of sparse resources, and an increasing need for clever use of capital. The current research fills this gap by evaluating a SLC developed for and populated solely with students identified as at-risk by collecting data from students enrolled in a SLC and comparing them to a population of similar at-risk students not enrolled in the SLC. A Chi-square analysis was conducted comparing graduation rates, a 1-factor analysis of variance compared state test scores, and a 2-factor mixed analysis of variance was conducted to compare GPA, attendance, and discipline between and within the 2 groups. The alpha level was adjusted per the Bonferroni method to correct for multiple data points on the same sample and resulting in a sample size of 106. Findings from this research found a one year SLC intervention made a difference in school attendance, and revealed an overall trend of difference between SLC and control at-risk students in all other areas. These findings contribute to positive social change understanding a one year SLC intervention is capable of improving attendance as well as producing an overall positive trend for at-risk high school students in the areas of graduation, standardized assessment, discipline, and standardized assessments.

Bakgrund och problem: Revisionsplikten avskaffades 1 november 2010 vilket betyder att mindre aktiebolag som uppfyller vissa kriterier inte längre behöver anställa en revisor. Enligt uppgifter från Bolagsverket är det en stor majoritet av de äldre aktiebolagen som väljer att behålla sin revisor medan det hos de nyregistrerade aktiebolagen är vanligare att inte ha en revisor. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka faktorer som är avgörande för mindre aktiebolag i valet att ha en revisor. Vi ska även undersöka vilka fördelar och nackdelar de mindre aktiebolagen ser med revision och om synen varierar beroende på om det är ett bolag som registrerades innan eller efter avskaffandet av revisionsplikten. Metod: I studien används en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer. Personliga intervjuer genomfördes med sju olika mindre aktiebolag. Resultat och slutsats: Samtliga bolag är allmänt positiva till avskaffandet av revisionsplikten och menar att majoriteten av mindre aktiebolag inte har ett behov av en revisor. Majoriteten av bolagen anser att revision är en bra kvalitetsgaranti gentemot ett bolags intressenter. De aktiebolag som i dagsläget har en revisor anser att värdet revisorn ger överstiger kostnaden, medan bolag som inte har revisor anser att revision enbart innebär en betungande och onödig kostnad. Förslag till vidare forskning: Vi skulle tycka att det vore intressant att undersöka avskaffandet av revisionsplikten utifrån revisorns perspektiv. Hur har revisorerna påverkats av den nya lagen och vad har den lett till för konsekvenser? / Background to problem: Auditing obligation was abolished november 1, 2010. According to Bolagsverket, the vast majority of the older companies choose to retain its auditor, while that of the newly registered companies are more likely to not have an auditor. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate which factors are crucial for small companies in the elections to be audited. We will also examine the advantages and disadvantages of the smaller companies look to the audit and whether the vision depends on whether it is a company registered before and after abolition. Methodology: The study used a qualitative method using interviews, the interviews were conducted with seven smaller companies. Conclusions: All companies are in favor of the abolition of the audit requirement and believe that the majority of smaller companies do not have a need for an auditor. The majority of companies believe that the audit is a good quality guarantee against a company's stakeholders. The companies that have an auditor believe that the value the auditor gives exceeds the expenses, while companies that do not have an auditor believe that auditing merely constitutes an unnecessary expense. Suggestions for further research: It would be interesting to investigate the removal of the audit requirement based on the auditor's perspective.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Mikroföretag och små företag kan tillsammans definieras som mindre företag. Det som kännetecknar ett mindre företag är att ägaren ofta är en individ eller en mindre grupp. Målet i ett mindre företag är ofta att ledaren vill försäkra sig om överlevnad, bra levnadsstandard och god avkastning. Detta kan nås genom tillväxt och den kan ske både organiskt och genom expansion. Hur bra tillväxtmöjligheter ett mindre företag har beror på ett flertal aspekter, t.ex. karaktäristiska drag hos entreprenören, kunskapsnivån i företaget och vilka strategier som appliceras. Mindre företag upplever att det finns ett flertal olika hinder som hämmar deras tillväxt. Höga personalkostnader, begränsningar i företagets lönsamhet, administrationsarbete och begränsningar i marknadens efterfrågan lyfts fram som de hinder företag har svårast att bemästra. Solcellsmarknaden i Sverige är under tillväxt och det råder hög konkurrens på marknaden där ett flertal företag vill åt samma marknadsandelar. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda vilka tillväxthinder och -möjligheter som finns i en extern mikrokontext utifrån ett mindre företagsperspektiv, på en ny och växande marknad. Syftet är även att ta fram rekommendationer för hur ett mindre företag kan agera på en sådan marknad. Metod: Studien har en deduktiv ansats och utgår ifrån en kvalitativ metod. En flerfallsstudie har genomförts med tre stycken företag för att skapa en god empirisk grund. Det empiriska materialet består av fyra semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomförda med företag verksamma inom installation och försäljning av solceller. Slutsats: De tillväxthinder som finns är låga inträdesbarriärer, många redan etablerade företag och kunder med hög förhandlingsstyrka. Tillväxtmöjligheterna ligger framförallt i de relationer som företagen bygger upp vertikalt bakåt mot leverantörer men även framåt mot montörer och kunder. Företagets interna kontext påverkas av entreprenörens tidigare erfarenheter och förmåga att knyta kontakter, motivationen hos de anställda samt företagets kvalitet i utföranden. En möjlig strategi är fokus på en nischad marknad och ett specifikt kundsegment. / Background and problem discussion: Micro enterprises and small business can be defined together as smaller companies. What characterizes a smaller company is that the owner often is an individual or a smaller group. The goal of a smaller company is often that the leader wants to ensure survival, good living standards and good economic returns. This can be achieved through growth and it can be done both organically and through expansion. How good growth opportunities a smaller company has depends on several aspects such as characteristic features of the entrepreneur, the level of knowledge in the company and the strategies applied. Smaller companies experience that there are many obstacles that inhibit their growth. High personnel costs, limitations in the company's profitability, management work and demand limitations are highlighted as the obstacles companies have the most difficult to master. The solar cell market in Sweden is under growth and there is high competition on the market where a number of companies want the same market share. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the growth potentials and opportunities that exist in an external micro context based on a smaller business perspective, acting on a new and growing market. The aim is also to make recommendations for how a smaller company can act in such a market. Method: This bachelor thesis has a deductive approach based on a qualitative method. A multiple comparative study has been conducted with three different companies to build solid data. The data consists of three different semi-structured interviews with companies acting on the Swedish solar cell market through sales and installation. Conclusion: The threats for growth that exist are low entry barriers, many already established companies and customers with high negotiating power. Growth opportunities lie mainly in the relationships the companies build vertically backwards towards suppliers, but also towards fitters and customers. The company's internal context is influenced by the entrepreneur's previous experience and ability to connect, motivate employees and the company's quality in performance. A possible strategy is to focus on a niche market and a specific customer segment.

The purpose of this project is to use different improvisational and compositional methods to compose music for a duo, trio, and a quartet. The goal is to explore the possibilities of each setting regarding the different improvisational methods and if it has an impact on decision making as an improviser. One of the factors of changing the setting is the possibilities of the various roles of each musician in each arrangement.   The combination of the ensembles:  Duo: Tenor saxophone and drums. Trio: Tenor saxophone, drums, and bass. Quartet: Tenor saxophone, drums, bass, and guitar.  Three improvisational methods will be compared to each other:  Improvisation through a melody, without written chords.  Improvisation over a traditional form: Melody – solos over written chords – melody.  Collective improvisation.  Compositional methods: Open arrangements. Using the main instrument to compose.  There will be a discussion about the different roles of the musicians in each setting and how the roles may affect the arrangements in various ways. One of the factors is to avoid the common roles as an accompanist and a melody instrumentalist in each setting. Two of the settings do not include a chord instrument and that will lead to a certain role for me as a saxophonist along with the different roles of the rhythm section. There were six rehearsals planned in total, followed by an examination concert in Nathan Milsteinsalen, Kungl. Musikhögskolan on February 23rd. / <p>Björgvin Ragnar Hjálmarsson - Tenorsaxofon</p><p>Bjarni Már Ingólfsson - Gitarr</p><p>Johan Tengholm - Kontrabas</p><p>Henrik Jäderberg - Trummor</p>