The main topics of the thesis are open data, open data initiatives and sustainable mobility. Current state of open data made available by the Prague city administration is explored. Successful open data initiatives from abroad, that use open data to contribute to sustainable mobility, are examined. Results of the study of open data in driving sustainable mobility in nine smart cities are partially replicated and extended using the state of open data in Prague. Results of the author's own research aimed at Prague are compared with results of this study and complement them. Interviews with representatives of foreign open data initiatives in the field of sustainable mobility are used to examine the inception, day-to-day activities, roles they play and key aspects of operations of these initiatives. Results from both parts of the thesis are combined with an overview of literature on the topic. Possibilities of further development of both the open data in Prague in general and the sustainable mobility initiatives in Prague working with open data are presented.

The purpose of this research is to study the advantages of 5G technological innovation in the development of smart cities, i.e., to find out in what way this technology plays the main driving force of other relevant technologies essential to developing smart cities. In addition, this study explores the potential consequences of developing smart cities using 5G technology. Main Research Question How does 5G technological innovation influence the development of smart cities?  Sub-Research Questions 1.1 What are the advantages of smart city development using 5G technology?  1.2 What are the hindrances to smart city development using 5G technology? The methodology of this study includes bibliometric data analysis and a systematic literature review. The journal databases have been searched with appropriate keywords to get published articles on 5G technological innovation, its advantages, and potential consequences on the development of smart cities, technological hindrances, and sustainability threats to the development of smart cities. The relevant literature was then analyzed precisely. In the development of smart cities, the 5G technological innovation is to act as the backbone of smart cities. There are different types of technologies contributing to the development of smart cities. Among them, the Internet of Things, Information and Communication Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Sensors, Geospatial Technology, Blockchain, Robotics, and Industry 4.0 are fundamental technologies. 5G technological innovations are strategic. Therefore, whether this innovation has a strategic impact has been found in this analysis.  Recommendations We must welcome and utilize the advantages of new technological innovation. We still need more practical studies of using 5G in smart cities. Telecom operators, relevant service providers, and vendors can collaborate with public health and environmental researchers to clearly disclose the 5G advantages and potential consequences.  Further research is required to finalize the unknown facts of EMF pollution, and other controversial areas like privacy, safety, and security could be studied to determine whether the 5G wireless technology is secure and adds real value for the users.

Without decarbonizing cities energy and climate objectives cannot be achieved as cities account for approximately two thirds of energy consumption and emissions. This goal of decarbonizing cities has to be facilitated by promoting net-zero/positive energy buildings and districts and replicating them, driving cities towards sustainability goals. Many projects in smart cities demonstrate novel and groundbreaking low-carbon solutions in demonstration and lighthouse projects. However, as the historical, geographic, political, social and economic context of urban areas vary greatly, it is not always easy to repeat the solution in another city or even district. It is therefore important to look for the opportunities to scale up or repeat successful pilots. The purpose of this paper is to explore common trends in technologies and replication strategies for positive energy buildings or districts in smart city projects, based on the practical experience from a case study in Leipzig—one of the lighthouse cities in the project SPARCS. One of the key findings the paper has proven is the necessity of a profound replication modelling to deepen the understanding of upscaling processes. Three models analyzed in this article are able to provide a multidimensional representation of the solution to be replicated.

Growth rates in e-commerce, changing consumer behaviors, and COVID-19 have all put pressure on local retailers worldwide, threatening the resilience of city centers. Local online platforms (LOPs) have been considered as a solution to help local retailers increase their visibility and survive on the market. However, most platforms fail to attract a significant number of stakeholders. Simultaneously, digital platform solutions with more holistic urban perspectives, such as urban data platforms (UDPs), have emerged. However, a question remains: how can the integration of retail data (e.g., product availabilities) into a UDP succeed? Therefore, in this paper, we explore stakeholder-oriented networking processes to integrate local retail data into a UDP in Leipzig, Germany. Leipzig has increased its population by 26% since 2000, but presents the highest retail vacancy rate, compared to other major German cities. To investigate the networking process in Leipzig, we conduct a social network analysis which combines qualitative interviews, mapping, and ethnographic research. We interview ten stakeholders and uncover conflicts within the networking process: First, all stakeholders have different understandings of UDPs and how to integrate local retail data; second, the interviewees acknowledge the importance of, but none of them feel responsible for, initiating or managing the process; and third, the city administration has shown diverging interest, in terms of taking on more responsibility.

In the last decade, major developments in mobile and sensor network technologies, as well as in more secure data management solutions allowed an accelerated expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) in different markets, including the smart lighting technology. These technological developments, currently shaping the lighting industry, have the power to enhance the liveability of spaces and improve people’s lives. However, in this thesis it is highlighted how such technological evolution is often marked by an engineering character over a design approach. In particular, this thesis focuses on smart lighting technology applied in urban environments and how the integration of information technology into the physical realm can enhance space quality and empower citizens’ participation. The main body is divided into two sections: The first part provides an overview of the technological solutions that are currently being implemented in the lighting design field. The second part advances a schematic projection of future trends, starting from the analysis of what is being developed in other related disciplines, such as urban planning and visual arts. Both parts are literature-based. The final section features the opinion of noteworthy lighting professionals about possible real-life applications of smart lighting technology. Since this thesis has been written during the Covid-19 pandemic, the author decided to include speculations regarding how this event might influence the future of urban lighting.

Purpose – The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the net benefits and change in user behaviour in a technology push scenario in Smart Cities. Design/methodology/approach –The research was conducted using a quantitative approach. Hence, quantitative data was obtained by devising and distributing a questionnaire adapted from the literature to serve the purpose of this research. Data was analysed by using SmartPLS software, since this tool allowed for the creation of a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Contributions –The research is expected to help foster an understanding of the factors affecting citizens’ satisfaction with technology-supporting smart cities. The focus of this research was on the scenario where technology was introduced by the government to support the development of smart cities, and where citizens ‘do not have a choice’ and are ‘pushed’ to use them. The research contributes a model for assessing the role of satisfaction in enhancing the net benefits of smart city technologies on the lives of citizens, as well as the change in individuals’ behaviour towards smart city technologies when they are ‘pushed’ for use. The findings provided insights to enable policy makers to implement smart cities in developing countries while ensuring the satisfaction of the users. Originality/value – The originality of this research is centred around determining how satisfied citizens are with smart cities and the net benefit of smart cities within a developing country (Kuwait) context. The research is also unique in that it examines the role of citizens’ satisfaction in changing their behaviour towards ‘push’ technology within smart cities. Theoretical Contributions – This study examined the factors that led to acceptance of smart cities in Kuwait. Hence, this study used the theories related to user acceptance of technology and added to its trust in provider. Previous studies have examined trust as a broad concept. Moreover, this study incorporated the push theory and also examined the change in user behavior, which was not examined in earlier studies.

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[pt] Os principais problemas enfrentados hoje pelas cidades estão relacionados ao crescimento da população urbana e ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Deste contexto emerge o importante debate mundial sobre as formas de planejamento mais adequadas ao atual momento. Ao mesmo tempo em que estamos diante dos maiores desafios da história das cidades, o avanço tecnológico se mostra exponencial, direcionando não só a solução para os problemas, mas promovendo também uma série de mudanças de paradigmas em relação à forma como vivemos, nos relacionamos e trabalhamos. A Cidade Inteligente – termo conhecido mundialmente, mas com significado ainda pouco preciso – surge nesse contexto, em que a tecnologia é usada para resolver problemas urbanos, garantir o desenvolvimento sustentável e a qualidade de vida das pessoas. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo definir, a partir da revisão da literatura, o conceito de Smart City e relatar o movimento das Human Smart Cities, contextualizando o cenário brasileiro e as diferentes abordagens existentes. A partir da análise das iniciativas voltadas para o mercado de Smart Cities no Brasil, foi possível perceber a necessidade de um equilíbrio entre as abordagens top-down e bottom-up nos projetos existentes e futuros. É relevante sublinhar a importância do aspecto humano na definição de Smart City, valorizando a participação da sociedade através de ecossistemas de inovação que incentivem a co-criação das soluções, em conjunto com a esfera pública, empresarial e acadêmica. A descentralização das tomadas de decisão, juntamente com a integração dos sistemas inteligentes da cidade que definem a verdadeira Smart City. / [en] The majority of modern cities reflect old urban models and specific historical contexts and need to deal with global and local issues never dealt with before. One example is the significant increase of urban population and objectives to reach sustainable development. There are many challenges to be faced: demographical, environmental, economic and institutional. At the same time we are facing one of the biggest challenges in the history of urban life, technological development grows at an exponential rate, providing not only solutions, but also promoting a series of shifts in paradigms in relation to our way of life, in how we relate and work. Due to technology – especially Information and Communications Technology (ICT) –, today society can communicate more easily, which allows them to consolidate and grow in networks, collaborate among themselves and obtain knowledge – an abundant and intangible resource that can change the current economic logic. Economy based of mass production of homogeneous products – one that exploits the environment without considering its consequences – is increasingly losing ground to new economies such as creative, collaborative, and knowledge-based economies where product and service productions are decentralized and diversified. The concept of Smart City arises from that context of technological evolution, increase in data generation, knowledge and consequently, of innovation. It is a challenging historical moment, but it also offers a variety of technological opportunities.

[pt] O rápido processo de urbanização das cidades ao redor do mundo está causando diversas consequências em suas estruturas. As urbes não foram planejadas para suportar esse grande número de habitantes, logo causando dificuldades socioeconômicas para sua população, além de problemas de infraestrutura urbana. Essa grande concentração de mentes criativas vivendo nas áreas urbanas levou também a um novo fenômeno, a Revolução digital, que é caracterizada pelo avanço tecnológico, o qual possibilita a quase instantânea conexão entre as pessoas e os dispositivos. Desse modo, nasce a temática cidades inteligentes que busca solucionar os problemas das urbes atuais com o auxílio das ferramentas tecnológicas, que surgiram com a revolução digital. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico sobre a inteligência do município de Curitiba, além de propor diretrizes gerais e projetos na área de mobilidade urbana para que a cidade se desenvolva e se torne mais smart. A metodologia utilizada dentro dessa dissertação foi: realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema cidades inteligentes; analisar detalhadamente a urbe de Curitiba; entender a inteligência de Curitiba a partir da população (entrevistas); e traçar novas diretrizes e projetos. O trabalho mostrou, como resultado, que a urbe de Curitiba está caminhando para se tornar uma smart city no futuro, graças a suas diversas inciativas que visam um desenvolvimento sustentável e uma ótima qualidade de vida para a população. Atualmente, o município ainda tem alguns pontos a melhorar, os quais devem ser repensados com novos projetos e estratégias conectadas às existentes. / [en] Cities play a key role in economic, social, and environmental spheres. It is noticeable that they are experiencing a rapid population increase due to industrialization and globalization (Mori and Christodoulou, 2012; Rocha, 2021). However, this population increase is causing several consequences in its urban and natural structures, such as lack of jobs, poor quality of the health system, increased urban violence, mobility problems, environmental pollution, etc. (Silva and Travassos, 2008). Along with this growth, it is observed that over the last decade technological advances have emerged and the internet has become a reality. Thus, starting the digitization of cities (Gonçalves, 2018). Therefore, in order to solve the problems of the cities reported above, seeking more sustainable answers, together with the evolution of technology and information, the theme called smart city emerged (Nadal, 2020). There are several literary definitions for the concept of a smart city, and an analysis of them was done throughout the work. Which, it can be observed that the two main types of intelligent towns addressed by theorists are: the one that deals with the life quality of the inhabitants and the resolution of current urban problems; and the one dealing with the use of ICT to manage the municipality. (Hollands, 2008). It is also possible to understand that the most current authors have characterized a smart urban area according to the life quality approach, which will be portrayed in this research. It is observed that a current smart city is not composed only of technology. It is just a tool for the full and sustainable development of the town, through the participation of society, and decision-making always together with the ultimate purpose of a municipal of excellence for its inhabitants.

[pt] A cidade obedece a uma lógica de estruturação que não é inclusiva e atenta às diversidades, fazendo com que mulheres não usufruam plenamente da vida urbana. E se mulheres, com vivências diversas, partindo de lugares diversos, pudessem projetar a cidade onde vivem, o que elas fariam? É a partir desta pergunta com potencial especulativo que esse trabalho se estrutura. Como é o imaginário de mulheres sobre a cidade do Rio de Janeiro? E o que mulheres pensam sobre Cidades Inteligentes?. Escrever sobre cidades é escrever também sobre design, pois o design molda mundos possíveis e, aparentemente, impossíveis com a sua dimensão especulativa. Neste trabalho que gira em torno da tríade design-cidade-gênero, além de ouvir mulheres e suas vivências, buscamos investigar como o debate de gênero é levado em consideração para pensar a construção de cidades mais igualitárias e acolhedoras. Trazemos à tona a relevância de se pensar design e gênero, ressaltando a importância de se pensar o design de forma crítica para sonhar mundos preferíveis. / [en] What if women, with different experiences, coming from different backgrounds, could design the city where they live, what would they do? This question filled with speculative potential is the core of this work. What is the women s imaginary about the city of Rio de Janeiro? And what do women think about Smart Cities? Writing about cities is also writing about design, because design shapes possible and apparently impossible worlds with its speculative dimension. In this work, which revolves around the design-city-gender triad, in addition to listening to women and their experiences, we seek to investigate how the gender debate is taken to consider the construction of more egalitarian and welcoming cities. We bring to light a concern with thinking about design and gender, highlighting the importance of thinking or designing critically in order to dream preferable worlds.