Due to the ever increasing supply of new Internet of Things (IoT) devices being added onto a network, it is vital secure the devices from incoming cyber threats. The manufacturing process of creating and developing a new IoT device allows many new companies to come out with their own device. These devices also increase the network risk because many IoT devices are created without proper security implementation. Utilizing traffic patterns as a method of device type detection will allow behavior identification using only Internet Protocol (IP) header information. The network traffic captured from 20 IoT devices belonging to 4 distinct types (IP camera, on/off switch, motion sensor, and temperature sensor) are generalized and used to identify new devices previously unseen on the network. Our results indicate some categories have patterns that are easier to generalize, while other categories are harder but we are still able recognize some unique characteristics. We also are able to deploy this in a test production network and adapted previous methods to handle streaming traffic and an additional noise categorization capable of identify non-IoT devices. The performance of our model is varied between classes, signifying that much future work has to be done to increase the classification score and overall usefulness. / Master of Science / IoT (Internet of Things) devices are an exploding field, with many devices being created, manufactured, and utilized per year. With the rise of so many internet capable devices, there is a risk that the devices may have vulnerabilities and exploits able to allow unauthorized users to access. While a problem for a consumer network, this is an increased problem in an enterprise network, since much of the information on the network is sensitive and should be kept confidential and private. While a ban of IoT devices on a network is able to solve this problem, with the rise of machine learning able to characterize and recognize patterns, a smarter approach can be created to distinguish when and which types of IoT devices enter the network. Previous attempts to identify IoT devices used signature schemes specific to a single device, but this paper aims to generalize traffic behaviors and identifying a device category rather than a specific IoT device to ensure future new devices can also be recognized. With device category identification in place on an internet network, smarter approaches can be implemented to ensure the devices remain secure while still able to be used.

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a situation where individual manufacturers develop their own communication protocols and frameworks that are often incompatible with other systems. Part of this is due to the use of incompatible communication hardware, and part is due to the entrenched proprietary systems. This has created a heterogeneous communication landscape, where it is difficult for devices to coordinate their efforts. To remedy this, a number of IoT Frameworks have been proposed to provide a common interface between IoT devices. There are many approaches to common frameworks, each with their strengths and weaknesses, but there is no clear winner among them. This thesis presents a virtual network testbed for implementing smart home IoT Frameworks. It consists of a simulated home network made up of multiple Virtual Machines (VM), simulated smart home devices and an implementation of the OpenHAB framework to integrate the devices. Simulated devices are designed to be network- accurate representations of actual devices, a LIFX smart lightbulb was developed and an existing Nest thermostat simulation was integrated. The demonstrated setup serves as a proof of concept for the idea of a home network testbed. Such a testbed could allow for the development of new IoT frameworks or the comparison of existing ones, and it could also serve as an education aid to illustrate how smart home IoT devices communicate with one another. / Master of Science / The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a situation where individual manufacturers develop their own systems for communicating with devices, which don’t work with other devices. A lot of this is due to devices using different technologies; for example, a Bluetooth device trying to talk to a Wi-Fi device. This has created a situation where it is difficult for different devices to communicate. To remedy this, a number of IoT Frameworks have been proposed to provide a common language between IoT devices. There are many approaches to common frameworks, each with their strengths and weaknesses, but there is no clear winner among them. This thesis presents a simulation environment for smart home IoT Frameworks. It consists of a simulated home network made up of multiple Virtual Machines (VM), simulated smart home devices and an implementation of the OpenHAB framework to integrate the devices. Simulated devices are designed to be accurate representations of actual devices, a LIFX smart lightbulb was developed and an existing Nest thermostat simulation was integrated. The demonstrated setup serves as a proof of concept for the idea of a home network testbed. Such a testbed could allow for the development of new IoT frameworks or the comparison of existing ones, and it could also serve as an education aid to illustrate how smart home IoT devices communicate with one another.

Fiber optic sensors have been utilized as corrosion sensors by depositing metal coatings to the surface of the sensors. Three types of fiber optic sensors were investigated as candidates for corrosion detection: the extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI), the absolute extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (AEFPI), and the long period grating (LPG) fiber optic sensor. The corrosion monitoring technique used with the EFPI and AEFPI sensors exploits the ability of a thick coating of metal to maintain strain information in fiber optic strain sensors. The sensors are placed under tensile stress, and while in the resulting strained position, a thick coating of metal is applied. Due to an increase in the quantity of material, the sensor does not return to its original position upon release, and strain is maintained within the sensor element. As the metal thickness decreases due to corrosion, this residual strain is released, providing the sensing mechanism for corrosion detection. LPG fiber optic sensors have demonstrated their ability as bandstop filters, by coupling the fundamental guided mode to circularly symmetric cladding modes. The cladding modes are extremely lossy due to the fiber jacket and bending along the fiber. Losses at discrete wavelengths can be monitored to determine the onset and progress of metal corrosion. Background theory and experimental results are discussed and reported for EFPI, AEFPI, and LPG fiber optic corrosion sensors. The study is preceded with an overview of different corrosion sensor designs and methods which are used in the area of non-destructive evaluation. / Master of Science

Before the recent advances in sensing, actuation, computing and communication technologies, the integration between the digital and the physical environment was limited. Humans linked those two worlds by collecting data about the physical environment before feeding it into the digital environment, and by changing the state of the physical environment based on the state of the digital environment. The incorporation of computing, communication, sensing, and actuation technologies into everyday physical objects has empowered the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT). Things can autonomously collect data about the physical environment, exchange information with other things, and take actions on behalf of humans. Application domains that can benefit from IoT include smart buildings, smart cities, smart water, smart agriculture, smart animal farming, smart metering, security and emergencies, retail, logistics, industrial control, and health care. For decades, building automation, intelligent buildings, and more recently smart buildings have received a considerable attention in both academia and industry. We use the term smart built environments (SBE) to describe smart, intelligent, physical, built, architectural spaces ranging from a single room to a whole city. Legacy SBEs were often closed systems operating their own standards and custom protocols. SBEs evolved to Internet-connected systems leveraging the Internet technologies and services (e.g., cloud services) to unleash new capabilities. IoT-enabled SBEs, as one of the various applications of the IoT, can change the way we experience our homes and workplaces significantly and make interacting with technology almost inevitable. This can provide several benefits to modern society and help to make our life easier. Meanwhile, security, privacy, and safety concerns should be addressed appropriately. Unlike traditional computing devices, things usually have no or limited input/output (I/O) capabilities. Leveraging the ubiquity of general-purpose computing devices (e.g., smartphones), thing vendors usually provide interfaces for their products in the form of mobile apps or web-based portals. Interacting with different things using different mobile apps or web-based portals does not scale well. Requiring the user to switch between tens or hundreds of mobile apps and web-based portals to interact with different things in different smart spaces may not be feasible. Moreover, it can be tricky for non-domestic users (e.g., visitors) of a given SBE to figure out, without guidance, what mobile apps or web-based portals they need to use to interact with the surrounding. While there has been a considerable research effort to address a variety of challenges associated with the thing-to-thing interaction, human-to-thing interaction related research is limited. Many of the proposed approaches and industry-adopted techniques rely on more traditional, well understood and widely used Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) methods and techniques to support interaction between humans and things. Such techniques have mostly originated in a world of desktop computers that have a screen, mouse, and keyboard. However, SBEs introduce a radically different interaction context where there are no centralized, easily identifiable input and output devices. A desktop computer of the past is being replaced with the whole SBE. Depending on the task at hand and personal preferences, a user may prefer to use one interaction modality over another. For instance, turning lights on/off using an app may be more cumbersome or time-consuming compared to using a simple physical switch. This research focuses on leveraging the recent advances in IoT and related technologies to support user interactions with SBEs. We explore how to support flexible and adaptive multimodal interfaces and interactions while providing a consistent user experience in an SBE based on the current context and the available user interface and interaction capabilities. / PHD / The recent advances in sensing, actuation, computing, and communication technologies have brought several rewards to modern society. The incorporation of those technologies into everyday physical objects (or things) has empowered the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT). Things can autonomously collect data about the physical environment, exchange information with other things, and take actions on behalf of humans. Several application domains can benefit from the IoT such as smart buildings, smart cities, security and emergencies, retail, logistics, industrial control, and health care. For decades, building automation, intelligent buildings, and more recently smart buildings have received considerable attention in both academia and industry. We use the term smart built environments (SBE) to describe smart, intelligent, physical, built, architectural spaces ranging from a single room to a whole city. SBEs, as one of the various applications of the IoT, can change the way we experience our homes and workplaces significantly and make interacting with technology almost inevitable. While there has been a considerable research effort to address a variety of challenges associated with the thing-to-thing interaction, human-to-thing interaction related research is limited. Many of the proposed approaches and industry-adopted techniques to support human-to-thing interaction rely on traditional methods. However, SBEs introduce a radically different interaction context. Therefore, adapting the current interaction techniques and/or adopting new ones is crucial for the success and wide adoption of SBEs. This research focuses on leveraging the recent advances in the IoT and related technologies to support user interactions with SBEs. We explore how to support a flexible, adaptive, and multimodal interaction experience between users and SBEs using a variety of user interfaces and proposed interaction techniques.

Product lifecycles are complex heterogeneous systems. Applying control methods to lifecycles requires significant human capital. Additionally, measuring lifecycles relies primarily on domain expertise and estimates. Presented in this dissertation is a way to semantically represent a product lifecycle as a cyber-physical system for enabling the application of control methods to the lifecycle. Control requires a model and no models exist currently that integrate each phase of lifecycles. The contribution is an integration framework that brings all phases and systems of a lifecycle together. First presented is a conceptual framework and technology innovation. Next, linking product lifecycle data dynamical is described and then how that linked data could be certified and traced for trustworthiness. After that, discussion is focused how the trusted linked data could be combined with machine learning to drive applications throughout the product lifecycle. Last, a case study is provided that integrates the framework and technology. Integrating all of this would enable efficient and effective measurements of the lifecycle to support prognostic and diagnostic control of that lifecycle and related decisions. / Ph. D. / The manufacturing sector is on a precipice to disruptive change that will signifcantly alter the way industrial organizations think, communicate, and interact. Industry has been chasing the dream of integrating and linking data across the product lifecycle and enterprises for decades. However, inexpensive and easy to implement technologies to integrate the people, processes, and things across various enterprises are still not available to the entire value stream. Industry needs technologies that use cyber-physical infrastructures efectively and efciently to collect and analyze data and information across an enterprise instead of a single domain of expertise. Meeting key technical needs would save over $100 billion annually in emerging advanced manufacturing sectors in the US. By enabling a systems-thinking approach, signifcant economic opportunities can be achieved through an industrial shift from paper-based processes to a digitally enabled model-based enterprise via the digital thread. The novel contribution of this dissertation is a verifed and validated integration framework, using trusted linked-data, that brings all phases and systems of the product lifecycle together. A technology agnostic approach was pursued for dynamically generating links. A demonstration is presented as a reference implementation using currently available technology. Requirements, models, and policies were explored for enabling product-data trustworthiness. All methods were developed around open, consensus-based standards to increase the likelihood of scalability. The expected outcome of this work is efcient and efective measurements of the lifecycle to support data-driven methods, specifcally related to knowledge building, decision support, requirements management, and control of the entire product lifecycle.

Yes / Smart cities can help in achieving UN SDG. This research carries out a comprehensive analysis of the role of smart cities on creating sustainable cities and communities, which is one of 17 UN sustainable goals. Current research focuses on number of aspect of sustainable environment such as renewable and green energy, energy efficiency, environmental monitoring, air quality, and water quality. This study provides a valuable synthesis of the relevant literature on smart cities by analysing and discussing the key findings from existing research on issues of smart cities in creating sustainable cities and communities. The findings of this study can provide an informative framework for research on smart cities for academics and practitioners.

A computational model is presented which predicts the force, stroke, and energy needed to overcome aerodynamic loads encountered by morphing wings during aircraft maneuvers. This low-cost model generates wing section shapes needed to follow a desired flight path, computes the resulting aerodynamic forces using a unique combination of conformal mapping and the vortex panel method, computes the longitudinal motion of the simulated aircraft, and closes the loop with a zero-error control law. The aerodynamic force prediction method has been verified against two more expensive codes. This overall model will be used to predict the performance of morphing wings and the requirements for the active material actuators in the wings. / Master of Science

Yes / Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) is a material which possesses advanced self-healing properties. Although the self-healing performance of ECC has been revealed in numerous studies, only small-scale, laboratory-size specimens have been used to assess it under fixed laboratory conditions and curing techniques. In order to evaluate the effect of intrinsic self-healing ability of ECC on the properties of structural-size, large-scale reinforced-beam members, specimens with four different shear span to effective depth (a/d) ratios, ranging from 1 to 4, were prepared to evaluate the effects of shear and flexural deformation. To ensure a realistic assessment, beams were cured using wet burlap, similar to on-site curing. Each beam was tested for mechanical properties including load-carrying capacity, deflection capacity, ductility ratio, yield stiffness, energy absorption capacity, and the influence of self-healing, by comparing types of failure and cracking. Self-healed test beams showed higher strength, energy absorption capacity and ductility ratio than damaged test beams. In test beams with an a/d ratio of 4 in which flexural behavior was prominent, self-healing application was highly successful; the strength, energy absorption capacity and ductility ratios of these beams achieved the level of undamaged beams. In addition, flexural cracks healed better, helping recover the properties of beams with predominantly flexural cracks rather than shear cracks. / The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance of the Scientific and Technical Research Council (TUBITAK) of Turkey provided under Project: MAG-112M876 and the Turkish Academy of Sciences, Young Scientist Award program. The second author would also like to acknowledge the financial support of TÜBITAK for the 2219 Scholarship.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

Examensarbetet Binary surfaces - ljusemitterande textiler för inredningssammanhang är ett undersökande arbete om hur fiberoptik kan användas i vävda strukturer. I arbetet har de parametrar som påverkar mötet mellan fiberoptik och väv, samt de möjligheter de tillsammans skapar utforskats. Resultatet är två exempel på tyger vävda med fiberoptik i kombination med mer traditionella textila material. Exemplen är framtagna för inredningssammanhang och visas som en rumsavdelare och som yttertyg på sittmöbler. / The thesis Binary surfaces - light-emitting textiles for an interior design context is an investigative work on how optical fibres can be used in woven structures. The work explores the different parameters that affect the interaction between optical fibres and weaving, and the possibilities they create together. The result is two examples of fabrics woven with optical fibres in combination with more traditional textile materials. The examples are designed for an interior context and are shown as a room divider and as outer fabric on seating furnishing.