Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDB_DISSERT.pdf: 1137270 bytes, checksum: 558407b63f2b998ab90dfd7537409987 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-17 / The presented research however has as object to apprehend the contribution of the Social Trust of Agricultural Youth in Is Jo?o of the Sabugi, in the individual and collective projects of life of the agricultural young. In it interests to know them which are the dreams and desires of these young, its relation with familiar agriculture, its desires of permanence in the field, as well as the relation of the trust with the fortalecimento of its projects of life. Thus, the general objective is to argue the contribution and influence of the Social Trust of Agricultural Youth in Is Jo?o of the Sabugi, in the individual and collective projects of life of the young of the city. The construction of the subject on agricultural youth to the contact with the land and the work in familiar agriculture were one strong expression identified in this research, exactly leading in consideration that nor all possess the desire to remain young agricultural , or at least young agriculturists. For the young, agricultural being is express through not only the contact with the agricultural work, but also the process of sociability, formation of affective bows, possibilities of new learnings, valuation of the agricultural way and its potentialities, of that the corporeal property and cultural is possible to be young in the agricultural way with access, historicamente denied / A pesquisa ora apresentada tem como objeto apreender a contribui??o do Cons?rcio Social da Juventude Rural em S?o Jo?o do Sabugi, nos projetos de vida individuais e coletivos dos jovens rurais. Nos interessa saber quais s?o os sonhos e desejos desses jovens, sua rela??o com a agricultura familiar, seus desejos de perman?ncia no campo, bem como a rela??o do cons?rcio com o fortalecimento dos seus projetos de vida. Assim, o objetivo geral ? discutir a contribui??o e influ?ncia do Cons?rcio Social da Juventude Rural em S?o Jo?o do Sabugi, nos projetos de vida individuais e coletivos dos jovens do munic?pio. A constru??o do tema juventude rural ligada ao contato com a terra e com o trabalho na agricultura familiar foi uma forte express?o identificada nessa pesquisa, mesmo levando em considera??o que nem todos possuem o desejo de permanecerem jovens rurais , ou pelo menos jovens agricultores. Para os jovens, ser rural ? expresso atrav?s n?o apenas do contato com o trabalho rural, mas tamb?m do processo de sociabilidade, forma??o de la?os afetivos, possibilidades de novos aprendizados, valoriza??o do meio rural e suas potencialidades, de que ? poss?vel ser jovem no meio rural com acesso a bens materiais e culturais, historicamente negados

While the literature on democracy and its relationship to trust provides little consensus regarding the role of trust, researchers have emphasized the importance of generalized trust over particularized in relation to democracy. This research marks a departure from this consensus, and exposes the neglected role of personal relationships in fostering successful democracy. One of the key measurements of democracy in a country is social trust. There are three forms of trust: generalized, particularized and institutional. Previously, the measurement of social trust focused on the importance of generalized trust, that is, trust in those we do not know (Putnam, 1993; Fukuyama, 1995, et. al). Generalized trust is marked as having the greatest benefits for democracy. Those who are generalized trusters have the will to bridge across ethnicities and join civic groups in larger numbers. Institutional trust is society's trust in its institutions. Countries ranking high on institutional trust are also believed to have positive democratic outcomes. By contrast, particularized trust is often dismissed because it is seen as highly atomizing and, therefore, incapable of making bridges to ethnic others resulting in a bankruptcy of democratic values. Thus, the combination of institutional and generalized trust has been the main crux of measurement and understanding in relation to a country's ability to democratize. The problem with this approach is two fold: first, it assumes the unidimensionality of trust and ultimately resigns a country of trusters to one category or the other with often negative impacts. The reality is, we are not solely one truster or the other: we are a combination of each form of trust. Secondly, this approach is Western in focus and does not account for the differentiation within cultures and is therefore unable to truly account for trust in a society. Nor does it account for new forms of trust and civil society in the new digital age. Recently, some questions about the legitimacy of this approach have surfaced and new methods have been employed to ascertain the true nature of social trust, however these methods have also fallen short (Gibson 2001; Bhary, et. al. 2005). Because trust is one measure used to determine the amount of democracy in a nation or the ability for it, accurate description is vital. Here, the author will take a new approach and focus on the importance of the often overlooked particularized trust, as well as control for the importance of institutionalized trust. Using Khodyakov's (2007) research on trust and the Soviet case as the launching pad, the author will empirically examine trust in the former Soviet Union today. Using the most recent World Values Survey data, a new trust variable will be constructed that will be better able to capture the true, dynamic nature of trust. Placing this new trust variable in a Bayesian hierarchical linear model which will control for country level variables, it will be revealed that particularized trust can and does have positive impacts on support for democracy, debunking current notions to the contrary.

Social trust is one of the building stones for democratic societies. It builds on mutual understanding of the collective commonly shared norms. However, how it associates to political trust on the individual level is still ambiguous, as such this paper hopes expand the knowledge of how it is related to political trust in Sweden on an individual level.  Aim: This paper aims to explore how political trust in Sweden relates to social trust. Furthermore, it aims to study how the relationship varies by educational attainment. Data and methods: This study has used ordinary least square (OLS) to estimate to what degree political trust associated with social trust. It has also in the regression analysis included an interaction term to see how political trust interacts with educational attainment. Results: It is hypothesized that higher levels of political trust are associated with higher levels of social trust. The result from this study finds significant results that higher levels of political trust are associated with higher levels of social trust. Indicating to a positive correlation. It is also hypothesized that higher educated would express stronger effect of political trust on social trust. The estimations showed no significant interaction term. The relationship between political trust and social trust does not vary by educational attainment. Discussion: This paper found that the first hypothesis was in line with the findings of previous research and theory. As such, it was confirmed. The second hypothesis was not in line with previous findings or theory and suggested that there is no interaction effect, at least not for Sweden. The differences in methods and how the contextual and institutional differences are handled in this study compared to previous studies are discussed and highlighted. These discussions are then culminated into a proposal for future research. / Social tillit är en av byggstenarna för demokratiska samhällen. Den bygger på ömsesidig förståelse för de kollektiva gemensamt delade normerna. Hur det associeras till politisk tillit på individnivå är dock fortfarande tvetydigt, och det är denna studies förhoppning att utöka kunskapen om hur den förhåller sig till politisk tillit i Sverige på individnivå.  Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur politisk tillit i Sverige förhåller sig till social tillit. Vidare syftar den till att studera hur sambandet varierar beroende på utbildningsnivå.  Data och metod: Denna studie har använt minsta kvadratmetoden för att uppskatta i vilken grad politisk tillit relaterar till social tillit. Det har också i regressionsanalysen inkluderats en interaktionsterm för att se hur politiskt tillit interagerar med utbildningsnivå. Resultat: Det hypotiseras att högre nivåer av politisk tillit är associerade med högre nivåer av social tillit. Resultatet från denna studie finner signifikanta resultat att högre nivåer av politisk tillit är associerade med högre nivåer av social tillit. Detta indikerar till en positiv korrelation. Det hypotiseras också att högre utbildade skulle uttrycka starkare effekt av politisk tillit på social tillit. Skattningarna visade ingen signifikant interaktionsterm. Förhållandet mellan politisk tillit och social tillit varierar inte beroende på utbildningsnivå. Diskussion: Denna uppsats fann att den första hypotesen var i linje med resultaten från tidigare forskning och teori. Som sådan bekräftades den. Den andra hypotesen var inte i linje med tidigare resultat eller teori och visade att det inte fanns någon interaktionseffekt, åtminstone inte för Sverige. Skillnaderna i metod och hur kontextuella och institutionella skillnader hanteras i denna studie jämfört med tidigare studier diskuteras och belyses. Dessa diskussioner mynnar sedan ut i förslag till framtida forskning.

One of the pillars of a democratic society is social trust. It strengthens the perception of group values and creates a social environment that may influence attitudes toward immigrants. This paper delves into the dynamics of frequent social interaction (FSI), attitudes towards immigrants (ATI), and the mediating role of social trust (ST). The research aims to investigate the connections that underpin the relationships within this democratic system in Sweden. Does social trust and frequent social interaction influence attitudes toward immigrants? This paper uses the European Social Survey (ESS), particularly the 2018-2019 Round 9, focusing on Sweden. Hayes Process Macro Model 4 simple mediation is used to regress and explore the relationship between these variables. The quantitative analysis result indicates that there were statistically significant relationships between FSI and ATI with the presence of social trust as the mediator. The research paper provided findings that are beneficial in the study of International Migration and Ethnic Relations (IMER) and added information on how attitudes toward immigrants influence Swedish society. Lastly, a proposal for future research is then discussed and concluded.

This paper investigates the impact of place-based identity on trust in international organizations and examines the role of civic engagement in reinforcing or mitigating these attitudes. In an era marked by global challenges and increasing polarization, trust in international organizations has become crucial for effective cooperation. Previous research has identified place-based identity as a fundamental social identity that influences out-group attitudes and plays a role in shaping civic engagement outcomes. Drawing on social identity theory and social capital theory, this study employs quantitative methods, utilizing ANES survey data conducted in the United States to explore the relationship between place-based identity and trust in international organizations. Focusing on the distinction between rural- and urban-identifying American citizens, the results reveal that rural-identifying individuals exhibit lower levels of trust in international organizations compared to their urban counterparts. These differences are characterized by marginal yet statistically significant effects. Furthermore, although the conditioning effect of civic engagement is not statistically significant, it provides intriguing insights that suggest it may reinforce the impact of place-based identity, potentially leading to negative effects on trust in civil society. These findings contribute to a broadened understanding of the interplay between identity and political attitudes, shedding light on the factors that influence them.

This research addresses the growing applications and impacts of AI-generated digital human avatars from software suites like HeyGen. By exploring the role of trust in mediating user interaction with such technology, this study establishes a basic hierarchical model which supports some foundational theories of human-computer interaction, while also calling into question some more recent theories and models previously used to evaluate avatar technology. By modeling user behavior and user preference through the lens of trust, this study is able to demonstrate how this emerging technology is similar to its predecessors and their relevant theories, while also establishing this technology as something distinctly new and largely untested. This research serves as an exploratory study, using notions of social presence, anthropomorphic design, social trust, technological trust, and human source-bias to separate this generation of AI Avatar technology from its predecessors, and determine what theories and models govern the use of this new technology. The findings from this study and their impacts on use-cases are then applied, speculating on prosocial as well as potentially unethical uses of such technology. Finally, this study problematizes the loss of “primary trust” that this technology may afford, highlighting the importance not only of continued research, but also rapid oversight in the deployment of this emerging technology.

Denna uppsats är en kvantitativ studie om 15-åringars tillit till statliga institutioner utifrån social position i samhället. Studien har genomförts genom en surveyundersökning i form av enkäter genomförda i klass nio i sex kommunala grundskolor i Stockholmsområdet. Studien syftar till att undersöka om det finns samband mellan social position och tillit där vi använder social position som ett samlingsbegrepp för faktorerna socioekonomisk status, klassbakgrund, invandrarbakgrund och kön. Resultaten visar att det går att se ett samband där ungdomar med en lägre social position hyser lägre tillit än ungdomar med en högre social position. Vi kan endast se kön som en faktor gällande den generella tillitsfrågan samt gällande upplevelsen av trygghet kvälls-/nattetid i närområdet. Där personer som definierar sig som kvinnor skattar lägre tillit och känner sig mindre trygga i mörkret än män. Analysen visar att det finns samband mellan tillitsgrad och bostadssegregation, förändringar i välfärdsstaten Sverige, föräldrarnas utbildningsbakgrund samt i vilken mån ungdomarna av sina föräldrar blivit rådda att inte lita på personer i allmänhet. Våra resultat har vi kommit fram till genom framförallt bivariata analyser i statistikprogrammet IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Resultaten har sedan analyserats med hjälp av teori om tillit, socialt kapital och intersektionalitet. De slutsatser vi kan dra av vår analys stämmer till stor del överens med tidigare forskning på ämnet. / This paper is a quantitative study, which examines 15-year-olds trust towards governmental institutions on the basis of social position in society. The study has been carried out through a survey in class nine in six public schools in the Stockholm region. The study aims to investigate whether there is connection between social position and trust, where we use social position as a generic term for socioeconomic status, class background, immigrant background and gender. The results show that it is possible to see a correlation between lower social position and lower trust and higher social position and higher trust. We can only see gender as a factor according to the general question of trust as well as the question of current experience of safety in the evening/at night in the surrounding area. Where people who define themselves as women perceive less trust and feel less safe in the dark than men. The analysis shows that there is connection between the levels of trust and residential segregation, changes in the welfare state, the parents ' educational background and the extent to which young people been advised by their parents not to trust people in general. The results has been analysed through bivariaty analysis in IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The conclusions we can draw from our analysis is to a large extent consistent with previous research on the topic.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and to explore how B2C e-commerce businesses could use social media marketing strategies to increase their consumers purchase intentions on their sites. Findings enabled the development and research of a comprehensive social media marketing system which includes a general set of components and tools aiming at increasing purchase intentions on such sites. The theoretical framework of the thesis is based on literature as well as previous studies of Social Media, Social Media Marketing, Social Media Marketing System, E-commerce, B2C, Social Commerce, S-commerce, Online Purchase Intentions, Trust and Social Trust. A conceptual framework was created and led the research method which used a convergent parallel mixed method design that includes gathering and analysing both qualitative and quantitative data. The data is gathered from potential users and clients of the system and led by the user-centered design (UCD) process. The obtained qualitative and quantitative data was analysed separately and then merged together by a side-by-side comparison. With the use of this approach, several ways businesses can increase consumers purchase intentions towards their B2C e-commerce site were discovered. Social media presence, published content, publishing frequency, content type, special sale promotions and social media friends are variables that have been found to be influential upon purchase intentions. The integration of a social media marketing system combined with these variables was found to be a successful tool for B2C e-commerce businesses wanting to increase consumers purchase intention through social media networks.

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Distributed systems like e-commerce and e-market places, peer-to-peer networks, social networks, and mobile ad hoc networks require cooperation among the participating entities to guarantee the formation and sustained existence of network services. The reliability of interactions among anonymous entities is a significant issue in such environments. The distributed entities establish connections to interact with others, which may include selfish and misbehaving entities and result in bad experiences. Therefore, trustworthiness evaluation using trust management techniques has become a significant issue in securing these environments to allow entities decide on the reliability and trustworthiness of other entities, besides it helps coping with defection problems and stimulating entities to cooperate. Recent models on evaluating trustworthiness in distributed systems have heavily focused on assessing trustworthiness of entities and isolate misbehaviours based on single trust metrics. Less effort has been put on the investigation of the subjective nature and differences in the way trustworthiness is perceived to produce a composite multidimensional trust metrics to overcome the limitation of considering single trust metric. In the light of this context, this thesis concerns the evaluation of entities’ trustworthiness by the design and investigation of trust metrics that are computed using multiple properties of trust and considering environment. Based on the concept of probabilistic theory of trust management technique, this thesis models trust systems and designs cooperation techniques to evaluate trustworthiness in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). A recommendation based trust model with multi-parameters filtering algorithm, and multidimensional metric based on social and QoS trust model are proposed to secure MANETs. Effectiveness of each of these models in evaluating trustworthiness and discovering misbehaving nodes prior to interactions, as well as their influence on the network performance has been investigated. The results of investigating both the trustworthiness evaluation and the network performance are promising.