The general purpose of this dissertation is to study the causes and the consequences of the formal structure of intake of potential social assistance clients at Swedish social welfare offices. The focus lies on the social welfare offices, their organizational framework and routines concerning intake. A focus on the formal structure of the intake may provide information about the importance of organization for people seeking help but also for the municipalities themselves. The data used in the analyses comes from two surveys of welfare offices augmented with register data. Study 1 examines the very first contact between social assistance inquirers and the social welfare offices. Telephone intake and first personal visits are documented and a considerable variation in the share of inquirers who received an appointment for further assessment was found. Considerable variation was also found in the share who were granted social assistance after the assessment during the personal visit. An examination of the offices’ intake routines and organization provided some indications that the unequal priority given to intake is an important explanation behind the variation. Study 2 analyzes the link between intake organization and the degree of selection taken place at telephone intakes by focusing on those inquirers not becoming clients. The relationship between intake organization and the social workers’ reasons for selection is examined and several selection strategies could be found. The results confirm the fact that Swedish municipalities have great autonomy in designing the social services and in addition show that offices within the same municipality may choose different organizational solutions. The aim of study 3 is to investigate how intake of social assistance inquirers is organized in Swedish municipalities and what factors determine intake organization. The results show that there are three different intake types. One of them, called special intake units, is distinct from the other two in that the intake staff has relatively high qualifications. Examining factors likely to affect the creation of special intake units, the results show that mainly professional and organizational factors related to the organization of work within the whole social assistance unit are important. The purpose of study 4 is to examine the connection between organizational factors and local social assistance expenditures in Swedish municipalities. The organization of the social assistance unit, in particular to the intake of social assistance inquirers, and its potential implication for local social assistance costs are emphasized. The results show a cost reducing effect of special intake units first when analyzed together with additional specialization and taking account for staff resources. Thus, specialized intake organization by itself does not play a cost reducing role, but in combination with certain other factors describing internal organization. In an introductory part the studies are located in a broader framework starting with a historical description of different strategies and classification systems traditionally used when distributing poor aid. The expansion of the welfare state changed the importance of a last safety net. Specific characteristics of public organizations administering social assistance are described and the legal framework is outlined focusing on the right to apply for social assistance is outlined. Different aspects of intake are then discussed: stages of the intake process, the organization of intake in Sweden and elsewhere, intake organization as a fashion, and possible functions of the intake. Finally, implications of the four studies with regard to access to benefit and the issue of specialization as well as further research are discussed.

Following the principle as caring PID (People In Need) actively, respecting the needs of PID and assisting PID who are elders, orphans and low income households with self-sufficiency, Social Assistance Program aims to ensure that their living standards are above the poverty line. However, officers (Li-clerks) and undertakers of social assistance section are indispensable to applications for social assistance because, in most cases, these public servants must be active to assist PID. The purpose of this study is to analyze how officers and undertakers of social assistance program perceive the Public Assistance Act and related social assistance laws and how they use discretionary behaviors on social assistance when facing applicants for low income households and encountering the problems which arise from the process of enforcements of social assistance policy. This study also intends to analyze how applicants for social assistance perceive the qualification check and whether or not the social assistance programs function effectively under the regulations of social assistance qualification system. Besides, this study chooses Chijin District in Kaohsiung city, where people receive relatively scarcer resources, to be the object of study and does in-depth interviews with officers, undertakers of social assistance programs and applicants for the qualification of low income households. Findings and suggestions come last. The main findings of this study are as follows, 1.The functional roles that officers and undertakers of social assistance section are supposed to do should be established. 2.Due to the qualification check under paper review, the assistance programs are unpractical. 3.The structure of administrative bureaucracy limits the access to social assistance services. 4.The regulations cannot regulate a changing society; the resilient discretional behavior can complement the ineffectiveness of regulations instead. 5.The social assistance resources from civil society could instantly assist PID, which could relieve the ineffectiveness of the qualification review system. 6.Assistances with subsidy in cash ignore the needs of each case. The following is the suggestions of this study, 1.Creating incentives as many as possible for PID being independent will help PID away from poverty. 2.The integration of governmental resources for social assistance and civil social assistance is important. 3.The regulation of social assistance should leave some spaces for appropriate discretion behaviors.

With the transformation of economic development and change of social structure, Taiwan is now facing the problem of M-social trend, the gap between the rich and poor. Disadvantaged minorities hence rely on social welfare polity to maintain basic needs for daily life. Village secretary¡¦s duty includes various tasks. The study, from the perspective of social assistance, explores the role function of village secretary on social assistance. Village secretary¡¦s role as social assistance has received much attention for that they should not only passively serve public, but also proactively uncover assist-required cases. In this study, Cijin District of Kaohsiung City is taken as subject for exploration. Cijin District has specific geography and environmental condition, such as inconvenient traffic and residents¡¦ living rely on ocean. It is also the district with the lowest income and highest rate of foreign spouse in Kaohsiung, hence require more social welfare then any other districts. The purpose of the study is to investigate the administrative behavior that promote social assistance from policy and implement perspectives. Issues such as factors that affect village secretary¡¦s qualification examination procedures and discovery of social assistance examination systems are also discussed as reference for further policy implementation. The research method of the study includes system research, literature review and focus group. At the end, it is suggested that secretary function to be strengthened and concrete solution to be proposed as the reference for government to examine social assistance welfare policy, so that disadvantage minorities¡¦ actual need could be fulfilled.

Kiekvienos tautos gyvenime be galo svarbi vieta tenka mokyklai, žmonių išsilavinimo lygiui. Išsilavinimas reikalingas ne tik asmenybės ugdymui, bet ir valstybės gerovei užtikrinti. Švietimas - tai veikla, kuria siekiama suteikti asmeniui visaverčio savarankiško gyvenimo pagrindus ir padėti jam nuolat tobulinti savo gebėjimus. Sėkmingam vaikų mokymuisi didelę įtaką daro teisingas auklėjimas, visapusis tėvų bei visuomenės rūpinamasis vaikais. Dažniausia tėvai nori, kad jų vaikai sėkmingai mokytųsi mokykloje, daug pasiektų gyvenime, kad būtų savimi pasitikintys, patenkinti ir atsparūs gyvenimo mestiems iššūkiams. Mokymosi motyvaciją stiprina tėvai, mokykla bei glaudus tėvų, pedagogų ir mokyklos administracijos bendradarbiavimas. Į mokyklą vaikas patenka iš šeimos ir tai - jo antri namai, jo šeima. / The topic of the Master thesis is „ Social assistance for students solving problems of school attendance: the comparative analysis of school attendance in Lithuania and Poland“. The objective of this work is to investigate and to prove the importance of organizing social assistance in schools. The research was conducted using questionnaires and it is illustrated with diagrams. The aim of the research was to compare organizing social assistance in Lithuanian and Polish schools, to analyse documents and different forms of social assistance rendering in two countries. The educational – psychological characteristics of teenagers as well as the reasons of their being reluctant to study are also presented. The importance and the influence on improving the school attendance of social assistance are also analysed here. Students and teachers were given questionnaires with questions about the quality of relationskip among students and their classmates and students and teachers as well as the influence of harmful habits on the attendance of school. Questions about forms of cooperation among class teachers and parents were also included. The attendance of school in both countries is summarised and compared in the conclusion.

This essay studies the immigrant’s probability to participate in social assistance compared to natives and if there any assimilation effect. A linear probability model is used to get the result. The result show that immigrant have a higher likelihood of participating in social assistance compared to natives. The result shows that the probability differs between regions of birth and between refugees and non-refugees, with a higher probability for immigrants from the Middle east and refugees. Previous Swedish studies have not added language skill in Swedish to their models but in this essay, language skill in Swedish variable is included, it shows that the probability reduces if the immigrants know Swedish. There is no assimilation effect on immigrants as a group but there is evidence of assimilation when immigrant gets divided into regions, education level and refugees.

O presente trabalho tem como foco a descentralização enquanto um dos pilares da gestão proposta pelo Sistema Único da Assistência Social / SUAS, no âmbito da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS 2004). Trata-se de uma análise do processo que se inaugura com a descentralização fiscal promulgada pela Constituição de 1988 no âmbito específico da Política de Assistência Social, elegendo o Centro de Referência da Assistência Social enquanto ponto de partida para se aferir tal estudo, entendendo-o à luz da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS, 2004) como unidade central de referência à territorialidade no âmbito dos municípios. / The present work focuses on decentralization as one of the pillars of management proposed by Sistema Único da Assistência Social / SUAS, scope of the Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS 2004). This is a job analysis process which begins with the fiscal decentralization enacted by the 1988 Constitution in specific the Social Assistance Politics, electing the Reference Center for Social Assistance as a starting point to assess this study, understood in the light of the Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS, 2004) as the central reference to the territoriality scope of the municipalities.

O presente trabalho tem como foco a descentralização enquanto um dos pilares da gestão proposta pelo Sistema Único da Assistência Social / SUAS, no âmbito da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS 2004). Trata-se de uma análise do processo que se inaugura com a descentralização fiscal promulgada pela Constituição de 1988 no âmbito específico da Política de Assistência Social, elegendo o Centro de Referência da Assistência Social enquanto ponto de partida para se aferir tal estudo, entendendo-o à luz da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS, 2004) como unidade central de referência à territorialidade no âmbito dos municípios. / The present work focuses on decentralization as one of the pillars of management proposed by Sistema Único da Assistência Social / SUAS, scope of the Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS 2004). This is a job analysis process which begins with the fiscal decentralization enacted by the 1988 Constitution in specific the Social Assistance Politics, electing the Reference Center for Social Assistance as a starting point to assess this study, understood in the light of the Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS, 2004) as the central reference to the territoriality scope of the municipalities.

Topic of the thesis is to clarify the aims of living and values of the handicapped people. In the theoretical part the work deals with definitions of the basic terms related to a corporal defect, course and model of crisis as a radical change regarding physical image of human being, it highlights the main crisis starter, thus stress, and emphasizes the factors which have the greatest effect on mental state of the handicapped patient. Also, this work refers to sources of one{\crq}s reason for living, right to life and possibilities of social assistance for the handicapped. The empirical part is focused to find out in what extent the handicapped people experience their life as a meaningful, in what extent they are satisfied with their life and what values they prefer.

O Espaço Urbano é um elemento cada vez mais central na reprodução da acumulação capitalista, pois além da sua produção se configurar atualmente como momento preferencial da realização da acumulação do capital financeiro, ela gera as formas e estruturas necessárias para promover ou até gerar uma dada economia, sendo ainda arquitetado para induzir comportamentos e usos a fim de encerrar em si o cotidiano, programando-o. Nesse sentido, a produção do espaço é cercada de inúmeras estratégias para que ocorra. Nesse trabalho analisamos uma delas, o assistencialismo, que de uma forma muito tênue, além de exercer um papel fundamental nos processos de reestruturação espacial, ainda pode desempenhar a função de organizar a sociabilidade do novo espaço urbano produzido. / The urban space is an increasingly central element in the reproduction of capitalist accumulation, because, besides its production is currently set as the preferred time of completion of the accumulation of financial capital, it generates the forms and structures needed to promote or even generate an economy and is also architected to induce behaviors and practices in order to close itself everyday, scheduling it. Thus, the production of space is surrounded by numerous strategies to occur. In this paper we analyze one of them, welfarism, that in a very small way, and play a key role in the processes of spatial restructuring, can still play the role of organizing the sociability of new urban space produced.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-01T17:34:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) LEITE, S, S - Dissertação de Mestrado - 2013.pdf: 1926842 bytes, checksum: 88836c854c84c6018d77c2cccbdfd82f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T17:34:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) LEITE, S, S - Dissertação de Mestrado - 2013.pdf: 1926842 bytes, checksum: 88836c854c84c6018d77c2cccbdfd82f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / CAPES / Esta dissertação tem por objeto a assistência social na conjuntura brasileira recente. Tratase de um trabalho que pretende avançar no descortinamento dos determinantes e determinações que envolvem a expansão da assistência social na atualidade do Brasil. Objetiva portanto analisar as particularidades e tendências dessa política social no âmbito dos governos Lula. Para tanto, o processo investigativo privilegiou a realização de revisão bibliográfica acerca da temática da assistência, bem como a utilização de dados secundários apreendidos nos relatórios resultantes das conferências nacionais de assistência social realizadas no período referido. Destes últimos documentos foram analisados tanto os discursos governamentais proferidos no espaço das conferências, quanto as deliberações daí advindas para a área da assistência social. Também outros documentos, entre os quais, alguns oficiais dessa política social construídos nas gestões do governo Lula, compuseram o material investigativo dessa pesquisa (destaca-se aí a Política Nacional de Assistência Social e a Norma Operacional Básica do Sistema Único de Assistência Social). Os dados da investigação, avaliados a luz da perspectiva teórico-metodológica que concebe a realidade como lócus central de desvendamento do real, sendo este uma totalidade complexa, possibilitaram chegar aos seguintes resultados: a assistência social na conjuntura analisada manteve um substrato fortemente atrelado à perspectiva burguesa, presente tanto em algumas diretrizes teóricas, como na lógica das ações dessa política social. Contracena com essa constatação a recorrência da afirmação da assistência como direito social, sendo esta concepção defendida tanto a título de deliberação das conferências nacionais de assistência realizadas no governo Lula, como nos pronunciamentos governamentais analisados e, constantemente vinculada ao debate do enfrentamento da pobreza e da conformação de um novo “Estado social” no Brasil, embora tais discursos sejam também repletos de contradições por vezes reforçadoras de um viés conservador para a referida política social. Tais resultados, considerados a partir da sua inserção numa totalidade social, acenaram para a conclusão de que a assistência social assumiu nos governos Lula um papel de grande relevância na conformação da dominância burguesa, atrelada a uma ideologia de desenvolvimento que compatibiliza crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento social, estando implicados nesse processo tanto a utilização do potencial dessa política (principalmente dos seus programas de transferência de renda) para a consagração de um mercado consumidor interno, quanto para a passivização dos segmentos mais pauperizados da classe trabalhadora brasileira. / This dissertation has by object the social assistance in the conjuncture brazilian recent. It treats of a work that pretends to advance in the unveiling of the determinants and determinations that wrap the expansion of the social assistance in the actuality of Brazil. Objective therefore analyse the peculiarities and tendencies of this social politics in the field of the governments Lula. For so much, the process investigativo privileged the achievement of review bibliographic about the thematic of the assistance, as well as the utilisation of secondary data confiscated in the resultant reports of the national conferences of social assistance realised in the period referred. Of these last documents were analysed so much the governmental speeches proferidos in the space of the conferences, what the deliberations from here advindas for the area of the social assistance. Also other documents, between which, some officials of this social politics built in the managements of the government Lula, They composed the material investigative of this investigation (stands out here the National Politics of Social Assistance and the Basic Operational Norm of the Only System of Social Assistance. The data of the investigation, evaluated the light of the theoretical perspective-methodological that conceives the reality like lócus centrical of unveiling of the real, Being this a complex whole, made possible to arrive to the following results: The social assistance in the conjuncture analysed kept a substrate strongly atrelado to the perspective bourgeois, present so much in some theoretical guidelines, as in the logic of the actions of this social politics. contrascene With this finding the recorrência of the affirmation of the assistance like social, Being this conception defended so much to title of deliberations of the national conferences of assistance performed in the government Lula, as in the pronouncements governmental analysed an Constantly linked to the debate of the clash of the poverty and of the forming of a new “social State” in Brazil, although such speeches are also full of contradictions by times reinforcing of a viés conservative for the referred social politics. Such results, considered from his insertion in a social whole, waved for the conclusion that the social assistance it assumed in the governments Lula a paper of big importance in the forming of the dominance bourgeois, linked to an ideology of development that makes compatible economic growth and social development, being involved in this process so much the use of the potential of this politics (mainly of his programs of transfer of income) for the consecration of a market internal consume how much for the passivating of the segments more pauperized of the Brazilian hard-working class.