La survie de nos ancêtres dépendait grandement de leurs relations sociales. Selon une approche évolutionniste, la fonction de la honte est de réduire les risques de perdre en valeur sociale. Cependant, d’autres théories maintiennent que la honte n’est pas fonctionnelle : elle est liée à un mauvais ajustement psychologique (ex., dépression et agressivité). Il est supposé que les deux théories puissent être réconciliées sous un acompte fonctionnel : être honteux peut être avantageux dans certains contextes (quand une transgression est commise), et peut être couteux dans d’autres (en absence de transgression). Les participants (n = 294, Mâge = 42, ÉT = 13.423) sont assignés au hasard à une vignette décrivant soit un acteur commettant une transgression (ex., voler de l’argent ou insulter un collègue) ou aucune transgression, puis ils voient une photo de l’acteur montrant soit de la honte ou aucune émotion. Ensuite ils évaluent l’acteur sur 17 items incluant des traits désirables (amical) et des traits indésirables (égoïste). Suite à une analyse factorielle exploratoire, les items sont regroupés sous deux dimensions (évaluation bénigne et absence de traits indésirables) afin de simplifier les analyses statistiques. L’hypothèse n’est pas soutenue : les acteurs honteux reçoivent des scores plus bas sur l’évaluation bénigne et l’absence de traits indésirables indépendamment de la présence ou absence d’une transgression. Cependant, des analyses supplémentaires suggèrent que les conséquences de montrer de la honte sont plus complexes. Davantage de recherches sont nécessaire afin d’examiner si exprimer de la honte est encore fonctionnel aujourd’hui. / Our ancestors’ survival greatly depended on their social relationships. According to an evolutionary perspective, shame’s function is to reduce the likelihood of losing social value in the eyes of fellow group members; however, certain accounts hold that shame may not be functional: it is related to psychological maladjustment (ex., depression and aggression). It is hypothesized that the two views are not conflicting; they can be reunited under a functional account. In other words, being shameful is beneficial under certain conditions (when a transgression is known to others) and costly under other conditions (when no transgression has been committed). Participants (n = 294, Mage = 42, SD = 13.423) were randomly assigned to read a vignette describing a transgression (stealing money or insulting a colleague) or no transgression, then exposed to a photo of an actor displaying either shame or no emotion, and then they rated the actor on 17 items including desirable traits (ex., friendly) and undesirable traits (ex., selfish). Through an exploratory factorial analysis, items were grouped into two factors (benign evaluations and absence of undesirable traits) in order to simplify statistical analyses. The hypothesis was not supported: shameful actors received lower scores on benign evaluations and absence of undesirable traits regardless of the presence or absence of a transgression. However, further analyses indicate that the consequences of displaying shame are more complex. These results suggest more research is necessary to examine whether the shame display remains functional today.

Studien syftar till att undersöka människors upplevelser av ångestproblematik samt deras erfarenheter av stöd från omgivning, arbetsplats samt hälso-och sjukvård. Teorier som användes för att förstå och förklara individens upplevelser var kristeori samt det salutogena perspektivet/ KASAM. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex kvinnor som drabbats av ångestproblematik och varit sjukskrivna på grund av denna problematik. Studiens resultat visar att respondenterna upplever ångestproblematiken som orsakad av traumatiserande händelser eller långvarig psykisk belastning. Utifrån deras berättelser framgår att ångesten har en betydande inverkan på de flesta aspekter av deras liv – sociala relationer, arbete, fritid och vardagssysslor. Stöd att hantera ångestproblematiken har respondenterna främst hämtat genom professionellt samtalsstöd, men även stöd från närstående, vänner och arbetsplats har varit viktigt för dem och påverkat deras välbefinnande. Majoriteten av respondenterna upplever sig har blivit hindrade att få stöd från hälso-och sjukvård när de har behövt det, vilket har förvärrat deras ångestproblematik. I studiens slutsats diskuteras risken för ytterligare negativa konsekvenser, som följd av bristen på stöd. / The aim of this study is to examine the individual experience of anxiety as well as the support given by family, friends, workplace and the health care system. The theories used to understand and explain the experiences was crisis theory as well as the salutogenic model/Sence of Coherence (SOC). Semi structured interviews were conducted with six women suffering from anxiety. The results of the study show that the respondents relate the anxiety to traumatic events or prolonged mental stress. Their narratives indicate that the anxiety has had a substantial negative effect on most aspects of their lives – social relationships, work , hobbies and everyday chores.  The results also show that the respondents have experienced valuable support to deal and cope with the anxiety, mainly through psychotherapy, but also from family, friends and workplace. The experience of the majority of the respondents is that they have been denied support from the health care system when they have needed it, which has made the anxiety worse. In the conclusion of the study, further negative consequences for the individual as well as society, due to lack of support, are discussed.

The objective of the thesis is to collect and analyze a set of persons injured in road traffic accidents in 2009 in České Budějovice district and to describe the health and social consequences of accidents, in particular extents of injuries, paid sick days, the time of treatment and permanent accidental disability. Based on the objective the following hypothesis was stated: "Traffic accidents have serious health and social consequences". The research was conducted by using the secondary data analysis method with the use of medial records of the traumatology department patients of České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. A part of the research was a questionnaire containing questions, aiming at the confirmation or rejection of the stated hypothesis, on the basis of which it was possible to categorize persons injured in traffic accidents, to determine whether the injuries have left a permanent accidental disability, and if so, which, and whether the injured person has received a disability pension. The examined set included 52 patients hospitalized at the traumatology department of České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. with injuries sustained in traffic accidents, who filled in the questionnaires, form the original number of hundred patients with the longest period of hospitalization and therefore the heaviest anticipated consequences, who were sent the questionnaires. The following numbers and percentages mentioned are always related to individual age categories. In the age category under 20 years of age 1 men, i.e. 4% of men, and 2 women, i.e.15% of women got a permanent disability, in the category 21-35 years of age 12 men, i.e. 43% of men and 6 women, i.e. 46% of women got a permanent disability, in the category 36-50 years of age only 7 men, i.e. 25% of men and no woman got a permanent disability, in the category over 50 years of age 8 men, i.e. 29% of men and 5 women, i.e. 38% of women got a permanent disability. In the age category under 20 years of age there were no men who receive a disability pension, only 1 female, i.e. 14% of women in the category 21-35 years of age 4 men, i.e. 27% of men and 3 women, i.e. 43% women receive a disability pension, in the category 36-50 years of age only 6 men, i.e. 40% of men got a disability pension, and no women, in the category above 50 years of age 5 men, i.e. 33% of men and 3 women, i.e. 43% of women got a disability pension. The objective of the diploma thesis to collect and analyze a set of persons injured in traffic accidents in České Budějovice district in the year 2009 was met through the carried out research. Based on the findings, it may be stated that the hypothesis: "Traffic accidents have serious health and social consequences? was confirmed.

The aim of the diploma thesis entitled Compensatory mechanisms in adults with Asperger's syndrome is to answer the main research question: What compensatory mechanisms do adults with Asperger's syndrome use during integration into society and what social consequences do they face? The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and research. The theoretical part presents readers with expertise from Czech and foreign publications. The introductory part deals with the characteristic of Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Asperger's syndromem (AS), etiology and interesting myths about the development of autism spectrum disorders. The following chapters provide information on the integration of adults with AS into society, possible barriers to social integration and social skills training that can be supported by social workers. The next chapters present a long-term prognosis, compensation mechanisms and their possible social consequences. The research part of the thesis focuses mainly on the collection and analysis of data oriented according to some elements of constructivist grounded theory (GTM). Interpretative qualitative research of the diploma thesis is realized through semi-structured interviews with adults with Asperger's syndrome and also with social workers from one organization,...

The process of natural gas recovery by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking, is a major scientific advance in unconventional energy development. Attention has largely been focused on its economic advantages and potential negative environmental repercussions, while less consideration given to its social dimensions. The purpose of this study was to explore the social consequences of fracking for communities in the Appalachian Basin's Marcellus shale. Research questions focused on the role of stakeholders and the resource needs of localities in shaping public policy. This study was guided by the tenets of the Boomtown theory along with key issues in fracking research such as environmental impacts, water resources, public health and safety, economics, and ethical concerns. An embedded case study research design was employed, using a purposive sample of 8 economic and policy subject matter experts from the 3 most prolific drilling counties in Pennsylvania. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using open and axial coding with cross-case comparison. Results suggested that positive economic social consequences of fracking involved sustainability in providing generational and employment stability. Negative consequences, such as traffic, damaged infrastructure, and housing shortages, were temporary and manageable. Logistical and demographic information were valuable resources for community leadership, and stakeholders favored autonomy in decision making. The implications for social change include informing policy makers how to prepare the local workforce to be adaptable, establish sufficient infrastructure to support change, and educate communities to leverage opportunity in advance of new industry.

<p>Studies concerning social consequences, gastrointestinal and urinary tract symptoms were conducted in a population-based cohort comprising patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes and matched control persons. Three different questionnaires were sent by mail to diabetic patients and control persons. After a mean duration of 28.7±2.6 years, compared to the controls the diabetic patients showed an almost 10 times higher mortality, a lower employment rate and greater need for welfare benefits. These differences were mainly due to diabetic late complications. Education, housing conditions, life-style, civil state, alcohol and smoking habits were similar in the two groups. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms was significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in the controls, and this was found to be attributable to the female diabetic patients. Female diabetic patients had been treated with antibiotics for urinary tract infections more often than controls, they experienced more social problems than controls in daily life because of urinary tract problems and used clamps to prevent wetting more often than did controls. </p><p>Body composition and bone mineral density were evaluated in parts of the cohort with long-standing type 1 diabetes and control persons in another population-based cohort comprising diabetic females aged 16-19 years with type 1 diabetes since childhood and matched controls. Besides a tendency to reduced abdominal fat mass in diabetic males, no difference was observed in fat mass, muscle mass or bone mineral density between the patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes and controls. Significant correlations were found between insulin dosage and whole body fat mass in diabetic females and between serum cholesterol levels and abdominal fat mass in diabetic males. The female adolescents had a higher body mass index than the controls, and their overweight was shown to consist almost entirely of an increased fat mass. The distribution of fat, expressed as abdominal-to-leg ratio, correlated significantly to HbA1c and daily dosage of insulin. Bone mineral density did not differ between the groups. IGF I was significantly lower both in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes and in the adolescent diabetic females compared with their matched controls.</p>

Studies concerning social consequences, gastrointestinal and urinary tract symptoms were conducted in a population-based cohort comprising patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes and matched control persons. Three different questionnaires were sent by mail to diabetic patients and control persons. After a mean duration of 28.7±2.6 years, compared to the controls the diabetic patients showed an almost 10 times higher mortality, a lower employment rate and greater need for welfare benefits. These differences were mainly due to diabetic late complications. Education, housing conditions, life-style, civil state, alcohol and smoking habits were similar in the two groups. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms was significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in the controls, and this was found to be attributable to the female diabetic patients. Female diabetic patients had been treated with antibiotics for urinary tract infections more often than controls, they experienced more social problems than controls in daily life because of urinary tract problems and used clamps to prevent wetting more often than did controls. Body composition and bone mineral density were evaluated in parts of the cohort with long-standing type 1 diabetes and control persons in another population-based cohort comprising diabetic females aged 16-19 years with type 1 diabetes since childhood and matched controls. Besides a tendency to reduced abdominal fat mass in diabetic males, no difference was observed in fat mass, muscle mass or bone mineral density between the patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes and controls. Significant correlations were found between insulin dosage and whole body fat mass in diabetic females and between serum cholesterol levels and abdominal fat mass in diabetic males. The female adolescents had a higher body mass index than the controls, and their overweight was shown to consist almost entirely of an increased fat mass. The distribution of fat, expressed as abdominal-to-leg ratio, correlated significantly to HbA1c and daily dosage of insulin. Bone mineral density did not differ between the groups. IGF I was significantly lower both in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes and in the adolescent diabetic females compared with their matched controls.

Cette recherche porte sur les conséquences sociales, au Québec, de la maladie cœliaque et des allergies alimentaires. Elle vise à expliquer et comprendre comment la maladie cœliaque et les allergies alimentaires influencent les relations sociales, les activités sociales et les perceptions des personnes qui vivent avec ces conditions, ainsi que celles de leurs proches. Pour ce faire, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été effectuées auprès de 11 participants qui étaient soit cœliaque, allergique ou membre de l’entourage. Durant ces entrevues, il a été question de diagnostic, d’accidents alimentaires, d’accessibilité, d’activités amicales, de la réaction et de l’adaptation de la famille, de perceptions et de relations amoureuses. Une comparaison, entre les expériences des cœliaques et des allergiques, est réalisée suite à la description celles-ci. Les données d’entrevues ont été analysées avec le concept d’habitus de Bourdieu (1980), les concepts d’agency et de règles de Giddens (1979), les concepts d’exclusion et d’identité ainsi qu’avec les différentes définitions de la maladie et une échelle de gravité des perceptions. De cette recherche, on notera que les perceptions de la maladie sont différentes chez les cœliaques et les allergiques. La maladie cœliaque tend à être moins prise en charge par les professionnels de la santé et être considérée avec moins de sérieux, par les cœliaques et la population générale, que les allergies alimentaires. Les deux conditions amènent une modification de l’habitus et une période d’adaptation. Par contre, cet exercice semble être plus difficile et complexe pour les cœliaques que les allergiques, dû à l’âge où la condition est découverte. Dépendant de la souplesse de l’habitus individuel et de groupe, la confrontation à cette reformulation de l’habitus se produira plus ou moins bien. Dans le cas où la confrontation prend une tangente négative, il en découlera une désapprobation sociale ou un déni personnel qui mènera à l’exclusion. La littérature indique généralement que la qualité de vie des cœliaques et des allergiques diminue progressivement avec le temps, entraînant des conséquences négatives au niveau social, émotif et physique. Mes participants semblent, toutefois, bien vivre avec leur condition respective puisqu’ils profitent d’un bon support de la part de leur entourage. / This research is about the social consequences, in Québec, of the celiac disease and food allergies. Its aim is to bring an explanation and a better understanding of how celiac disease and food allergies influence the social relations, the social activities and the perceptions of the people that are living with those conditions and their close relations. With this aim in mind, semi-directed interviews were carried out with 11 participants that were either celiac, allergic or near relations. During these interviews, diagnostic, food accidents, accessibility, activities with friends, the family’s reaction and adaptation, perceptions and relationships were the main topics that were discussed. The experiences of the people living with celiac disease (CD) or food allergies (FA) were compared following their description. The data stemming from the interviews was analysed by using Bourdieu’s habitus concept (1980), Giddens’s concepts of agency and rules (1979), concepts of exclusion and identity as well as the definitions of sickness, illness and disease and a gravity scale of perceptions. From this research will be noticed that perception of illness is different for the people living with CD than those living with FA. CD tends to be taken less in charge by health professionals and to be taken with less seriousness, by people living with CD and the general population, than FA are. Both conditions lead to a modification of habitus and an adaptation phase. Nevertheless, these changes seem to be harder to deal with and more complex for people living with CD than for people living with FA because of the age period where the condition was revealed. Depending on the flexibility of the individual and group habitus, the confrontation to the recasting of habitus will go more or less well. If the confrontation is more on the negative side of the spectrum, social disapproval or personal denial will take place, leading to exclusion. The literature generally shows that the quality of life for people living with CD and FA gradually diminishes over time, bringing negative social, emotional and physical consequences. My participants, however, are apparently living well with their respective conditions because they benefit from a good support of their peers.

No description available.

ADHD is often considered a boy's diagnosis, but girls are as likely as boys to bear the symptoms. This requires knowledge among social workers to prevent girls from being stigmatized and create destructive strategies with social consequences. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyses women´s experiences of living with ADHD and to understand the social consequences and adaptation strategies women use from a life course perspective. This qualitative study is based on autobiographies and blogs to provide answers to the research question. It appears that the women suffer from internalized symptoms that often go unnoticed and are noticed only when women's self-esteem is damaged, as they are no longer able to hold together and destructive strategies such as self-harm, eating disorders and addiction are developed. Like boys from whom the diagnostic template is structured, it also appears that the girls have symptoms such as lack of consistency, impulsivity and difficulty in keeping concentration, however, it appears that girls do not have acting out behavior as boys. The results in this study show that girls often were diagnosed in high age, which is often when they are adult women. It appears that the women experience a redress, belonging and relief once the diagnosis takes place. Not all women in the study have experienced that their difficulties have been noticed, but instead they have been identified as deviant by their surroundings.