The relationship between measures of temperament, growth performance, and social hierarchy in finishing beef cattle were explored in two experiments. In experiment 1, high OCS (objective chute score) steers had periods of significantly higher ADG (P < 0.01), but OCS had no relationship with dominance ranking (P > 0.47). Conversely, slow exit velocity (EV) correlated with higher ranking (P ≤ 0.06), but EV had no relationship with performance (P > 0.37) in a competitive environment. Rank showed no relationship with performance (P > .58). In experiment 2, steers with fast EV had periods of decreased growth (P ≤ .06), intake (P ≤ .06), and gain:feed (G:F; P = 0.02). There were no interactions between EV, OCS, and monensin or between EV and monensin. Monensin and EV together, however, significantly impacted overall (days 0 – end) G:F (P = 0.02) and gain (P = 0.05). Overall, these studies further confirm the idea that EV affects performance as does OCS in concert with monensin. Moreover, it further confirms that different measures of temperament correlated to different aspects of performance and should not be lumped together under the general term “temperament” when describing its relationship with performance.

The Myth of the Old South, like all myths, contains some elements of truth, but like all myths, it contains some things that are not true. Faulkner has used those parts of the Myth that are true, but he has repudiated and in many cases destroyed those parts of the Myth which he has found to be the product of imagination rather than history.

Efetuamos uma aproximação (nem tanto exaustiva, mas buscando certos fundamentos e dissensões em cada caso) entre a enorme produção da sociologia francesa sobre o tema juventude e o aumento mais recente dos debates e publicações nesse domínio de pesquisa no Brasil. Muitas questões adensaram-se diante de nós, o que contribuiu para delinearmos o passo seguinte da investigação: o fortalecimento de um paradigma individualista em segmentos da sociologia, significativamente atrelado às manifestações juvenis contemporâneas. A partir de dois estudos de caso realizados no estado de Goiás, com vinte jovens de classes populares, destacamos, contudo, que, em se tratanto de sociedades mais hierarquizadas, como a brasilera, cujos processos históricos mais específicos forjaram, nos meandros da lei, das instituições e das percepções sociais, uma modalidade específica de indivíduo, o indivíduo restrito, pautada em um conceito igualmente estreito de cidadania, é necessário ponderar os problemas e as dificuldades de se limitar a análise sociológica aos artefatos subjetivos, sob o risco de se perder de vista a interdependência imanente entre o todo e as partes. Para isso, concentramos a reflexão nas vicissitudes do mercado de trabalho, seus antigos e novos percalços, sua configuração mais recente em cada contexto. Essa dimensão, central quando se trata das novas gerações, expõe mais diretamente os conflitos sociais prementes, forçando outras considerações sobre as trajetórias biográficas, opiniões, experiências e percepções individuais. Por essa via, pensamos ser possível, então, expor os nexos entre os inúmeros indivíduos, com vistas a compreender e a problematizar a intricada paisagem encoberta pela reclusão analítica nas unidades sociais. / We approach (not so exhaustively, but looking for some fundations and divisions in each case) the massive production of French sociology on \"youth\" and the latest increase of debates and publications in this field of research in Brazil. Many questions thickened in front of us, which helped to shape the next step of the research: the strengthening of an \"individualistic\" paradigm in segments of sociology significantly linked to juvenile contemporary manifestations. From two case studies conducted in the state of Goiás, with twenty young people from lower social classes, we emphasize, however, that it is necessary to consider the problems and the difficulties in limiting the sociological analysis to the subjective artifacts, at the risk of losing sight of the inherent interdependence between \"whole\" and \"parts\". And this especially for the case of more hierarchical societies, such as Brazil, which forged in its specific historical processes (demonstrated by the intricacies of the law, institutions and social perceptions) a kind of \"individual\", the individual restricted, according to an equally strict concept of \"citizenship\". For this, we focus the discussion on the vicissitudes of the labor market, its ancient and new obstacles and its latest configuration in each context. This dimension (central in dealing with new generations) reveals more directly the main social conflicts, forcing further considerations on the biographical trajectories, opinions, experiences and individual perceptions. In this way, we can then expose the nexus among individuals, in order to understand and discuss the intricate landscape shrouded by imprisonment in the analysis of social units.

En dépit d’un discours social égalitariste, la pratique d’une activité professionnelle, de loisir, ou sportive contraire aux stéréotypes de genre entraîne toujours de la désapprobation de la part d’autrui (Schmalz, Kerstetter, & Anderson, 2008). L’objectif de ce travail doctoral est de mettre en évidence que nos jugements sur le genre et sur le sexe des personnes sont davantage influencés par la hiérarchie sociale qui existe entre les sexes, que par le contexte. Cette thèse avance, dans une première partie, qu’à une asymétrie sociale correspond une asymétrie cognitive quant aux jugements émis à propos du genre des personnes. Pour les hommes, seule la dimension « féminine » varie selon le type d’activité pratiquée, alors que pour les femmes, le changement est constaté sur les deux dimensions : masculine et féminine. Le même constat peut être fait lors de tâches liées à la catégorisation de sexe. En allant plus loin, à l’aide d’une mesure en temps réelle (Mouse-Tracking, Freeman & Ambady, 2010), nous mettons en évidence dans une deuxième partie une asymétrie motrice dans le processus de catégorisation qui serait le reflet de l’asymétrie cognitive constatée précédemment. Ce résultat renforce l’idée que l’homme peut être considéré comme le groupe dominant : les jugements le concernant ne dépendent pas du contexte, alors qu’à l’inverse, nous observons que les jugements sur les femmes (i.e., le groupe dominé) sont davantage influencés par le contexte. Pour finir, nous explorons l’hypothèse que l’influence de la hiérarchie sociale serait marquée au niveau fonctionnel. En conclusion, ce travail doctoral soutient l’idée que nos jugements sur les hommes et les femmes ne sont pas seulement influencés par le contexte, mais aussi par la position sociale des individus. / Despite efforts toward equality, the participation in a professional activity, recreational or sport contrary to gender stereotypes always involves of disapproval from others (Schmalz, Kerstetter, & Anderson, 2008). The objective of this doctoral work is to show that our judgments on gender and on sex of people are more influenced by the social hierarchy between the sexes, as by the context. This thesis advances, in a first part, that to a social asymmetry corresponds a cognitive asymmetry on the judgements related to the gender of the people. For men, only the dimension « feminine » varies according to the type of activity performed, while for women, the change is found on two dimensions: masculine and feminine. The same observation can be made in a sex categorization task. With measures in real-time (MouseTracker, Freeman & Ambady, 2010), in the second part, we show a motor asymmetry in the process of categorization that would reflect cognitive asymmetry observed previously. This result reinforces the idea that the man can be considered as the dominant group: its judgment do not depend on the context, while in contrast, we observe that judgments on women (i.e., the dominated group) are more influenced by the context. Finally, we explore the hypothesis that the influence of the social hierarchy would be marked at the functional level. In conclusion, this doctoral work supports the idea that our judgments on men and women are not only influenced by the context, but also by the social position of individuals.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-02-14T15:41:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 André do Nascimento Corrêa_.pdf: 2745831 bytes, checksum: a75bf29c47c0a672368431a08a1a09d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-14T15:41:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 André do Nascimento Corrêa_.pdf: 2745831 bytes, checksum: a75bf29c47c0a672368431a08a1a09d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem por finalidade analisar as configurações sociais da localidade de Caçapava, região situada no sul do Brasil. Neste sentido, o foco dessa análise está nos domicílios e nas questões que permeiam a escravidão em Caçapava. Para isso, contamos com alguns documentos centrais para esta pesquisa, tais como: uma lista de fogos do ano de 1830 e todos os inventários entre 1821 a 1850. Para termos outras esferas desta análise social, agregamos os inventários do cartório de Órfãos e Ausentes, catalogados pelo APERS, entre 1851 a 1871, como também todas as cartas de liberdade cartoriais entre 1835 a 1871. Desta maneira, a pesquisa se estende de 1821 a 1871. Neste sentido, buscamos caracterizar os habitantes da localidade, assim como o processo entre a escravidão e liberdade que estavam inseridos neste contexto, apresentando quais eram as formas que os escravizados tinham para alcançar a liberdade. Fizemos uma análise econômica para entender como os agentes sociais presentes nas documentações analisadas se inseriam nesse processo. Com isso, é possível visualizar o tamanho das unidades de produção e caracterizá-las segundo seu tamanho. De tal forma, os dados presentes em alguns dos documentos citados nos possibilitam compreender como esta localidade se organizava. Para isso, utilizamos como metodologia os princípios da história serial, quantitativa e qualitativa. / This work aims at analyzing some social configurations of the locality of Caçapava, a region located in the south of Brazil. In this sense, the focus of this analysis is on the domiciles and issues that pervade slavery in Caçapava. For this purpose, we can rely on some fundamental documents for this research, such as: a list of fires of the year 1830 and all inventories between 1821 and 1850. To include other aspects of this social analysis, we added the inventories of the registry of Orphans and Absentees, cataloged by the APERS, between 1851 and 1871, as well as all the letters of freedom of registry between 1835 and 1871. In this way, the research extends from 1821 to 1871. In this sense, we seek to characterize the inhabitants of the locality, as well as the process between the slavery and freedom that were inserted in this context, showing the ways in which the enslaved had to achieve their freedom. We did an economic analysis, to understand how the social agents present in the analyzed documents were inserted in this process, to enable us to visualize the size of the units of production and characterize them according to their size. Thus, the data presented in some of the cited documents, allow us to understand how this locality was organized. We have, therefore, applied as methodology the principles of serial, quantitative and qualitative history.

Efetuamos uma aproximação (nem tanto exaustiva, mas buscando certos fundamentos e dissensões em cada caso) entre a enorme produção da sociologia francesa sobre o tema juventude e o aumento mais recente dos debates e publicações nesse domínio de pesquisa no Brasil. Muitas questões adensaram-se diante de nós, o que contribuiu para delinearmos o passo seguinte da investigação: o fortalecimento de um paradigma individualista em segmentos da sociologia, significativamente atrelado às manifestações juvenis contemporâneas. A partir de dois estudos de caso realizados no estado de Goiás, com vinte jovens de classes populares, destacamos, contudo, que, em se tratanto de sociedades mais hierarquizadas, como a brasilera, cujos processos históricos mais específicos forjaram, nos meandros da lei, das instituições e das percepções sociais, uma modalidade específica de indivíduo, o indivíduo restrito, pautada em um conceito igualmente estreito de cidadania, é necessário ponderar os problemas e as dificuldades de se limitar a análise sociológica aos artefatos subjetivos, sob o risco de se perder de vista a interdependência imanente entre o todo e as partes. Para isso, concentramos a reflexão nas vicissitudes do mercado de trabalho, seus antigos e novos percalços, sua configuração mais recente em cada contexto. Essa dimensão, central quando se trata das novas gerações, expõe mais diretamente os conflitos sociais prementes, forçando outras considerações sobre as trajetórias biográficas, opiniões, experiências e percepções individuais. Por essa via, pensamos ser possível, então, expor os nexos entre os inúmeros indivíduos, com vistas a compreender e a problematizar a intricada paisagem encoberta pela reclusão analítica nas unidades sociais. / We approach (not so exhaustively, but looking for some fundations and divisions in each case) the massive production of French sociology on \"youth\" and the latest increase of debates and publications in this field of research in Brazil. Many questions thickened in front of us, which helped to shape the next step of the research: the strengthening of an \"individualistic\" paradigm in segments of sociology significantly linked to juvenile contemporary manifestations. From two case studies conducted in the state of Goiás, with twenty young people from lower social classes, we emphasize, however, that it is necessary to consider the problems and the difficulties in limiting the sociological analysis to the subjective artifacts, at the risk of losing sight of the inherent interdependence between \"whole\" and \"parts\". And this especially for the case of more hierarchical societies, such as Brazil, which forged in its specific historical processes (demonstrated by the intricacies of the law, institutions and social perceptions) a kind of \"individual\", the individual restricted, according to an equally strict concept of \"citizenship\". For this, we focus the discussion on the vicissitudes of the labor market, its ancient and new obstacles and its latest configuration in each context. This dimension (central in dealing with new generations) reveals more directly the main social conflicts, forcing further considerations on the biographical trajectories, opinions, experiences and individual perceptions. In this way, we can then expose the nexus among individuals, in order to understand and discuss the intricate landscape shrouded by imprisonment in the analysis of social units.

Hierarchical or asymmetrical power relationships among states have long been a focus of scholarly attention (e.g., asymmetrical alliances, trade dependencies). While the "power to hurt" is one expression of power, an alternative approach is to gain and exercise authority, or "rightful rule." One of the major impediments to the study of social concepts such as authority or legitimacy, however, is in their informal or intangible nature. This dissertation uses game theoretic and latent variable approaches to capture informal, social authority relationships, or social hierarchies, among international states and explores the effects of these hierarchies on security and economic behavior. I posit that states adopt one of two social roles--that of a dominant or a subordinate. Each subordinate chooses a degree of autonomy that it is willing to cede to the dominant in exchange for a corresponding degree of protection. Ranging from complete autonomy to complete control, these dyadic bargains make up a social international hierarchy. This hierarchy affects the relationships between each subordinate and the dominant, as well as the relationships among subordinates. In the security realm, the probability of conflict initiation is inversely related to the degree of subordination. When conflict does occur, dominants are more likely to intervene when the target is located at a higher position in the dominant's social hierarchy than the aggressor state. Economically, the probability that a state enacts illiberal policies is inversely related to its degree of subordination. Moreover, more subordinated states face a lower risk of economic sanction than states located lower in the hierarchy, even for similar illiberal actions. Empirical analysis of states within the US hierarchy (1950-2000) and UK hierarchy (1870-1913) using strategic probit models supports these theoretical predictions.

Title from title page of PDF (University of Missouri--St. Louis, viewed March 8, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

One of the major costs of group living is increased competition due to social information. Social information allows foragers to gain information about the location and the quality of food patches from observing other group members. Ultimately, this allows social foragers to use resources more efficiently. However, the distribution and quality of food varies both spatially and temporally and social information may result in aggregations of foragers around favourable food patches when they are available. This results in individuals of various dominance ranks aggregating around food resources and competing for food. In order to understand how dominance and patch quality interact to determine foraging behaviour, various foraging models have been created. In particular, producer-scrounger social foraging models are used to understand foraging behaviour and patch choice under competitive conditions. In producer scrounger games, individuals can either find their own food patches (produce) or join other individuals at food patches (scrounge). This study focused on how the combination of patch holder dominance status and patch quality interacts to influence patch joining decisions by scroungers. According to producer-scrounger models scroungers only join patches held by subordinate individuals. However, I found that a scrounger will join any patch as long as the patch holder is not within the top five most ranked individuals in the herd. However, as patch quality increased, fewer of the top ranked patch holders were avoided at each patch quality. This suggests that foraging is a trade-off between the costs of an aggressive interaction and the benefits gained from each patch. Behavioural titrations found that the initial density of food at a patch needs to be 2.3 times greater for a scrounger to feed from the next dominant patch holder. At high patch qualities there was a threshold point where patch quality became the driving force behind patch joining decisions and no patch holders were avoided, no matter their dominance status. Scroungers that fed from the top ranked patch holders had the same intake rate when compared with feeding with subordinate patch holders. This could be due to an increased level of vigilance by the scrounger in order to avoid an aggressive interaction with the dominant patch holder. However, scrounger’s intake rate increased when they fed from dominant patch holders that were not the top ranked herd members. This suggests that only the top ranked herd members are aggressive enough to prevent scrounging attempts. A novel discovery of this study was that although the goats formed a linear dominance hierarchy, they did not forage in accordance with it, with lower ranking individuals avoiding dominant patch holders. This suggest that in social herbivores dominance hierarchies are not maintained to determine who has priority access to food. This study shows that even large differences in dominance are not sufficient enough to prevent scrounging decisions and only the top ranked patch holders have the ability to prevent joining attempts. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.

abstract: This paper is seeking to use exploratory factor analysis to construct a numeric representation of Hill Collin's matrix of domination. According to Hill Collins, the Current American matrix of domination, or the interlocking systems of oppression, includes race, gender, class, sexual orientation, religion, immigration status, disability, and age. The study uses exploratory factor analysis to construct a matrix of domination scale. The study launched an on-line survey (n=448) that was circulated through the social network Facebook to collect data. Factor analysis revealed that the constructed matrix of domination represents an accurate description of the current social hierarchy in the United States. Also, the constructed matrix of domination was an accurate predictor of the probability of experiencing domestic abuse according to the current available statistics. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Social Justice and Human Rights 2011