The main theme of this thesis is to capture formation and development of the social security system that provides hedging of individuals against illness, invalidity and old age. The first modern form of the social security within the area of Czech state appeared at the end of 18th century in the form of so called Theresian and Josephinian pension normals. These normals were designed to secure retired state officers against poverty. In the late 19th century were adopted two important norms - law concerning accident insurance and law about sickness insurance for workers. Pension insurance program for workers, the largest social group, was established as late as 1924. The Social security system was split among several offices, also insufficiently hedged by steady incomes in wage-workers and miners insurance; as a consequence it led to indebtedness of the system. During the occupation period, the financial funds were devaluated, appeared some organization changes and the new way of conviction about suitability of whole-society pension and sickness insurance was applied. Modern law about national insurance from year 1948 was canceled during the totality era. The reason was to apply soviet model of social security. This state remained in existence with cosmetics changes till 1989. During the development of the...

Equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination in employment relations and social security systems in Czech and European law Abstract The dissertation deals with equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination in employment relations and social security systems in Czech and European law. In the introductory section the historical context of anchoring the principle of equality into the legal regulation is outlined. The attention is paid on one hand to the social changes in the first half of the 20th century, which led to the protection of equality in Europe, and on the other to the legislative initiatives and the role of justice in the second half of the 20th century. The second part explains the concepts of equality, discrimination, employment relations and social security systems, which are the central motifs of the dissertation. It analyses how these concepts were viewed in the past, how they evolved, and in what forms and manifestations we can come across them today. The third part introduces the Czech and European legislation, which constitute the current Anti-Discrimination law. Emphasis is placed on the assessment of the Czech Anti- Discrimination Act with regard to its almost ten years of effectiveness in the Czech legal order. The author concludes that despite the facts that the protection...

O presente estudo tem como objeto a análise das condições materiais de acesso ao INSS dos segurados e dos beneficiários do RGPS no Estado do Tocantins. A finalidade da pesquisa consiste em averiguar se a decisão do STF no RE 631.240, que definiu o prévio requerimento administrativo como condição da ação em lides previdenciárias, pode ser aplicada no Estado do Tocantins sem prejuízos aos direitos humanos à percepção de benefícios previdenciários e assistenciais e de acesso à jurisdição. Os objetivos centrais da pesquisa foram a análise da realidade atual das condições materiais de acesso ao INSS em cada um dos Municípios do Estado do Tocantins, na tentativa de identificar o grau de facilidade no acesso à autarquia pelos habitantes de cada uma dessas localidades, bem como a discussão dos achados a partir de ideias de Hannah Arendt sobre os direitos humanos. O método de abordagem e de pesquisa foi o dedutivo. Informações oriundas de diversas fontes de dados oficiais foram reunidas, organizadas e tabuladas a partir dos métodos e técnicas de análise de conteúdo de Lawrence Bardin, bem como submetidas a avaliações a partir de critérios quantitativos e, em seguida, qualitativos. Apurou-se que 99,32% da população do Estado do Tocantins tem acesso regular às unidades de atendimento da Previdência Social. Concluiu-se que, apesar de certas críticas e sugestões apresentadas, a aplicação do RE 631.240 não representa uma violação aos direitos humanos citados, constituindo-se o contencioso administrativo perante o INSS, no Estado do Tocantins, um verdadeiro método de autocomposição de conflitos. / The present study has as object the analysis of the material conditions of access to Nacional Social Insurance Institute of insureds and beneficiaries of the General Social Security Scheme in State of Tocantins. The purpose of the research is to investigate whether the decision of brazilian Supreme Court in RE 631.240, which defined the previous administrative request as a condition of social security lawsuits to be judged, can be applied in the State of Tocantins without prejudice to human rights to percept social security and welfare benefits and to access to jurisdiction. The central objectives of the research were the analysis of the current reality of the material conditions of access to the Institute in each one of the Municipalities of the State of Tocantins, in an attempt to identify the degree of ease in access to the autarchy by the inhabitants of each of these localities, as well as the discussion of the findings from Hannah Arendt's ideas on human rights. The method of approach and research was the deductive. Information from various official data sources was gathered, organized, and tabulated using Lawrence Bardin's methods and techniques for content analysis, as well as quantitative and qualitative assessments. It was found that 99.32% of State of Tocantins’ population has regular access to the Institute. It was concluded that, despite certain criticisms and suggestions presented, the application of RE 631.240 does not represent a violation to those human rights cited, and the administrative litigation with the Institute in the State of Tocantins constitutes a true method of self-composition of conflicts.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-10-22T12:31:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Vasconcelos Porto.pdf: 2239987 bytes, checksum: 3fd14d173f288bfdadd167c964eba93e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-22T12:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Vasconcelos Porto.pdf: 2239987 bytes, checksum: 3fd14d173f288bfdadd167c964eba93e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-03 / This essay intends to analyze, in a detailed way, the social security coverage owed to rural workers (gender), from a point of view regarding the exercise of federal jurisdiction. The study begins with the analysis of the historical course of rural social security in Brazil, followed by a brief informative report of comparative law - which describes several of the rural social security systems that exist around the globe, and with more details those of France, Spain and Italy, which have considerable similarities with ours -, what allows the reader to know the theme in its evolutionary and comparative dynamics. Next, we examine the constitutional rules especially applicable to the sector and, in addition, we consider the sociological and economic justifications (especially) that give reason for the different treatment conferred by the Constitution. In the next step, the research pass through sociological aspects, discussing the situation of the rural worker in Brazil, of the family farms - including the effects generated by the new social security system on this -, the legal evolution of peasant labor and a succinct diagnosis of the situation of women in this environment. Subsequently, the essay starts a more dogmatic analysis, expounding the legislation and decompounding each controversial point, describing in details the types of rural workers and all their characteristics and also examining generic aspects, such as the extraordinary maintenance of the coverage, specificities around the grace period computed from the mere exercise of rural activity and also of how to calculate the amount of the retirement benefits. The next chapter consists of going into the types of benefits, regarding their peculiarities verified in the rural sector. The research, in its final part, is also dedicated to related aspects that gain practical and theoretical importance for a better understanding of the main theme, related to the judicial process and the taxation (in the rural sector) that provides the amount required to pay the benefits / O presente ensaio pretende analisar, de forma esmiuçada, a cobertura previdenciária devida aos trabalhadores rurais (gênero), na perspectiva do exercício da jurisdição federal. O estudo tem início na análise do caminhar histórico da previdência rural no Brasil, seguida de um informativo panorâmico de direito comparado – no qual são descritos vários dos sistemas previdenciários rurais existentes ao redor do globo, e com maior detalhamento os de França, Espanha e Itália, que guardam similitudes consideráveis com o nosso -, o que propicia ao leitor conhecer o tema em sua dinâmica evolutiva e comparativa. A seguir, são examinados os dispositivos constitucionais especialmente aplicáveis ao setor e, ademais, cogita-se sobre as justificativas sociológicas e econômicas (especialmente) que justificam o tratamento diferenciado conferido pelo diploma máximo. No passo seguinte, a pesquisa perpassa por aspectos de caráter sociológico, discorrendo sobre a situação do homem do campo no Brasil, da agricultura familiar – inclusive os efeitos gerados pelo novo regime previdenciário sobre esta -, da evolução jurídica do trabalho campesino e um sucinto diagnóstico da situação da mulher dentro da previdência rural. Posteriormente, o trabalho ingressa em análise de caráter mais dogmático, destrinchando a legislação posta e dissecando cada ponto controverso, descrevendo minuciosamente as espécies de segurados rurais e todas suas características e examinando aspectos de caráter geral, como a manutenção extraordinária da qualidade de segurado, especificidades em torno da carência computada a partir do mero exercício de atividade rural e, também, sobre a apuração do salário-de-benefício. O estágio seguinte consiste em adentrar no estudo dos benefícios em espécie, quanto às suas peculiaridades verificadas no meio rural. A pesquisa, em sua parte final, se dedica ainda a aspectos correlatos que adquirem importância prática e teórica para melhor percepção do tema central, relacionados com o processo previdenciário de benefícios rurais e o custeio exigido dos atores atuantes no círculo campesino

A solidariedade social é princípio fundante do Estado e do Direito, elevada na disciplina constitucional a núcleo do ordenamento jurídico. Na fase atual de evolução da civilização, o Direito Social, a construção da solidariedade social implica a realização concreta das finalidades constitucionais de inclusão e justiça sociais, na perspectiva material e teleológica da democracia, por meio dos instrumentos tributários e financeiros necessários, com a participação do Estado e da sociedade no financiamento da consecução daquelas atividades-fim. Uma das expressões da solidariedade social do Direito Social na sociedade capitalista baseada na exploração do trabalho é a existência efetiva da Previdência Social, que proteja os trabalhadores de infortúnios. A proteção da universalidade dos trabalhadores em Regime Geral de filiação obrigatória realiza a aspiração de solidariedade social. A filiação obrigatória enseja segurança obrigatória, e independe do atendimento do caráter contributivo no caso concreto, tendo em vista a estrutura de normas constitucionais integradas protetivas do trabalhador, que não induzem a interpenetração das relações jurídicas previdenciária e tributária decorrentes do trabalho, que são autônomas, distintas e incomunicáveis, à exceção dos prazos de carência, quando exigidos, em certos casos. A interpretação conforme a solidariedade social, a partir da experiência da teoria hermenêutica, da estrutura constitucional dos regimes de previdência, evidencia a impropriedade flagrante com que o instituto vem sendo tratado na doutrina, nos tribunais e na atividade legislativa decorrente. Este trabalho propõe a reconstrução da interpretação do instituto, com a apresentação de sua construção histórica e dos desvios da experiência pós-constitucional, para dar contornos claros ao conteúdo jurídico conforme as aspirações democráticas do pacto social traduzido na Constituição da República. / Social solidarity is a founding principle of the State and of law. The historic building of the democratic state of law raised the constitutional discipline to the core of law. At the current stage of development of society, the social law, building social solidarity implies the concrete realization of the constitutional purposes of inclusion and social justice at material and teleological perspectives of democracy, through tax and financial instruments needed, with the participation of State and society in financing activities for the achievement of those goals. One of the expressions of social solidarity at Social Law is the actual existence of Social Security, which protects workers from misfortunes. The protection of the universality of workers at the General Board of compulsory membership performs the aspiration for social solidarity. The compulsory membership entails mandatory security, and independent of the contributory duty situation, given the structure of integrated protective constitutional requirements of the worker, who did not induce fluency of social security and tax legal relations arising from the fact itself of working, except in certain situations. The interpretation under social solidarity, at the experience of hermeneutical theory and the constitutional structure of pension schemes, demonstrates the blatant impropriety with which the institute is being addressed in the doctrine, the courts and the resulting legislative activity. This paper proposes the reconstruction of the interpretation of the institute, with the presentation of its historical construction and deviations from post- constitutional experience, to enlighten the legal content as the democratic aspirations of the social pact translated in the Constitution outlines.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodolfo Ramer da Silva Aguiar.pdf: 1891808 bytes, checksum: 4367e955b5545ebf43eaa0493d7b0e26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-03 / This research aims to investigate preliminarily the rise of the individual contributor and its constant evolution, through an historic, positive and systemic study; then traces the legal relationship of this from, under the protection of Civil Law (precedent law) and Social Security Law (current law), without forgetting the constant liaison with the Constitutional Law and of its origin on the dignity of the human person. The study will check the current rules by which the genus of individual taxpayer encompasses several species of policyholders, the overwhelming majority of self-employed workers, protecting them and ensuring their social security. Addressing the details of the origin of individual contributors, in addition to clarifying the requirements for its membership, subscription, contribution scheme, as well as the institutes of the rate, the contribution salary and legal design with the general social security scheme (RGPS) are fundamental aspects to understand the institute. Another highlight is the modern context of significant legislative changes, particularly the introduction of Law No. 9.876/1999, which included in the Brazilian social security system the individual taxpayer as it is known today. From this act on, those who work on their own and get income are automatically affiliated to the RGPS , so, are considered single taxpayers, hence the duty to contribute to social welfare. The constant increase in the number of individual taxpayers in the Country deems relevant a detailed study of the role from such taxpayers, as well as the institute of social security and its real conditions to minimize the social risks / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar, preliminarmente, o surgimento do contribuinte individual e sua constante evolução, por meio de estudo histórico, positivo e sistêmico; para, em seguida, traçar a relação jurídica dessa figura, sob a proteção do Direito Civil (direito precedente) e do Direito Previdenciário (direito atual), sem se esquecer de sua estreita ligação com o Direito Constitucional e de sua origem na dignidade da pessoa humana. O trabalho trata de verificar as regras vigentes pelas quais o gênero contribuinte individual abarca diversas espécies de segurados obrigatórios, uma imensa maioria de trabalhadores por conta própria, protegendo-lhes e garantindo-lhes a seguridade social. Aborda os pormenores da origem do contribuinte individual, além de esclarecer as exigências para a sua filiação, inscrição, contribuição no regime, assim como os institutos da alíquota, o salário de contribuição e a concepção legal perante o regime geral de previdência social (RGPS), aspectos fundamentais para o entendimento do instituto. Destaca, ainda, o contexto moderno de significativas mudanças legislativas, em especial a introdução da Lei no 9.876/1999, que incluiu no sistema previdenciário brasileiro o contribuinte individual tal qual é conhecido atualmente. A partir dessa Lei, todos aqueles que trabalham por conta própria e auferem renda são automaticamente filiados ao RGPS, portanto, contribuintes individuais, daí o dever de contribuírem para a seguridade social. O aumento constante do número de contribuintes individuais no País torna necessário um estudo detalhado para esclarecer com precisão o papel desses contribuintes, bem como o instituto da seguridade social e suas reais condições de minimizar os riscos sociais

Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / This dissertation deals with the inception of the office of the Pension Fund Adjudicator in South Africa with comparison with the United Kingdom and Australia. The challenges faced by the office of the Pension Fund Adjudicator are one element that advised the composition of this dissertation. South Africa is a well developing country that carries well developed laws, including, the laws that deals with the pension fund complaints and this dissertation shall analyse and unpack those laws and principles that deals with the pension fund complaints.

Thesis (LLM. (Development and Management Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / This mini-dissertation discusses South African social security and retirement reforms that will be used as guidelines towards promulgation of the new Pension Funds Act which will incorporate both private and public pensions. These proposals have been highlighted in the Retirement Reform Discussion Paper issued by National Treasury in 2004 and the Social Security and Retirement Reform paper, issued by both National Treasury and Department of Social Development, 2007. Further, the recent discussion papers entitled ‘Strengthening Retirement Savings and a Safer Financial Sector to Serve South Africa Better’ published in 2011 and 2012 respectively have strengthened social security and retirement reforms debate in South Africa. This mini-dissertation will incorporate both social security and retirement reforms.

Thesis (LLM. (Development and Management Law)) University of Limpopo, 2013

Submitted by Jamile Barbosa da Cruz (jamile.cruz@ucsal.br) on 2016-10-25T14:56:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_versão_depósito_F.pdf: 13126958 bytes, checksum: daecef660e31ea6e327cdb3d2d9f3d04 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-12-28T20:48:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_versão_depósito_F.pdf: 13126958 bytes, checksum: daecef660e31ea6e327cdb3d2d9f3d04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-28T20:48:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_versão_depósito_F.pdf: 13126958 bytes, checksum: daecef660e31ea6e327cdb3d2d9f3d04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-23 / Esta pesquisa promoveu a análise crítica da relação jurídico-previdenciária entre o Estado e os povos indígenas, com vistas a verificar como se apresenta a qualidade de segurado do índio relativamente ao Regime Geral de Previdência Social, tendo como pano de fundo a cidadania social. Dessa forma, delimitado o campo de análise, verifica-se que o objeto indica que se trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa. A revisão bibliográfica e a análise documental serviram como métodos para a análise do fenômeno. O estudo evidenciou que, em razão de outras pautas mais urgentes que tocam as causas dos povos indígenas, as questões previdenciárias são prescindidas do cuidado que se requer, tanto pelo Estado quanto pelos interessados. Por outro lado, a importância da previdência social se revela, porque é por meio dela que o Estado ampara o cidadão vinculado ao sistema, em algumas contingências da vida. Como política social, a previdência alcança toda a família do segurado, garantindo o mínimo existencial. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa foi dividida em três eixos: no primeiro, foi traçado um panorama histórico da relação entre o Estado e os povos indígenas, desde o período colonial até a Constituição de 1988, tendo como base de sustentação teórica livros e documentos públicos; no segundo, foi analisado o Regime Geral de Previdência Social, sem prescindir de sua contextualização vinculada à crise do Estado e do Welfare State, tendo sido utilizados livros específicos da seara previdenciária e sobre a crise do Estado; no terceiro eixo, verificou-se como se apresenta a qualidade de segurado do índio e se há ou não necessidade de adequação, ante a visão administrativa, por meio da análise de documentos públicos e atos administrativos. Nas considerações finais, a hipótese da pesquisa foi confirmada, revelando que o enquadramento do índio como segurado do Regime Geral de Previdência encontra-se inadequado. / Having social citizenship as background, this research promoted a critical analysis of the legal and social security relationship between the State and indigenous peoples in order to see how the insured status of such peoples are presented by the General Regime for Social Security. After determining the field of analysis, the object of the study suggested the need for a qualitative approach to carry out the research. The methods employed for analyzing the phenomenon included literature review and document analysis. The study revealed that due to other pressing agendas related to the indigenous peoples, social security issues have been neglected not only by the State, but also by the concerned ones. On the other hand, the importance of social security was acknowledged as it is through such means that the State maintains citizens affiliated to the system in some contingencies of life. As a social policy, social security reaches the families of the insured ones. From this perspective, the present research was divided into three parts. Firstly, a historical overview of the relationship between the State and the indigenous peoples was outlined (from the colonial period up to the 1988 Constitution), having books and public documents as theoretical support. Secondly, the General Regime for Social Security was analyzed without disregarding its contextualization linked to the crisis of the State and to the Welfare State. Such analysis was carried out by using specific books on social security and on the crisis of the State. Thirdly, and also by researching via public documents and administrative acts, the insured status of the indigenous peoples was analyzed in order to find out whether it needs to be adapted by the administrative viewpoint. In the final considerations, the research hypothesis was confirmed by disclosing that the adjustment of indigenous peoples into the General Regime for Social Security is inadequate.