The problem of the present study is to determine what changes will take place in certain personal and social attitudes of pre-adolescent children at the fourth- and fifth-grade levels as a result of their "having learned about the factors that underlie behavior" through a mental hygiene program utilizing "causally" oriented materials at their own level of interest and understanding.

The purpose of this research was to determine if perception of fit in jeans will vary by target wearer, sex, educational background, political-social attitudes, and brand name. One hundred and sixteen usable questionnaires were completed by students enrolled in the 1987 spring semester at a university in North Texas. The questionnaire gathered data about perception of fit in jeans, social-political attitudes, clothing interest, and jeans consumption. No differences were found between perception of fit by sex or target wearer. Factors found to affect perception of fit were educational background, political-social attitudes, brand name, and clothing interest. Subjects indicated fit was the most important factor considered when purchasing jeans.

This paper proposes a method to study the relationship between voters' attitudes towards immigration and the educational attainment of immigrants and their children, and applies it to Austrian data. We measure attitudes towards immigration using data on political parties' positions regarding immigration and the share of votes that each party received at the regional level. We then study the educational attainment and intergenerational educational mobility of immigrants who grew up in the regions whose political environment we observe. Preliminary results for Austria suggest that, surprisingly, better attitudes towards migration are associated with lower educational attainment for immigrants. However, immigrants are more likely than their native peers to obtain more education than their parents. Here, the returns to more positive attitudes towards immigration play a large role in explaining the mobility gap across migration background. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / This paper addresses the inclusion of students with disabilities in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), taking as its object of study the social attitudes of teachers, students and employees of the Federal University of Cearà (UFC). The overall objective of the research is to investigate the social attitudes of the academic community of UFC regarding the inclusion of students with disabilities and specific objectives are: to verify how the social atitudes in the academic comunity of UFC are presented and to observe the differences these social attitudes among the courses surveyed. The research is quantitative and qualitative nature and use as an instrument of data collection Lickert Scale of Social Attitudes Toward Inclusion (ELASI) in the form A. The study included students, faculty and staff of the UFC, a total of 322 respondents the ELASI, divided between seven courses of Campi Fortress UFC, considering the presence of students with disabilities and the different areas of knowledge of each course. 5 undergraduate courses were selected for the research - Bachelor of Physical Education; Environmental Sciences (both courses have no students with disabilities enrolled); Letters-Portuguese Literature (with two students with disabilities: one with physical disabilities and other with deafness); Librarianship (with a student with multiple disabilities - low vision and disability / wheelchair user); and Computation (with 5 students with disabilities, low vision with 3 and 2 with disabilities) - 2 courses and Postgraduate: Masters in Psychology (with a student with blindness) and MSc in Chemistry (with a student with physical disabilities) . The results show that most of the courses studied had more favorable social attitudes toward inclusion of students with disabilities. However, no significant difference between the course of Computer comparing the following courses: Bachelor of Physical Education; Letters-Portuguese Literature; Masters Degree in Psychology and a Masters in Chemistry. It is noticed that the social attitudes of the respondents of the course Computer are less favorable compared to these courses mentioned, ie, the presence of students with disabilities in the course of Computer did not influence the participants more positive attitudes, as well as the area of knowledge this seems to favor more positive social attitudes, it is a course in the exact sciences and there is discussion about accessibility and inclusion of students with disabilities. Other differences were constadas between courses of Environmental Sciences and Master in Psychology, being the second most favorable social attitudes toward inclusion of students with disabilities and the comparison between the courses of Librarianship and Master in Psychology, in which attitudes social respondents of the Master in Psychology are more inclusive. However, it is considered that the social attitudes of the academic community of the UFC in general are more favorable toward inclusion, but in some courses surveyed there is a need for change more positive attitudes toward inclusion of students with disabilities. / Este trabalho aborda a inclusÃo de alunos com deficiÃncia em InstituiÃÃes de Ensino Superior (IES), tomando por objeto de estudo as atitudes sociais de professores, estudantes e funcionÃrios da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC). O objetivo geral da pesquisa à investigar as atitudes sociais da comunidade acadÃmica da UFC em relaÃÃo à inclusÃo de alunos com deficiÃncia e os objetivos especÃficos sÃo: verificar como se apresentam as atitudes sociais da comunidade acadÃmica da UFC e verificar se hà diferenÃa dessas atitudes sociais entre os cursos pesquisados. A pesquisa à de cunho quanti-qualitativo e utilizamos como instrumento de coleta de dados a Escala Lickert de Atitudes Sociais em RelaÃÃo à InclusÃo (ELASI) na forma A. Participaram deste estudo alunos, professores e funcionÃrios da UFC, no total de 322 respondentes da ELASI A, divididos entre sete cursos dos Campi de Fortaleza da UFC, considerando a presenÃa de alunos com deficiÃncia e as diferentes Ãreas do conhecimento de cada curso. Foram selecionados 5 cursos de graduaÃÃo para a realizaÃÃo da pesquisa â Licenciatura em EducaÃÃo FÃsica; CiÃncias Ambientais (ambos os cursos nÃo possuem alunos com deficiÃncia regularmente matriculados); Letras PortuguÃs-Literatura (com 2 alunos com deficiÃncia: uma com deficiÃncia fÃsica e outro com surdez); Biblioteconomia (com um aluno com deficiÃncia mÃltipla â baixa visÃo e deficiÃncia fÃsica/usuÃrio de cadeira de rodas); e ComputaÃÃo (com 5 alunos com deficiÃncia, 3 com baixa visÃo e 2 com deficiÃncia fÃsica) â e 2 cursos de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo: Mestrado em Psicologia (com uma aluna com cegueira) e Mestrado em QuÃmica (com um aluno com deficiÃncia fÃsica). Os resultados apontam que a maioria dos cursos pesquisados apresenta atitudes sociais mais favorÃveis em relaÃÃo à inclusÃo de alunos com deficiÃncia. No entanto, hà diferenÃa significativa entre o curso de ComputaÃÃo comparando aos seguintes cursos: Licenciatura em EducaÃÃo FÃsica; Letras PortuguÃs-Literatura; Mestrado em Psicologia e Mestrado em QuÃmica. Percebe-se que as atitudes sociais dos respondentes do curso de ComputaÃÃo sÃo menos favorÃveis quando comparados a estes cursos citados, ou seja, a presenÃa de alunos com deficiÃncia no curso de ComputaÃÃo nÃo influenciou nos participantes atitudes mais positivas, como tambÃm a Ãrea do conhecimento deste parece nÃo favorecer atitudes sociais mais positivas, pois à um curso da Ãrea de exatas e nÃo hà discussÃo sobre acessibilidade e inclusÃo de alunos com deficiÃncia. Outras diferenÃas foram constadas entre os cursos de CiÃncias Ambientais e de Mestrado em Psicologia, sendo o segundo com atitudes sociais mais favorÃveis em relaÃÃo à inclusÃo de alunos com deficiÃncia e na comparaÃÃo entre os cursos de Biblioteconomia e de Mestrado em Psicologia, em que as atitudes sociais dos respondentes do curso de Mestrado em Psicologia sÃo mais favorÃveis à inclusÃo. Contudo, considera-se que as atitudes sociais da comunidade acadÃmica da UFC, em geral, sÃo mais favorÃveis em relaÃÃo à inclusÃo, mas em alguns cursos pesquisados hà a necessidade de mudanÃas de atitudes mais positivas em relaÃÃo à inclusÃo de alunos com deficiÃncia.

<p>Ispitivanje prikazano u radu problematizira relacije između ličnosti posmatrane sa tipolo&scaron;ke perspektive i ideologije obuhvaćene preko sistema vrijednosti, dru&scaron;tvenih stavova i religioznih uvjerenja. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 1046 ispitanika (65% žena), starosti 18-74 godine (prosječna starost 32,74 godine). U ispitivanju su kori&scaron;teni sljedeći instrumenti: upitnik ličnosti Velikih pet plus dva (VP+2), &Scaron;varcov upitnik vrijednosti (PVQ), Ajzenkova skala dru&scaron;tvenih stavova, Skala religioznih uvjerenja i Skala polariteta.<br />Klasterizacija upitnika VP+2 dovela je do kategorizacije ličnosti na: hiperkontrolisani, rezilijentni i hipokontrolisani tip. Rezultati su pokazali da se za svaki od tipova ličnosti veže specifičan vrijedonosni profil. Rezilijentni tip ličnosti se uglavnom veže za klaster vrijednosti Otvorenost za promjene (Nezavisnost, Poticaj) i Sopstveno odricanje (Univerzalnost, Dobronamjernost), dok se hipokontrolisani tip uglavnom veže za klaster vrijednosti Samounapređenja (Postignuće, Moć). Oko 40% varijabiliteta vrijednosti može se objasniti preko tipova ličnosti. Dru&scaron;tveni stavovi Etnocentrizam i Liberalizam slabo su povezani sa tipovima ličnosti. Isto je konstatovano i za religiozna uvjerenja i normativno-humanističku orijentaciju. U osnovi,<br />ličnost posmatrana preko tipova ili preko dimenzija, nije se pokazala kao značajan prediktor političkog pona&scaron;anja. Dru&scaron;tveni stavovi i vrijednosti takođe su skromni prediktori političkog pona&scaron;anja, s tim da je prognoza ne&scaron;to bolja u slučaju predikcije glasanja za stranke desnog centra (SDA), gdje je moguće objasniti oko 20% varijanse glasačkog pona&scaron;anja.</p> / <p>This study discusses relation between personality from aspects of typological perspective and ideology determined as system of values, social attitudes and religious beliefs. The research was conducted on sample of 1046 respondents (65% female), aged from 18 to 74 years (average age 32,74 years). The instruments administrated in research were: Big Five plus Two (Velikih pet plus dva, VP+2), Schwartz Value Survey (PVQ), Eysenck&rsquo;s Inventory of Social Attitudes, Religious Beliefs Scale and Polarity Scale.<br />Clustering of Big Five plus Two (VP+2) inventory led to the categorization of personality to overcontrolled, undercontrolled and resilient type. The results showed that specific value profile is related to each type of personality. Resilient type is mostly related to the value cluster Openness to Change (Self direction and Stimulation) and Self-Transcendence (Universalism and Benevolence), while undercontrolled type is mostly related to value cluster Self-Enhancement (Power and Achievement). About 40% variance of values could be explained through personality types. Social attitudes Ethnocentrism and Liberalism are weakly associated with personality types. The same relation could be stated to religious beliefs and normative-humanistic orientation with personality types. Basically, personality operationalized through types or through dimensions either, has not showed as&nbsp;significant predictors of political behavior. Social attitudes and values are modest predictors of political behavior, although the prediction is somewhat better in case of prediction for right-wing parties (SDA), where is possible to explain about 20% of variance of political behavior</p>

Excerpt: It’s July 26, 2010, late. I’ve sunk onto the edge of the bed in my childhood home. The bedroom reminds me of one of those cozy, pretty Valentine’s Day shoeboxes I made back in elementary school: small, pink, white, flowery.

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The main objective of this dissertation is to study the subjective class identification and the importance of this identification for social attitudes and leisure habits. Class identification is a significant, yet often neglected, area of research in the study of social class and stratification. The aim of this thesis has been to explore in what way the Swedish citizens perceive their own place in the structure of stratification. This thesis is based on three Swedish surveys, collected between 1993 and 2000. The results show that a vast majority of the citizens think that Sweden is still a class society and can place themselves in this structure. The most important sources for this identification are the objective class position and the class position of the father during childhood and adolescence. Identification with the working class is to a higher extent connected with a view that the differences in living conditions are too high, that the differences in the possibility to advance in the Swedish society are unequal and that the gap in income should decrease. This standpoint is nearly as common for people who identify with the working class irrespective of a socialistic or non- socialistic position. The results also show that class identification is related to the level of participation in different leisure activities. Identification with the middle class is connected with a higher degree of participation in a variety of activities, especially in highbrow culture such as theatre and opera. In the conclusion it is discussed that the relevance of class identification in the future is highly dependent on how class in the political and ideological sphere is formulated and attached with different attitudes, and if class is expressed as a positive source in the construction of the social identity.

Tidigare studier som gjorts inom området visade att kvinnor anser att kvinnors skönhet inte är värderad enligt rimliga normer i vårt samhälle. Hård retuschering motarbetas på många håll, bland annat genom att organisationer som ASA (Advertising Standards Authority) och politiska partier som Liberaldemokraterna i Storbritannien arbetar för att missledande retuschering ska försvinna. En studie har visat att det, för att öka annonsers attraktionskraft, är viktigt att den ökade skönheten hos en modell är relevant för produktens användningsområde, då betraktaren anstränger sig intellektuellt vid betraktandet av bilden. Det finns dock inga tidigare studier som bevisar om en retuscherad modell faktiskt ökar målgruppens köplust av skönhetsprodukter vid rådande samhällsattityder och skönhetsideal. Två enkätundersökningar gjordes därför med sammanlagt 1480 deltagare. Produkten i studien var en fiktiv hudkräm. Genom att i den ena undersökningen låta betraktaren möta modellbilden i en situation som efterliknade verkligheten, på så sätt att de inte fick veta om den var retuscherad, kunde studien svara på om retuschering ökade köplusten. Bilder med bortretuscherade skönhetsfläckar och utväxt prefererades. Att retuschera bort flyghår ökade inte köplusten. I den andra jämförande undersökningen kunde betraktaren jämföra den retuscherade med den oretuscherade modellbilden. Resultaten visade att skönhetsfläckar och flyghår tillåts och prefereras borttagna, men inte utväxt. I intervjuer med fem kvinnor hördes målgruppens attityder om vad som ansågs var tillåtet att retuschera. Svaren tydde på att en relevant och försiktig retuschering prefererades. Att lämna några födelsemärken ökade trovärdigheten. / This study aims to answer whether retouching of models in beauty ads increases the desire to buy in the target group and the attitudes held about what is allowed to retouch. Two surveys with 1,408 participants was made. In one the participant was shown a beauty ad in a situation imitating the reality where the participant did not know if the picture was retouched. The study showed that the participant preferred that the model's beauty spots and outgrowth were removed. To remove stray hair did not increase the desire to buy. A second study in which participants could compare the retouched picture to the unretouched showed that blemishes and stray hair was preferred and allowed to be removed. Removing outgrowth did not increase the desire to buy the skin cream. Interviews with five women revealed that a prudent and relevant retouching, such as removing blemishes, but to leave some birthmarks, increased the reliability in the ad.

This study examined the significance of perceived parent and teacher support for autonomy and responsiveness, along with perceptions of democratic social organization, in the development of conceptions of children’s rights. Relations between these family and school environments and adolescents’ psychological well-being were also examined and a contrast between urban and rural settings within mainland China was included. Current findings suggest that Chinese adolescents display patterns of children’s rights attitudes similar to those found in Western settings. Different possible pathways of family and school environmental impact on children’s rights attitudes are found and explored. Current findings support psychological models that propose that the promotion of autonomy and responsiveness is critical to adolescents’ psychological well-being across cultures. Moreover, these findings provide strong evidence that features of democratic environments (e.g., mutual respect between parents and children, opportunities for children to express their opinions, shared decision making) are relevant to people in non-Western cultures.