Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaSQE.pdf: 568148 bytes, checksum: 9ffdfbb4f54a77c2daaf5a6b3abd2ad4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-04 / This issue analises the unevenness in the brazilian system of public health care as an extension of socials inequities. It is a theoretical study based in a historical method, using empirical camp from academic, corporation and institution researchs, along the period 2002-2006. Equality and effectiveness in health systems are analitical basic cathegories grap in the root of the doctrine, principles and organization of the Unique Health System, in which sectorial actions are inserted. Discuss the estructural prodution and determined those inequalities through some social determiners of health system: income, land, food securitiy, nutritional situation, basic sanitation, epidemiological inequities and public management policy. Carry out a thematic review over health social production, it formlation and the goals of social policies, as well as the insertion of the equality principle in the assistance system, in the frame of the running public health regulations. It uses reflections that enlighted the correlation between the process of political-institutional actions and equity on health assistance. Analized the pertinency of sectorial reorganizational strategies on basic attendance, confronting the hipothesis that those strategies reinforce social inequities in health system, because it organize diferential assistance levels over not equal baselines. The results show up that social inequalities, even remaining, have had a small decrease; that the selectiviness of actual public policies and the duplication of the health system, increases the differences within and between the social classes and configures the assistance as inequal. The basic care system has great shortages that also appeares in middle and complex assistance levels. As conclusion, it remarks that the health assintance system, even with it integrality has limits; structural problems on material conditions of living and health system could not be reversed only with institutional legal arragements; by the contrary, in border conditions, these strategies produce policies that reinforce inequities, neglecting the equity principle of the system in which frame, they work. One patina of this tim / Este trabalho teve como objeto de estudo as inquidades no sistema p?blico de sa?de brasileiro como extens?o das desigualdades sociais. Estudo te?rico com base no m?todo hist?rico que se utilizou do campo emp?rico de estudos acad?micos, institucionais e de entidades entre 2003-2006. A equidade e efetividade em sa?de s?o categorias anal?ticas imbricadas ? indissociabilidade dos princ?pios doutrin?rios e organizativos do sistema ?nico de sa?de. Analisa a produ??o estrutural das desisgualdades sociais e as caracteriza pelos determinantes sociais de p?so na quest?o da s?ude: renda, acesso ? terra, seguran?a alimentar, saneamento b?sico, desigualdades epidemiol?gicas e na assist?ncia. Efetua revis?o sobre a produ??o social da sa?de, formula??o, finalidades das pol?ticas sociais e inser??o do princ?pio de equidade no projeto de sa?de publica ancorada em autores que projetaram luzes sobre a corela??o de processos de indu??o pol?tico institucionais com a equidade. Exercita uma an?lise de pertin?ncia sobre a estrat?gia setorial de reorganiza??o da aten??o b?sica com a hip?tese de que esta estrat?gia refor?a as desigualdades sociais ao prestar n?veis assist?nciais diferenciados aos horizontalmente iguais. Os resultados apontam: t?nue redu??o nos diferenciais de distribui??o de renda com manuten??o de elevados n?veis de desigualdades sociais da situa??o alimentar e nutricional, saneamento b?sico e assist?ncia ? sa?de em todos os n?veis; a seletividade dos ajustes neoliberais se esteiam na cultura pol?tica brasileira e na reorganiza??o da assist?ncia de um sistema dual aumentam as dist?ncias intra e entre classes; configuram uma assist?ncia in?qua intra rede; a aten??o b?sica minimalista para pobres tem d?ficits elevados que se extrapolam nos niveis de m?dia e alta complexidade. Conclui pela fr?gil regula??o social na governabilidade setorial cuja retra??o faz avan?ar o bra?o do Estado pelo Judici?rio; em extremas desigualdades a assist?ncia ? sa?de, mesmo integral tem limites; n?o se revertem condi??es materias de vida e de sa?de com arranjos institucionais normativos; ao reverso, arranjos focalistas produzem a??es que refor?am as desigualdades e ferem o princ?pio de equidade do sistema onde elas se inserem. Uma p?tina deste tempo

Submitted by Isaac Francisco de Souza Dias (isaac.souzadias@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-02T18:03:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Juliana Rodrigues de Souza Araújo.pdf: 8181871 bytes, checksum: 171f80b0cab70ae59e2d92c740512d02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T18:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Juliana Rodrigues de Souza Araújo.pdf: 8181871 bytes, checksum: 171f80b0cab70ae59e2d92c740512d02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / O Sistema Único de Saúde surgiu no Brasil sob a perspectiva de direito social irrevogável, tendo a equidade como princípio doutrinário. Neste país de dimensões continentais, permeado por diversidades que fomentam o processo das iniquidades sociais em saúde, a equidade passa a ser um grande desafio. Para transpor esses problemas é necessário que a saúde busque parceiras intersetoriais e transdisciplinares, como a Saúde Pública faz com a Geografia, apropriando-se de temas como o território, numa perspectiva de atender a etiologia múltipla que o conceito ampliado de saúde estabelece. Dessa forma, foi selecionado o serviço da Estratégia de Saúde da Família – ESF, numa abordagem fenomenológica através da análise quali-quantitativa de suas práticas; cujo objetivo é correlacionar o mapeamento da cobertura da ESF, da área da Regional de Saúde 4, em Olinda – PE, com as áreas de maior risco para o desenvolvimento das iniquidades, considerando o conceito ampliado em saúde e os determinantes sociais de saúde. Os resultados apontam para um déficit na distribuição de cobertura de ESF na localidade e para a necessidade de reestruturação do trabalho em saúde a partir da organização e da apropriação do território adscrito pelas referidas equipes. Numa perspectiva mais abrangente, pode-se concluir que a participação social efetiva diante das variadas demandas que condicionam a saúde mostra-se como alternativa à minimização das iniquidades sociais, devendo, portanto, ser objeto permanente de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde. / The Health System in Brazil emerged from the perspective of social irrevocable law, with equity as doctrinal principle. In this country of continental dimensions, permeated by diversity that foster the process of social inequities in health, equity becomes a major challenge. To overcome these problems it is necessary that health seeks intersectoral and transdisciplinary partners, such as the Public Health makes geography, appropriating issues such as territory, with a view to cater to multiple etiologies that expanded health concept down. Thus, we selected the service of the Family Health Strategy - ESF, a phenomenological approach through qualitative and quantitative analysis of their practices; whose goal is to correlate the mapping of ESF coverage, the area of Regional Health 4 in Olinda - PE, with the areas of greatest risk for the development of iniquities, considering the concept expanded in health and social determinants of health. The results point to a deficit in the ESF cover distribution in the locality and the need for restructuring the health work from the organization and ownership of the territory ascribed by those teams. In a broader perspective, it can be concluded that effective social participation on the varied demands that affect health is shown as an alternative to minimizing social inequalities, and should therefore be permanent object of work of health professionals.

L’objectif de la présente thèse est de générer des connaissances sur les contributions possibles d’une formation continue à l’évolution des perspectives et pratiques des professionnels de la santé buccodentaire. Prônant une approche centrée sur le patient, la formation vise à sensibiliser les professionnels à la pauvreté et à encourager des pratiques qui se veulent inclusives et qui tiennent compte du contexte social des patients. L’évaluation de la formation s’inscrit dans le contexte d’une recherche-action participative de développement d’outils éducatifs et de transfert des connaissances sur la pauvreté. Cette recherche-action aspire à contribuer à la lutte contre les iniquités sociales de santé et d’accès aux soins au Québec; elle reflète une préoccupation pour une plus grande justice sociale ainsi qu’une prise de position pour une santé publique critique fondée sur une « science des solutions » (Potvin, 2013). Quatre articles scientifiques, ancrés dans une philosophie constructiviste et dans les concepts et principes de l’apprentissage transformationnel (Mezirow, 1991), constituent le cœur de cette thèse. Le premier article présente une revue critique de la littérature portant sur l’enseignement de l’approche de soins centrés sur le patient. Prenant appui sur le concept d’une « épistémologie partagée », des principes éducatifs porteurs d’une transformation de perspective à l’égard de la relation professionnel-patient ont été identifiés et analysés. Le deuxième article de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du développement participatif d’outils de formation sur la pauvreté et illustre le processus de co-construction d’un scénario de court-métrage social réaliste portant sur la pauvreté et l’accès aux soins. L’article décrit et apporte une réflexion, notamment sur la dimension de co-formation entre les différents acteurs des milieux académique, professionnel et citoyen qui ont constitué le collectif À l’écoute les uns des autres. Nous y découvrons la force du croisement des savoirs pour générer des prises de conscience sur soi et sur ses préjugés. Les outils développés par le collectif ont été intégrés à une formation continue axée sur la réflexion critique et l’apprentissage transformationnel, et conçue pour être livrée en cabinet dentaire privé. Les deux derniers articles de thèse présentent les résultats d’une étude de cas instrumentale évaluative centrée sur cette formation continue et visant donc à répondre à l’objectif premier de cette thèse. Le premier consiste en une analyse des transformations de perspectives et d’action au sein d’une équipe de 15 professionnels dentaires ayant participé à la formation continue sur une période de trois mois. L’article décrit, entre autres, une plus grande ouverture, chez certains participants, sur les causes structurelles de la pauvreté et une plus grande sensibilité au vécu au quotidien des personnes prestataires de l’aide sociale. L’article comprend également une exploration des effets paradoxaux dans l’apprentissage, notamment le renforcement, chez certains, de perceptions négatives à l’égard des personnes prestataires de l’aide sociale. Le quatrième article fait état de barrières idéologiques contraignant la transformation des pratiques professionnelles : 1) l’identification à l’idéologie du marché privé comme véhicule d’organisation des soins; 2) l’attachement au concept d’égalité dans les pratiques, au détriment de l’équité; 3) la prédominance du modèle biomédical, contraignant l’adoption de pratiques centrées sur la personne et 4) la catégorisation sociale des personnes prestataires de l’aide sociale. L’analyse des perceptions, mais aussi de l’expérience vécue de ces barrières démontre comment des facteurs systémiques et sociaux influent sur le rapport entre professionnel dentaire et personne prestataire de l’aide sociale. Les conséquences pour la recherche, l’éducation dentaire, le transfert des connaissances, ainsi que pour la régulation professionnelle et les politiques de santé buccodentaire, sont examinées à partir de cette perspective. / This thesis aims to generate knowledge on how a continuing education course might contribute to the evolution of oral health professionals’ perspectives and practices. Promoting patient centered care, the course aims to sensitize professionals to poverty issues and to encourage socially inclusive practices that take into account the social context of patients. The course evaluation is nested within a participatory action research project aimed at developing educational and knowledge transfer tools to sensitize oral health professionals to poverty issues and Our research strives to contribute to the fight against social inequities in health and in access to care in Québec; it is grounded in our intent for greater social justice and reflects our belief in the importance of a critical public health founded on a « science of solutions » (Potvin, 2013). Four scientific articles, grounded in constructivism and in the concepts and principles of transformative learning theory (Mezirow, 1991), constitute the heart of this thesis. The first presents a critical review of the literature on health professional education for patient-centered care. We focus on the concept of shared epistemology as a foundation for patient-centered care and determine and analyse the educational principles allowing for its development in students and practitioners. Our second article, located within the participatory developmental process, delves into the co-construction of a social realist screenplay portraying poverty and issues of access to dental care. The article examines and reflects on the participatory processes, in particular the co-learning that took place among the partners involved in writing the screenplay and in producing the educational tools on poverty. We discover the potency of shared knowledge among professionals, citizens, educators and academics for enhancing reflection on bias and perspective taking. The educational tools developed have been integrated into an onsite credited continuing education course on poverty and oral health, privileging critical reflection, founded on transformative learning theory, and integrating dimensions of person-centered care. The results of an instrumental case study among the 15 members of a dental team having participated in the course constitute the last two articles of the thesis. The first describes and analyzes the new meanings and actions among course participants, emphasizing shifts in thinking about the causes of poverty, about life on welfare, about certain patient behaviors and about the participants themselves. New actions refer to changes made in verbal and non-verbal communication and appointment giving policy. The article also examines unanticipated and paradoxical effects of learning, such as the reinforcement of certain beliefs. The final thesis article presents the case study results in terms of the participants’ experience of their workplace ideologies and how these constitute obstacles or objections to learning or to making practice or policy changes. These ideologies include 1) identification with a for-profit and private market oral health care system; 2) “equal treatment”, a belief constraining concern for equity and the recognition of discriminatory practices; 3) a predominantly biomedical orientation to care; and 4) stereotypical categorization of publically insured patients into « deserving » vs. « non-deserving » poor. This knowledge contributes to our understanding of systemic influences on professionals’ practices and interactions with patients living on welfare. We discuss implications for research, dental education and knowledge translation, as well as in terms of oral health policy and oral health professional regulation.

This study examined the schooling experiences of eleven graduates from the rural south of Egypt with primary community schools in Assiut. The study used individual interviews and focus groups to examine how community school graduates understood their experiences. The community schools were found to have removed previous obstacles of distance and cost. The quality of education that the students received allowed them to flourish in education rather than falter, and that was largely influenced by the quality of their relationship with their teachers. The students learned academic skills, as well as attitudes and dispositions that serve as cultural capital. They have more opportunities than before, yet also face significant challenges as they transition to the public system. The model of community schooling is also facing significant challenges as differences with the public schooling systems are exerting tension on the community school model to converge.

This study examined the schooling experiences of eleven graduates from the rural south of Egypt with primary community schools in Assiut. The study used individual interviews and focus groups to examine how community school graduates understood their experiences. The community schools were found to have removed previous obstacles of distance and cost. The quality of education that the students received allowed them to flourish in education rather than falter, and that was largely influenced by the quality of their relationship with their teachers. The students learned academic skills, as well as attitudes and dispositions that serve as cultural capital. They have more opportunities than before, yet also face significant challenges as they transition to the public system. The model of community schooling is also facing significant challenges as differences with the public schooling systems are exerting tension on the community school model to converge.