Cette thèse porte sur les dynamiques interculturelles et la réactivité des institutions dans les contextes pluralistes. Le contexte clinique, un exemple parmi tant d’autres, sert à saisir les enjeux des rencontres entre personnes d’origines différentes. Le milieu de la réadaptation physique apparaît particulièrement intéressant pour étudier les enjeux induits par les rencontres interculturelles, car les interventions y sont d’une durée relativement longue en comparaison avec les soins aigus, et ce type de pratique demande une grande collaboration de la part des clients. Cette recherche sollicite trois acteurs essentiels dans ce contexte : clients immigrants, intervenants et agents tiers payeurs (CSST) ont pris la parole lors de groupes de rencontre (focus group). La recherche d’un cadre théorique pertinent en anthropologie interculturelle revisite les courants moderniste et postmoderniste, à partir d’une approche critique, et propose une épistémologie interactionniste. Ces courants qui traversent l’anthropologie sont étudiés à la lumière de la clinique, ce qui engendre un dialogue entre les intervenants et les anthropologues. Le contexte ethnographique permet de cerner différents enjeux concernant les politiques de santé dans les contextes pluriethniques, ce qui permet de saisir, à partir de la gestion, des rapports d’emboitement entre le macro et le micro. Le fonctionnement de la réadaptation physique au Québec sert de toile de fond pour comprendre les discours des acteurs sollicités par cette recherche. L’ethnographie met en lumière les convergences et les divergences entre ces trois acteurs dans les contextes pluriethniques. Selon une méthode caractéristique des relations interculturelles, je présente d’abord l’intervention dans les institutions de réadaptation. Les clients immigrants sont mis en scène avec l’intervention dans les contextes pluriethniques. Les discours de tous ces acteurs mettent en lumière des barrières dites objectives et des facteurs liés à la culture. L’analyse s’intéresse à la communication et à la circulation de l’information dans les contextes pluriethniques; elle étudie les rapports entre l’information, la connaissance et les préjugés. L’analyse offre quelques pistes qui aident à comprendre l’imperméabilité du système de santé dans les contextes pluralistes. La conclusion propose une approche complémentariste pour établir un dialogue entre les modèles de discrimination et l’interculturel. Les anthropologues sont alors interpellés en vue de répondre aux nouveaux défis générés par le néolibéralisme. / This thesis is based on the intercultural and institutional dynamics of health care in pluralistic contexts. The clinical context makes it possible to understand what is at stake in encounters between people of different ethnic and religious backgrounds. The field of physical rehabilitation is a particularly interesting context for understanding these dynamics because interventions require long-term assessment and sustained collaboration on the part of clients. The current research examines three types of actors in this context: immigrant clients, health care specialists (or practitioners), and third party payers (CSST). In order to elaborate an intercultural theoretical framework, the thesis critically examines modernist and postmodernist orientations in anthropology, and through an epistemological approach proposes an interactionist orientation. These differing epistemological orientations are studied from a clinical standpoint and, the resulting analysis prepares the way for a dialogue between practitioners and anthropologists. The ethnographic context sheds light on various themes concerning the politics of healthcare in pluralistic contexts, but also the policies that influence different relationships between macroeconomics and local-level encounters in organizational settings. The system of physical rehabilitation in Quebec serves as a canvas to understand concerns and expectations of the different types actors solicited by this research. The ethnographic data presented here highlights the convergence and divergence between those who are involved in administering and receiving care. After describing the conditions and terms of intervention in the field of physical rehabilitation, there is a discussion of the specificity of immigrant clients and healthcare in pluriethnic contexts. Data collected from different actors highlights the difference between objective barriers to adequate services and factors which can be linked to culture. Analysis of the data focuses on communication in an intercultural or pluriethnic context and the flow of information, carefully examining the relationship between information, expertise and prejudice. The analysis also offers certain pathways to better understand the lack of reactivity in pluralistic contexts. The conclusion proposes a complementary approach which is intended to facilitate a dialogue between models based on discrimination and those on interculturalism. Anthropologists are presented as being particularly well positioned to answer new challenges generated by intercultural situations in an era of neoliberalism.

Cette thèse porte sur les dynamiques interculturelles et la réactivité des institutions dans les contextes pluralistes. Le contexte clinique, un exemple parmi tant d’autres, sert à saisir les enjeux des rencontres entre personnes d’origines différentes. Le milieu de la réadaptation physique apparaît particulièrement intéressant pour étudier les enjeux induits par les rencontres interculturelles, car les interventions y sont d’une durée relativement longue en comparaison avec les soins aigus, et ce type de pratique demande une grande collaboration de la part des clients. Cette recherche sollicite trois acteurs essentiels dans ce contexte : clients immigrants, intervenants et agents tiers payeurs (CSST) ont pris la parole lors de groupes de rencontre (focus group). La recherche d’un cadre théorique pertinent en anthropologie interculturelle revisite les courants moderniste et postmoderniste, à partir d’une approche critique, et propose une épistémologie interactionniste. Ces courants qui traversent l’anthropologie sont étudiés à la lumière de la clinique, ce qui engendre un dialogue entre les intervenants et les anthropologues. Le contexte ethnographique permet de cerner différents enjeux concernant les politiques de santé dans les contextes pluriethniques, ce qui permet de saisir, à partir de la gestion, des rapports d’emboitement entre le macro et le micro. Le fonctionnement de la réadaptation physique au Québec sert de toile de fond pour comprendre les discours des acteurs sollicités par cette recherche. L’ethnographie met en lumière les convergences et les divergences entre ces trois acteurs dans les contextes pluriethniques. Selon une méthode caractéristique des relations interculturelles, je présente d’abord l’intervention dans les institutions de réadaptation. Les clients immigrants sont mis en scène avec l’intervention dans les contextes pluriethniques. Les discours de tous ces acteurs mettent en lumière des barrières dites objectives et des facteurs liés à la culture. L’analyse s’intéresse à la communication et à la circulation de l’information dans les contextes pluriethniques; elle étudie les rapports entre l’information, la connaissance et les préjugés. L’analyse offre quelques pistes qui aident à comprendre l’imperméabilité du système de santé dans les contextes pluralistes. La conclusion propose une approche complémentariste pour établir un dialogue entre les modèles de discrimination et l’interculturel. Les anthropologues sont alors interpellés en vue de répondre aux nouveaux défis générés par le néolibéralisme. / This thesis is based on the intercultural and institutional dynamics of health care in pluralistic contexts. The clinical context makes it possible to understand what is at stake in encounters between people of different ethnic and religious backgrounds. The field of physical rehabilitation is a particularly interesting context for understanding these dynamics because interventions require long-term assessment and sustained collaboration on the part of clients. The current research examines three types of actors in this context: immigrant clients, health care specialists (or practitioners), and third party payers (CSST). In order to elaborate an intercultural theoretical framework, the thesis critically examines modernist and postmodernist orientations in anthropology, and through an epistemological approach proposes an interactionist orientation. These differing epistemological orientations are studied from a clinical standpoint and, the resulting analysis prepares the way for a dialogue between practitioners and anthropologists. The ethnographic context sheds light on various themes concerning the politics of healthcare in pluralistic contexts, but also the policies that influence different relationships between macroeconomics and local-level encounters in organizational settings. The system of physical rehabilitation in Quebec serves as a canvas to understand concerns and expectations of the different types actors solicited by this research. The ethnographic data presented here highlights the convergence and divergence between those who are involved in administering and receiving care. After describing the conditions and terms of intervention in the field of physical rehabilitation, there is a discussion of the specificity of immigrant clients and healthcare in pluriethnic contexts. Data collected from different actors highlights the difference between objective barriers to adequate services and factors which can be linked to culture. Analysis of the data focuses on communication in an intercultural or pluriethnic context and the flow of information, carefully examining the relationship between information, expertise and prejudice. The analysis also offers certain pathways to better understand the lack of reactivity in pluralistic contexts. The conclusion proposes a complementary approach which is intended to facilitate a dialogue between models based on discrimination and those on interculturalism. Anthropologists are presented as being particularly well positioned to answer new challenges generated by intercultural situations in an era of neoliberalism.

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2015-11-04T19:55:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Marineuza Correa do Espírito Santo.pdf: 3171440 bytes, checksum: df09dea14d26bb585401e338d3ea33c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-04T19:55:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Marineuza Correa do Espírito Santo.pdf: 3171440 bytes, checksum: df09dea14d26bb585401e338d3ea33c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-07 / A qualidade da pós-graduação Stricto Sensu no Brasil está relacionada diretamente com o nível de titulação do corpo docente. Sendo assim, acredita-se que o investimento na capacitação e qualificação docente deverá trazer benefícios para os seus Programas de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu, para uma melhor avaliação. Neste contexto, surge o seguinte problema: como avaliar a influência da capacitação e qualificação docente no desempenho da pós-graduação stricto sensu? A partir dessa premissa, esta pesquisa visa a analisar a influência das práticas e da política de capacitação e qualificação docente nos resultados da avaliação da pós-graduação pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) na Universidade Federal Fluminense. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica sistematizada, construiu-se um questionário que foi aplicado a uma amostra composta por Programas de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu da UFF que obtiveram notas de 3 a 7 nas três últimas avaliações da CAPES. Mais especificamente esta amostra foi composta pelos seguintes programas: Física, Engenharias I – Civil, Engenharias II – Metalúrgica, Engenharias III – Produção e Mecânica, Geociências (Geoquímica), Geografia e História.O questionário, contendo dezessete questões, sendo dezesseis fechadas e uma aberta, abordou os fatores que são influenciados pela capacitação e a qualificação do corpo docente, além da influência dos critérios de inserção social e internacionalização na melhoria da qualidade dos programas de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu na UFF. Como instrumento de apoio a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a plataforma Survey Monkey, tendo sido enviados 240 convites, dos quais 60 foram considerados válidos.Paralelamente, foram feitos levantamentos dos afastamentos dos docentes para qualificação no país e no exterior, bem como dos resultados da avaliação da CAPES dos oito Programas de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu selecionados. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que os fatores relacionados com os critérios de avaliação da CAPES foram percebidos como muito influenciados pelas práticas e políticas de capacitação e qualificação docente e que a política adotada pela UFF deve ser melhor divulgada para os docentes, além da necessidade do seu aprimoramento e de planejamento institucional.Confirmou-se também a alta influência dos critérios da inserção social e internacionalização na melhoria dos Programas de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu na UFF. Com base nesses resultados, podem ser estabelecidos parâmetros para a elaboração de políticas voltadas para a Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu na Universidade, além de fornecer subsídios para realização de estudos nessa área em outras Instituições de Ensino Superior. / The quality of stricto sensu postgraduate studies in Brazil is directly linked to lecturers’ academic degrees. For that reason, it is reasonable to believe that investment in training and qualification of teaching staff should benefit Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Programs, with a view to their being better evaluated. In this context, the following problem arises: how to assess the influence of training and qualification of teaching staff on the performance of stricto sensu postgraduate studies? Based on this premise, this study aims at analyzing the influence of practices and policies for training and qualification of teaching staff on the results of the postgraduate program evaluation carried out by Coordenação de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) at the Universidade Federal Fluminense. Following from systematic bibliographic research, a questionnaire was devised and applied to a sample audience comprised of Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Programs from UFF which obtained grades 3 to 7 in the last three evaluations from CAPES. More specifically, this sample contemplated the following programs: Physics, Engineering I – Civil, Engineering II – Metallurgical, Engineering III – Production and Mechanical, Geosciences (Geochemistry), Geography and History. The questionnaire, which contained seventeen questions, with sixteen open questions and one closed question, dealt with factors which are influenced by training and qualification of teaching staff, as well as the influence of social insertion and internationalization criteria on quality improvement of Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Programs at UFF. The instrument for support to data collection used was the Survey Monkey® platform, through which a total of 240 invitations were sent, with 60 considered valid. In parallel, the leaves of absence taken by teaching staff for study in Brazil and abroad was surveyed, as well as the results of CAPES evaluation of the eight Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Programs selected. The survey results showed that the factors related to the CAPES evaluation criteria were perceived as being heavily influenced by the practices and policies for training and qualification of teaching staff and that the policy adopted by UFF must be better communicated to teaching staff, besides the need for its improvement and for institutional planning. The strong influence of social insertion and internationalization criteria on the improvement of Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Programs at UFF was also confirmed. On the basis of these results, some parameters for the elaboration of policies concerning the Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Programs at the University may be established, and the study may also contribute to studies in this area at other higher education institutions.