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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
411

Die invloed van etikettering op die persoonswees van die mens: `n Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige perspektief

Kotzé, Francina 30 November 2003 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / The aim of this study was to determine the effect of labeling on a person's being from an educational-psychological perspective. The focus was therefore placed mainly on the following: § Labeling as a phenomenon, with specific reference to what labeling is and its effect on a person's being. § The use of the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory as a theoretical basis for determining the effect of labeling on a person's being. § The compilation of a diagnostic questionnaire within the framework of the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory that was used in the empirical study. It was found that the consequences of labeling are generally permanent and irreversible, and that they result in isolation of the individual. A diagnostic questionnaire was operationalised in terms of the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory, and was used to determine the effect of labeling. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Guidance)
412

Learning commercial beekeeping: two cases of social learning in southern African community natural resources management contexts

Masara, Christopher January 2011 (has links)
Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) in southern Africa has gained an important role in alleviating poverty and conserving natural resources. The attention and funding CBNRM is receiving from governments, non-governmental organisations and donors is seen as one way to strengthen civil society‟s involvement in decision-making and participating in activities that contribute to a sustainable livelihood, whilst at the same time learning in their social contexts to adapt and care for the ever changing environment characterised by constraints, challenges, contradictions, new opportunities for learning and change. This study focuses on social learning in commercialisation of natural resource products in two case studies of commercial beekeeping in rural southern African contexts. In this study social learning entails a process of qualitative change taking place in a social context for the purpose of personal and social adaptation. This perspective is useful in this study as learning in the two cases, Hluleka in South Africa and Buhera in Zimbabwe involved the transition beekeeping.from traditional honey harvesting practices and subsistence beekeeping to commercial beekeeping. This study is informed by two related theoretical perspectives namely Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) and Social Learning Theory. CHAT was used as conceptual and methodological framework to inform the first phase of data gathering and analysis processes; as well as second phase data gathering. In the first phase, I gathered data through semistructured interviews, document reviews and observations to identify problems, challenges and critical incidents in learning commercial beekeeping, technically known as tensions and contradictions within the CHAT framework. These tensions and contradictions, surfaced through analysis of first phase data were used as "mirror data‟ in Intervention Workshops within CHAT's process of Developmental Work Research, which supports social learning in response to tensions and contradictions in workplace activity. Use of mirror data provided a basis for dialogue and the modelling of new solutions to identified contradictions. To interpret the social learning processes resulting from these interactions, I drew on Wals' (2007) analytical lenses, through which I was able to monitor social learning processes that emerged from the Intervention Workshop dialogues while beekeepers modelled new solutions to contradictions in learning commercial beekeeping. The findings of the study revealed that social learning in commercial beekeeping is internally and externally influenced by socio-cultural, political and economic complexities. Social learning in Intervention Workshops was supported by different knowledge bases of participants, in this study these are beekeepers, extension officers, trainers and development facilitators. Such knowledge bases were the source of information for learning and constructing model solutions. The study also revealed that learning in CBNRM workplaces can be observed across the development processes, and CHAT as a methodological tool and Wals‟ (2007) analytical tool are complementary and can be used in researching social learning in other CBNRM workplaces. The study contributes in-depth insight into participatory research and learning processes, especially within the context of CBRM in southern Africa. It gives some empirical and explanatory insight into how change-oriented social learning can emerge and be expanded in Education for Sustainable Development. It also provides learning and extension tools to work with contradictions that arise from socio-cultural and historical dimensions of learning commercialisation of natural resources in southern African context. Its other key contribution is that it provides further insight into the mobilisation of human agency and reflexivity in change oriented social learning processes of commercialisation of sustainable natural resources products and poverty alleviation processes that are critical for responding to socioecological issues and risks and development challenges in southern Africa.
413

Investigating and expanding learning in co-management of fisheries resources to inform extension training

Kachilonda, Dick Daffu Kachanga January 2015 (has links)
This study investigates and expands learning associated with the co-management of fisheries resources to inform extension and training in the fisheries sector in two case study sites in Malawi. The study was located in the field of environmental education with a specific focus on community learning, agency and sustainability practices in co-management of fisheries resources. It focuses on how fisheries stakeholder learning can be mediated through expansive social learning processes to inform extension and training in the Malawi fisheries sector and aims at understanding learning as an emergent, agency centred process of change through social learning models that are said to have power to mobilise community agency for change. The empirical research for the study was conducted in two Malawian fishing communities: in Lake Malombe and the south-east arm of Lake Malawi using qualitative case study research design. The two sites were selected because they were the first sites in Malawi to implement fisheries co-management programmes following the failure of centralised management of fisheries resources. Data was generated through interviews, focus group discussions, document analysis, observations and change laboratory workshops in both sites. The two sites fall under one administrative office based in Mangochi where the two important institutions of the sector – the Fisheries Research Unit of the Department of Fisheries and the Fisheries College (a government institution responsible for the training of extension services) are also based. Both sites have implemented new governance structures named Beach Village Committees which are community-based organisational structures that function in parallel with traditional authorities to manage the fishery. Contextual and literature review work showed that extension services and programmes over the past hundred years, as observed in the fisheries sector in Malawi and in extension services elsewhere, have co-evolved with approaches to natural resources management. Early approaches to natural resources management involved traditional management (associated extension services and programmes were community based); later fisheries governance practices changed to centralised management and associated extension approaches were mainly top-down involving command and control or technology transfer. These early approaches have been problematic as resource users were pushed away from their own resources and were viewed as poachers. This resulted in loss of ownership among resources users. Recently in Malawi, after the change of government to democracy in 1994, fisheries management policy focused on co-management and/or adaptive co-management approaches, an approach that has also been adopted in other African water bodies. This has implications for extension service programmes in the fisheries sector that are not yet well defined. The study’s literature review revealed that co-management approaches assume collaborative learning, or co-learning, also termed social learning, or approaches that promote the engagement of different actors who are working on shared practice. They also assume a new form of agency among co-management stakeholders and extension workers. However, the theoretical foundations for establishing co-learning or social learning approaches in support of co-management policies are not well established in the fisheries co-management sector in Malawi, nor are the practices of how to support co-learning amongst diverse stakeholders in the fisheries co-management in the Lake Malawi context. This study sought to address this gap in knowledge and practice.
414

Comportamento coletivo e interações sociais no Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Santa Maria : aprendizagem social e emergência do empreendedorismo socioambiental

Madruga, Lúcia Rejane Rosa Gama January 2009 (has links)
O gerenciamento da água em bacias hidrográficas implica criar as condições para congregar os diversos pontos de vista dos atores sociais envolvidos, de modo a possibilitar a tomada de decisão consensual. Os interesses dos atores que disputam esse recurso precisam ser compartilhados e alinhados com o equacionamento dos problemas no presente e com a criação de uma visão de futuro que respeite as condições de sustentabilidade para as próximas gerações. Portanto, a gestão precisa promover aprendizagem de natureza social. Este estudo procurou mostrar como ocorre a aprendizagem social em um comitê de gerenciamento de bacia hidrográfica e também como a Teoria da Emergência auxilia na compreensão do comportamento coletivo dos agentes nesse espaço de negociação. A construção do referencial teórico com base nas teorias da aprendizagem social e da emergência possibilitou verificar que o empreendedorismo socioambiental apresenta elementos subjacentes a essas duas correntes conceituais. Diante disso, essa temática foi incorporada ao estudo. A estratégia metodológica utilizada foi o estudo de caso em profundidade no sentido proposto por Yin (2005). A unidade de análise foi o Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Quanto à finalidade, a pesquisa foi classificada como descritiva. Foram utilizados dados primários e secundários e o processo de análise contemplou abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas. A principal fonte de evidências foi um levantamento estruturado realizado com os integrantes do Comitê. O estudo utilizou outras fontes como documentos, entrevistas e observações. A aprendizagem social foi observada nos níveis individual, de grupo e organizacional. Os resultados mostraram que esse é um fenômeno multidimensional que exige o desenvolvimento do conhecimento e também das habilidades relacionais dos agentes. A análise das características do Comitê à luz da Teoria da Emergência evidenciou as propriedades subjacentes dessa teoria respeitando os preceitos dos autores consultados e ressaltando diversas emergências decorrentes de sua criação. A criação do Comitê parece tratar-se de uma inovação social transformadora que contribuiu para demover a estrutura atomizada dos agentes envolvidos e que pode mudar os rumos dos problemas socioeconômicos e ambientais na região, em grande medida pelas relações e interações que possibilitou entre esses mesmos agentes. A análise do comportamento empreendedor dos integrantes mostrou que eles desenvolveram competência social baseada principalmente em interdependência e "suscetibilidade mútua", comprometimento, redes e relacionamento, liderança e adaptabilidade social. As mudanças sofridas por eles, assim como as principais mudanças atribuídas ao Comitê, evidenciaram a ampliação do capital social dos indivíduos e da organização e também a valorização do coletivo acima dos interesses individuais. / Watershed basin management involves creating the right conditions to bring together a variety of points of view from involved social actors, in such a way as to make consensual decision making possible. The interests of actors competing for this resource need to be shared and aligned with the establishment of present-day problems and by creating a vision for the future that respects sustainable conditions of sustainability for generations to come. Therefore, management needs to promote learning of a social nature. This study has sought to demonstrate how social learning takes place in a watershed basin management committee, as well as how Emergence Theory helps one to comprehend the collective behavior of agents in this negotiation space. The construction of a theoretical foundation based on social learning and emergence theories made it possible to verify that socioenvironmental entrepreneurship presents elements which underlie these two conceptual currents. In the face of this, this theme was incorporated into the study. An in-depth case study, in the sense proposed by Yin (2005) was chosen as the methodological strategy. The unit chosen for analysis was the Santa Maria River Watershed Basin Management Committee, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As for the finality, the research was classified as descriptive. Primary and secondary data was used, and the analytical process contemplated quantitative and qualitative approaches. The main source of evidence was a structured survey carried out with the members of the Committee. The study also used other sources, such as documents, interviews and observations. Social learning was observed at the individual, group, and organizational levels. The results demonstrated that this is a multidimensional phenomenon that demands the development of knowledge, as well as interpersonal skills on the part of the agents. The analysis of the Committee's characteristics under the light of the Emergence Theory provided evidence of the underlying properties of this theory, respecting the precepts of the consulted authors and emphasizing a variety of emergences resulting from its creation. The creation of the Committee appears to be a transformative social innovation that contributed to changing the atomized structure of involved agents and which can change the course of regional socio-economic and environmental problems, in great measure through the relations and interactions it made possible between said agents. Analysis of members' entrepreneurial behavior demonstrated that they developed social abilities based mainly on interdependence and "mutual susceptibility", commitment, networks and relationships, leadership and social adaptability. The changes they experienced, as well as the main changes attributed to the Committee, provided evidence of the enlargement of the social capital of individuals and the organization as well as increased value placed on the collective, above individual interests.
415

ATORES SOCIAIS E A CONSTRUÇÃO DA INOVAÇÃO NA PISCICULTURA / SOCIAL ACTORS AND THE MAKING OF INNOVATION IN PISCICULTURE

Santos, Iolanda Araujo Ferreira dos 27 March 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We assume pisciculture is not traditional activity for family agriculture, therefore, that research emerge from the question: how occur innovation processes in pisciculture? The major goal of that dissertation is to characterize characterize the dynamics of the innovation system in pisciculture in the county of Santa Maria, RS Brazil. After the bibliographic research in agriculture innovation, we take the option for the systemic perspective reading, particularly, with soft systems and systems of innovation approach to understand the reality object of that research. That qualitative research comprises semi-structured interviews, site visits and documental analysis. The investigation of the pisciculture history in the Santa Maria identify the major actors which interact in the making of the system of innovation in the field, emphasizing that is a dynamic system in permanent process of structuration with many actors and interests. The empirical research with the farmers has the goal to identify the modification in the fish farming system with the characterization of the technological trajectory of each one of the farmers and the process of learning related with innovative practices. The results show an affluence of innovation in the Santa Maria pisciculture with a major influence of coordination actors of the systems that make an effort to the professionalization of the farmers technics. In the analysis of the technological trajectories and the motivation for technological changes highlights the importance of the living fish marketplace as an event of major importance in the structuration of Santa Maria pisciculture system of innovation. / Tomando como pressuposto que a piscicultura não é uma atividade tradicional para a agricultura familiar, essa pesquisa surgiu a partir de um questionamento: como ocorrem os processos de mudança tecnológica na piscicultura? O objetivo geral dessa dissertação é caracterizar a dinâmica do sistema de inovação na piscicultura no município de Santa Maria, RS Brasil. Após revisar leituras sobre os processos de inovação na agricultura, optou-se por utilizar como a perspectiva sistêmica, com o recorte dos soft systems e dos sistemas de inovação para o entendimento da realidade em estudo. Essa pesquisa de caráter qualitativo foi viabilizada através da realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, visitas de campo, observação e análises de documentos. A recuperação do histórico da piscicultura no município identificou os atores que interagiram na construção do sistema de inovação em estudo, enfatizando que se trata de um sistema dinâmico, com múltiplos atores e interesses, e que está em permanente estruturação. A pesquisa empírica com os produtores foi direcionada à identificação das modificações realizadas no sistema de cultivo de peixes identificando a trajetória tecnológica de cada um dos produtores e os processos de aprendizagem relacionados as mudanças tecnológicas identificadas. Os resultados demonstram uma diversidade de mudanças tecnológicas na piscicultura em Santa Maria, que se mostram influenciadas, em sua maioria, pelas iniciativas dos atores coordenadores do sistema no sentido de profissionalizar a piscicultura. Ao analisar as trajetórias tecnológicas e as motivações que originaram as mudanças no formato tecnológico, ressalta-se a importância da feira do peixe vivo, colocando-a como evento importante na estruturação do sistema de inovação na piscicultura em Santa Maria.
416

Aprendizagem social no jogo Equilíbrio Geométrico (PNAIC): por uma analítica existencial do movimento

Silva, Micaela Ferreira dos Santos 25 August 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-22T12:50:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2863825 bytes, checksum: 4a50fcfc819e37d2c597ba65a0ab6546 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-22T12:50:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2863825 bytes, checksum: 4a50fcfc819e37d2c597ba65a0ab6546 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / This research investigated the process of social learning through the body communication modes of the students of elementary school from a public school at the time of the game Geometric Balance of the National Pact for Literacy in the Age One - PNAIC. We can question-problem: bodily communication modes present in the PNAIC game practice contribute to the development of social learning? The study aims to analyze social learning by bodily communication modes present in the game situation. It is a descriptive, qualitative, characterized as a case study. The study was developed with the collaboration of 24 children aged between 7 and 8 years of the 3rd year of elementary school at the Escola Estadual Gilberto Rola, located in the Rural Area of the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. They were used as data collection instruments participant observation, the field diary, observation protocol and the dialogical group. The game Geometric Balance was implemented in the school routine in four classes conducted by literacy teacher accompanied by the researcher teacher. The collected data on participant observation and the field diary were analyzed by Analytic Existential Movement (Gomes-da-Silva, 2012; 2011; 2001) and the Social Cognitive Theory (Albert Bandura, 1986, 1977, 2008). Data from the dialogical group were investigated by content analysis (Bardin, 2011). The study shows that social modeling developed in the game Geometric balance was driven by body communication mode "primordial of fronting" by having a competitive character action immediately and creative. The so that children move is a means of driving the communication behavior modeling process and therefore social learning. We conclude that learning the game Geometric Balance depart directly from interactions between players in this communication process is to promote creativity and competitiveness between subjects, reverberating significant new interactive practices. / Esta pesquisa investigou o processo de aprendizagem social, através dos modos de comunicação corporal dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental I de uma escola pública, no momento do jogo Equilíbrio Geométrico do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa - PNAIC. Tendo como questão-problema: Quais as contribuições dos modos de comunicação corporais presentes na prática do jogo do PNAIC contribuem para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem social, e como elas ocorrem? O estudo objetivou analisar a aprendizagem social pelos modos de comunicação corporais presentes na situação do jogo. É uma pesquisa descritiva e analítica, de natureza qualitativa, caracterizada como estudo de caso. O estudo se desenvolveu com a colaboração de 24 crianças com idades entre sete e oito anos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental I, da Escola Estadual Gilberto Rola, situada na zona rural da cidade de Mossoró - Rio Grande do Norte. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de coleta de dados a observação participante, o diário de campo, o protocolo de observação e o grupo dialogal. O jogo Equilíbrio Geométrico foi implementado na rotina escolar em quatro aulas, conduzidas pela professora alfabetizadora, acompanhada pela professora pesquisadora. Os dados coletados na observação participante e no diário de campo foram analisados pela Analítica Existencial do Movimento (Gomes-da-Silva, 2012; 2011; 2001) e pela Teoria Social Cognitiva (BANDURA, 1986, 1977, 2008). Os dados obtidos no grupo dialogal foram investigados pela Análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). O estudo aponta que a modelação social desenvolvida no jogo Equilíbrio Geométrico foi impulsionada pelo modo de comunicação corporal “primordial de anteposição”, por ter um caráter de ação competitiva, imediata e criativa. O modo como as crianças se movimentam é uma forma de comunicação impulsionadora do processo de modelação dos comportamentos e, consequentemente, da aprendizagem social. Concluímos que, no jogo ‘Equilíbrio Geométrico’, as aprendizagens partem diretamente das interações entre os jogadores. Nesse processo de comunicação, promovem-se a criatividade e a competitividade entre os sujeitos, reverberando novas práticas interativas significativas.
417

Identity and Professional Trajectories of Eastern European Immigrant Women in the United States

January 2014 (has links)
abstract: The immigration process changes personal narratives and professional trajectories and challenges identities and individual beliefs. Yet there is currently limited research on European women immigrants' transitions in the United States. This study examines personal and professional trajectories, in the United States, of Eastern European immigrant (EEI) women with prior educational attainment in their country of origin. This study examines the following issues: personal/social learning, developmental and professional experiences prior to and post migration, and social lives after the women's arrival in the United States. The study discusses the results of in-depth interviews with eight EEI women living in Arizona and California and recounts these women's life stories, gathered through open-ended questions that focused on areas of their personal and professional lives, such as childhood, marriage, immigration, education, family relations, socio-economic status, employment, child- rearing, and other significant life events. These areas impacted the women's creation of personal beliefs and their ability to develop new identities in the United States. The study examines EEI women's identity constructions within their life trajectory narratives. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Psychology 2014
418

Dust of ideas in the wind ou como pequenos grãos de ideias se propagam: o impacto do ambiente internacional e as pressões internas sobre o padrão na oferta de políticas públicas no Brasil e na Colômbia / Dust of ideas in the wind or as a grain of ideas propagate: the impact of the international environment and internal pressures on in the supply of public policies in Brazil and Colombia

Costa, Saulo Felipe 24 May 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-04-16T17:37:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Saulo Felipe Costa.pdf: 39300044 bytes, checksum: f6782ca64fbf0bdf0e899f17f6bf1d0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T17:37:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Saulo Felipe Costa.pdf: 39300044 bytes, checksum: f6782ca64fbf0bdf0e899f17f6bf1d0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-24 / CAPES / The research aimed to screen for evidence of the influence of ideals of the international medium on the pattern of public policies in Brazil and Colombia. Through an approach that linked the theory of two levels games and policy paradigm understanding in Kuhn and the mechanism of social learning, it was possible to develop a proxy for the degree of influence of international pressure for the adoption of a given policies. We attempted to analyze the influence of the proposed of solution to the state problems, issued by multilateral agencies, through what became known as the Washington Consensus. The choice of Brazil was due to an increased availability of data, while the choice of Colombia is its function in this country experience a long period of democratic rule, with jarring ideological profile of the Brazilian. For this, the research has focused on the behavior of public spending in both countries, was also performed a more specific case study on the deployment of the managerial model of public administration in Brazil, with the aim of better understanding how this process occurred import and export of ideas and solutions for different problems. The research showed that multilateral organizations have greater power to print your ideas in countries' policies when such changes are first and second order, by type built. In return, changes in third order are only induced by multilateral bodies, since the ideology of society plays a more decisive role for the incorporation or not of such ideas "exogenous”. / A pesquisa em tela buscou por evidências da influência de ideais do meio internacional sobre o padrão de oferta de políticas públicas no Brasil e na Colômbia. Através de uma abordagem que uniu a teoria dos jogos de dois níveis à compreensão de mudança de paradigma em Kuhn e ao mecanismo de aprendizagem social (social learning), foi possível elaborar uma proxy para o grau de influência das pressões internacionais pela adoção de determinado conjunto de políticas. Buscou-se analisar a influência das propostas de solução aos problemas estatais, emanadas por agências multilaterais, através do que ficou conhecido como Consenso de Washington. A escolha do Brasil se deu devido uma maior disponibilidade de dados, ao passo que a opção pela Colômbia se deu em função deste país experimentar um longo período democrático, com perfil ideológico destoante do brasileiro. Para tanto, a pesquisa se debruçou sobre o comportamento do gasto público em ambos os países, foi executado também um estudo de caso mais específico sobre a implantação do modelo gerencial de administração pública no Brasil, com o intuito de melhor compreender como se deu este processo de importação e exportação de ideais e soluções para os mais diversos problemas. A pesquisa evidenciou que os organismos multilaterais possuem um maior poder de imprimir seu ideário nas políticas dos países quando tais mudanças são de primeira e de segunda ordem, segundo a tipologia construída. Em contra partida, mudanças de terceira ordem são susceptíveis apenas de indução pelos organismos multilaterais, uma vez que a ideologia da sociedade desempenha um papel mais determinante para a incorporação ou não de tal ideário “exógeno”.
419

Escolha de alvos coespecíficos na observação do uso de ferramentas por macacos-prego (Cebus libidinosus) selvagens / Choice of conspecific targets in the observation of tool use by wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus)

Eduardo Darvin Ramos da Silva 02 July 2008 (has links)
A quebra de frutos encapsulados por macacos-prego com o auxílio de ferramentas é tipicamente objeto de observação e scrounging por coespecíficos, bastante tolerados e em geral mais jovens e menos proficientes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar o processo de escolha, pelos observadores, dos alvos de observação, e se esta escolha pode otimizar as oportunidades de scrounging. A pesquisa foi realizada com um grupo de macacos-prego selvagens (Cebus libidinosus) na Fazenda Boa Vista (Piauí - Brasil), numa área de ecótono cerrado/caatinga. A partilha de alimento fora dos episódios de quebra de cocos e o uso de ferramentas para a quebra de outros itens alimentares encapsulados também foram abordados. Indivíduos de todas as classes de idade e sexo se envolveram na observação da quebra de cocos, havendo uma grande variação individual. Nossas análises mostram que os macacos preferencialmente escolhidos como alvos de observação foram aqueles que apresentaram maior Freqüência, Proficiência e Produtividade na quebra de cocos. Apesar de haver interações agonísticas durante os eventos de observação, os alvos se mostram muito tolerantes à observação e ao scrounging - 25% dos episódios de quebra são observados e mais da metade destes eventos de observação resultam em scrounging. Os observadores tiveram a oportunidade de comer os restos dos cocos e de manipular os itens do sítio de quebra. Estas observações reforçam a noção de que as condições e possibilidades vivenciadas pelo observador-scrounger otimizam as oportunidades para que ocorram processos de aprendizagem socialmente mediada, ao menos por realce de estímulo. Tal exposição próxima ao comportamento do alvo poderia influenciar aspectos mais finos do comportamento dos observadores, ao longo de sua história de aprendizagem. O presente estudo aborda estas interações entre manipuladores de ferramentas e observadores/scroungers pela primeira vez em uma população selvagem e discute as semelhanças e discrepâncias em relação aos resultados anteriormente obtidos com uma população em semil-liberdade. / The tool-aided cracking of encapsulated fruit by capuchin monkeys is a frequent target of observation and scrounging by conspecifics, well-tolerated and usually younger and less proficient. The present study aimed to examine the process of observational targets choice by the observers, and whether this choice can optimize scrounging opportunities. The research was conducted with a group of wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) in Fazenda Boa Vista (Piauí, Brazil), in an ecotone area between cerrado and caatinga savanna-like environments. Food sharing in contexts other than nut cracking, as well as the use of tools to crack open other food items were also analyzed. Individuals from all age and sex classes were involved in nut cracking observation. Our analyses show that the monkeys preferentially chosen as observational targets were the ones exhibiting the greater Frequency, Proficiency, and Productivity in nut cracking. In spite of a few agonistic interactions during observation events, the targets tend to be very tolerant to observation and to scrounging (25% of the nut cracking events are observed, and more than half of these resulted in scrounging). The observers had the opportunity of eating nuts leftovers and of manipulating items from the cracking sites, both in the presence and in the absence of the targets. These findings strengthen the idea that the conditions and possibilities experienced by the observers-scroungers optimize the opportunities for socially biased learning processes, at least by stimulus enhancement. Such close exposure to the targets behavior could also influence finer details of the observers behavior in the long run. The present study is the first one to deal with these interactions between tool manipulators and observers/scroungers in a wild population and discusses the similarities and differences from previous observations from a semi-free population.
420

Diálogos entre patrimônio, meio ambiente e aprendizagem social: uma experiência de educação patrimonial em pesquisa-ação no bairro paulistano de Santo Amaro / Dialogues between Heritage, environment and social learning: a heritage education experience in action research in São Paulo neighborhood of Santo Amaro

Ana Cristina Chagas dos Anjos 26 April 2016 (has links)
No sentido de uma construção coletiva de conhecimento e de significados atribuídos ao patrimônio cultural (material e imaterial) de Santo Amaro que foi desenvolvida essa pesquisaação. Partindo de atividades de Educação Patrimonial e com base na Aprendizagem Social, buscou-se o estabelecimento de uma interação da pesquisadora com alguns dos diversos atores e interlocutores de Santo Amaro para a evidenciação e valorização dos bens culturais da região. A pesquisa-ação elaborou e desenvolveu atividades pautadas pela aplicação de metodologias participativas que visaram estimular o interesse, o engajamento e uma participação mais ativa de moradores tradicionais do bairro, do público participante das ações culturais mantidas por algumas instituições e entidades locais, agentes culturais e formadores de opinião da região e alunos e professores de escolas públicas existentes em Santo Amaro para com seu patrimônio cultural. / In order to a collective construction of knowledge and meanings attributed to Santo Amaro\'s cultural heritage (material and immaterial) that was developed this action research. Starting with Heritage Education activities and based on Social Learning sought to establish a researcher\'s interaction with some of the various Santo Amaro\'s actors and interlocutors for the disclosure and presentation of region cultural objects. The action research drafted and developed guided activities by the application of participatory methodologies which aimed to encourage the interesting, engagement and participation more active by the traditional neighborhood residents, the public that participated of the cultural actions maintained by some institutions and local entities, cultural agents and opinion formers of the region and students and teachers of public school that exist in Santo Amaro for with its cultural heritage.

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