A questão da securitização das migrações, enquanto problema de pesquisa, surgiu no contexto dos debates acerca da ampliação do conceito de segurança que tomou corpo no pós-Guerra Fria, dadas as grandes transformações que se sucederam a este evento-chave da política internacional contemporânea. No caso da fronteira Estados Unidos-México, este é um fenômeno que, de fato, pode ser observado desde o final dos anos 1970, tendo atingido o seu ápice no pós-Onze de Setembro. A partir deste cenário, o objetivo do presente trabalho de pesquisa é o de analisar a dinâmica da securitização dos fluxos migratórios no contexto da fronteira Estados Unidos-México; em especial, o caso dos imigrantes indocumentados, que são o alvo primário das práticas securitizantes. Para tanto, será empregado o ferramental teórico desenvolvido pela Escola de Copenhague; em especial, a teoria de securitização e o conceito de segurança societal. Ao final, buscar-se-á problematizar a questão, tendo-se em vista as reflexões desenvolvidas ao longo do trabalho, bem como avaliar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento da mesma, assumindo como pressuposto que o ideal seria a progressiva desecuritização do tema e a adoção de uma política migratória, por parte dos EUA, mais moderna, pragmática e humana, e que a questão da segurança fosse tratada separadamente, considerando a questão migratória mas sem elevá-la ao nível do excepcional, que é o que justifica a securitização, a qual tem um enorme potencial para gerar, nesta seara, graves consequências de caráter humanitário. / The securitization of migrations issue as a research problem has arisen in the context of the debates on broadening the concept of security in the post-Cold War era, taking in consideration the significant changes that followed this key-event in the contemporary international politics. In the case of the United States-Mexico border, this is a phenomenon that, in fact, can be observed since the late 1970s, having reached its apex in the post-09/11. In this scenario, the aim of the current research work is to assess the dynamics of the securitization of migrations flows in the context of the United States-Mexico border; mainly, the case of the undocumented immigrants, who are the primary targets of the securitization practices. Theoretical methodology developed by the Copenhagen School; mainly the securitization theory and the concept of societal security, will be utilized as assessment tools in the current research work. At the end, the objective will be to problematize the question, taking in consideration the reflections raised during the research work, as well as evaluating the development possibilities, assuming as an ideal scenario the progressive desecuritization and the adoption of a more modern, pragmatic, and human migratory policy by the United States; and that the security issue be treated separately, considering the migratory issue but without elevating it to the exceptional level, which justifies the securitization, and has an enormous potential of generating severe humanitarian consequences in this field.

Public computer systems (PCS) are systems designed for use at the interface between organizations and their clients. PCS intervene in client-organization relations; the questions discussed in this thesis are what role they play in the client-organization encounter, what role they could and should play, and what theories might be available to guide the development of such systems. While the fields of Human-Computer Interaction (HCl) and Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) focus on (one) man - (one) machine interaction and computer-mediated interaction in small groups respectively, this study focuses on computer-mediated or computer supported interaction between organizations and individual clients. This focus is chosen because the emerging electronic markets make social dimensions not covered by HCl and CSCW relevant to information systems design. While PCS and electronic markets have so far been studied mainly from technical and economic perspectives, this study takes a communications perspective. The nature of actual PCS implementations is studied with respect to changes in the communicational style of the client-organization encounter. The relations between organizations and clients concern not only the actors directly involved. They also affect the general social climate, the societal dialogue, particularly so when public agencies are concerned. What does it mean to change the arenas for the societal dialogue? One candidate theory pertinent to PCS impact on the societal dialogue, participatory theory as of Rousseau, J. S. Mill and Cole, is investigated. Based on this theory, a model for participatory information systems (PARTIS) is developed. This model is proposed as a base for PCS design. The Feedback Learning Strategy (FLS) is then outlined as a method for the design and redesign of the computerized parts of a PARTIS. The strategy is based on built-in functions aimed at encouraging and facilitating participation. An example of a FLS prototype system, the LiveBetter, is introduced and discussed. Conclusions are in short: • PCS are important ingredients in societal information systems, and must therefore be designed to support communication according to democratic principles. • To be effective, PCS must be well integrated with organizational structures. • Participatory information systems must include a redesign forum that supports discovery, fair interest articulation, multiple descriptions, equality, and conflict resolution. • The specific design of those facilities must be done in each case. This is a challenge for systems design which I call conversation management; it is more an organizational challenge than a technical one. • Computerized tools may be used to enhance the participatoriness of the systems. / <p>Diss. Umeå : Univ.</p> / digitalisering@umu

Social entrepreneurship is given considerable attention within literature and academic research despite that fact it is an area that needs considerable attention and research. The main purpose for societal entrepreneurs is to create societal value but there can be difficulties to understand value creation within the area. Important components within Total Quality Management (TQM) are process orientation and value creation. A TQM perspective with processes in focus provides opportunities to clarify societal value creation within societal entrepreneurship initiatives. The main purpose of this thesis has been to explore how societal value is created within the area of societal entrepreneurship and the underlying purpose has been to contribute to the development of knowledge and understanding about the societal entrepreneurship area. In order to fulfil the purpose one literature case study and three empirical case studies have been conducted with processes in focus. The literature case study was conducted first and it resulted in a theoretical process map based on a process perspective, which showed how societal value was created within a societal entrepreneurship initiative. After that the three empirical case studies were conducted separately and the findings from the empirical case studies were compared with the previously developed theoretical process map. A cross case analysis was made to find out if the process map could be confirmed, developed or rejected. The result of the case studies contributes to earlier findings within research and gives a common, comprehensive and simplified picture of a complex phenomenon and an opportunity to understand how societal value is created. A general overall process map is presented that gives a picture of how value is created within the area of societal entrepreneurship. The result shows the management process and support process fields. The map also shows a main process that is further developed with input, output and sub processes. The studies point out that societal value is created through processes and that societal value creation can be described out of a process orientation perspective. Important components to create societal value have been found to be: 'unidentified needs'; 'knowledge about the context'; 'identified need'; 'an idea or a vision'; and some kind of 'organization' and important activities to create value seem to be: 'being in the context'; 'analysis of knowledge'; 'searching for solution'; 'organize and mobilize'; and 'realize'. Fields where support processes are performed that are of importance in societal value creation have been identified. Those fields are 'creation of financing opportunities'; 'performance of political decisions and acts'; 'development and use of networks'; 'establishment of initiative'; 'creation of media information'; 'development and use of scientific results'; and 'development and use of competence'. The map does have potential for development. Further studies need to be done within the area concerning how societal value is created and to get an even more comprehensive process map of the societal entrepreneurship area but the result presented in this thesis is a start to understanding how societal value is created and to develop knowledge and understanding of the societal entrepreneurship area.

Submitted by Fabiany Feitosa (fabiany.sousa@ufba.br) on 2017-03-21T12:58:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flávio Santos Novaes.pdf: 2467330 bytes, checksum: 232694c0d8e4179a7c75de3123b561f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2017-03-21T18:07:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Flávio Santos Novaes.pdf: 2467330 bytes, checksum: 232694c0d8e4179a7c75de3123b561f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T18:07:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flávio Santos Novaes.pdf: 2467330 bytes, checksum: 232694c0d8e4179a7c75de3123b561f8 (MD5) / O presente estudo de caso analisa o Orçamento Participativo de Vitória da Conquista em suas possibilidades efetivas de democratizar a gestão pública municipal. No contexto da crise econômica mundial dos anos de 1980 e 1990 e da redemocratização da sociedade brasileira, o orçamento participativo foi analisado em meio à emergência de experiências participativas de gestão e às discussões sobre a reforma do Estado, onde se destacaram duas posições principais, como os defensores do modelo gerencial, alinhados com as ideias hegemônicas nos anos 1990 de redução do papel do Estado frente à sociedade e à economia, e os críticos às ideias do “gerencialismo” e da “globalização”. O orçamento participativo foi situado no debate sobre a teoria democrática, onde diferentes modelos de democracia são avaliados, como a democracia participativa, a deliberativa e a representativa, além de abordar o modelo de gestão pública societal, para entender o desenvolvimento de diferentes experiências participativas ao nível da gestão local no Brasil. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental, entrevistas e questionários, o estudo foi conduzido no sentido de avaliar se o orçamento participativo de Vitória da Conquista efetivamente democratiza a gestão pública municipal a ponto de configurar uma gestão societal. Foram analisadas algumas dimensões do problema, como a participação social, a legitimidade do processo de OP e a dimensão institucional administrativa, mediante pesquisa a diferentes documentos sobre o OP-VC, como atas de plenárias, fóruns de delegados e congressos, históricos, ofícios, jornais etc., foram entrevistados integrantes da equipe do OP-VC e outros dirigentes municipais, além de integrantes dos movimentos sociais, líderes sindicais dos servidores públicos e Vereadores da oposição. Também foram aplicados 350 questionários aos delegados do IX Congresso do Orçamento Participativo, em 2011, dos quais 262 foram respondidos e analisados mediante a utilização do Os resultados do estudo indicam que o orçamento participativo de Vitória da Conquista contribui apenas parcialmente com a democratização da gestão pública municipal, pois não é o principal instrumento de uma efetiva participação da população na definição das políticas públicas e na aplicação dos recursos públicos. Em razão disso, o OP-VC não favorece plenamente à construção de uma gestão pública societal, ampliando os canais de participação da sociedade civil, cuja participação na gestão municipal é limitada a alguns segmentos. Por outro lado, o orçamento participativo favoreceu a ampliação da base social da sociedade política e a criação de laços políticos entre parcela da população e os gestores municipais, o que contribuiu para a permanência no poder municipal do mesmo projeto político ao longo de quinze anos. Finalmente, devido às suas limitações políticas e administrativas, o orçamento participativo de Vitória da Conquista não pode ser diretamente relacionado com o aumento da eficiência administrativa da gestão municipal, pois não define adequadamente as prioridades de cada comunidade ou bairro, não estabelece claramente as prioridades para a cidade, nem consegue priorizar e garantir o pleno atendimento das demandas aprovadas em seus congressos. / This case study analyzes the participatory budgeting in Vitória da Conquista and its effective possibilities of democratizing local public administration. In the context of the global economic crisis of the 1980s and the 1990s and the democratization of Brazilian society, participatory budgeting has been analyzed through the emergence of participatory management experiences and discussions on the reform of the State, where the two highlighted key positions, such as proponents of the managerial model, aligned with hegemonic ideas in the 1990s to reduce the role of the state to society and the economy are critical to the ideas of "managerialism" and "globalization." Participatory budgeting was situated in the debate on democratic theory, where different models of democracy are evaluated, such as participatory democracy, deliberative and representative democracy, in addition to addressing the societal model of public management, to understand the development of participatory experiences at different local management in Brazil. Based on a review of the body of literature, document analysis, interviews and questionnaires, this study was conducted in order to assess whether the participatory budget process in Vitória da Conquista (PB-VC) effectively democratizes municipal public administration to the point of setting a societal management. I have analyzed some dimensions of the problem, such as social participation, the legitimacy of the process of Participatory Budgeting (PB) administrative and institutional dimension, and by the different research papers on the PB-VC, in the form of minutes of plenary sessions, forums and conferences delegates, historic crafts, newspapers; interviews with team members and others PB-VC city officials, and members of social movements, trade union leaders of civil servants and opposition Councillors. In addition, there were 350 questionnaires given to the delegates of the Ninth Congress of Participatory Budgeting in 2011, of which 262 were returned and analyzed by using Sphinx Lexica® computer software. The study results indicate that participatory budgeting in Vitória da Conquista only partially contributes to the democratization of municipal public administration; it is not the main instrument of effective public participation in policy and public use of public resources. As a result, the OP-VC does not favor the construction of fully public management societal, expanding channels of participation of civil society, whose participation in municipal management is limited to certain segments. On the other hand, the participatory budget process promoted the expansion of the social basis of political society and the establishment of political ties between a portion of the population and municipal managers, which helped to maintain in municipal power the same political project over fifteen years. Finally, due to its political and administrative constraints, the participatory budgeting process in Vitória da Conquista cannot be directly related to increasing administrative efficiency of the municipal administration. Moreover, it does not adequately define the priorities of each community or neighborhood, nor does it clearly establish priorities for the city, or prioritize and ensure full compliance of demands adopted at its congress.

199 p. / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2012-12-17T20:21:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 9999999999.pdf: 2467330 bytes, checksum: 232694c0d8e4179a7c75de3123b561f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-17T20:21:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 9999999999.pdf: 2467330 bytes, checksum: 232694c0d8e4179a7c75de3123b561f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / O presente estudo de caso analisa o Orçamento Participativo de Vitória da Conquista em suas possibilidades efetivas de democratizar a gestão pública municipal. No contexto da crise econômica mundial dos anos de 1980 e 1990 e da redemocratização da sociedade brasileira, o orçamento participativo foi analisado em meio à emergência de experiências participativas de gestão e às discussões sobre a reforma do Estado, onde se destacaram duas posições principais, como os defensores do modelo gerencial, alinhados com as ideias hegemônicas nos anos 1990 de redução do papel do Estado frente à sociedade e à economia, e os críticos às ideias do “gerencialismo” e da “globalização”. O orçamento participativo foi situado no debate sobre a teoria democrática, onde diferentes modelos de democracia são avaliados, como a democracia participativa, a deliberativa e a representativa, além de abordar o modelo de gestão pública societal, para entender o desenvolvimento de diferentes experiências participativas ao nível da gestão local no Brasil. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental, entrevistas e questionários, o estudo foi conduzido no sentido de avaliar se o orçamento participativo de Vitória da Conquista efetivamente democratiza a gestão pública municipal a ponto de configurar uma gestão societal. Foram analisadas algumas dimensões do problema, como a participação social, a legitimidade do processo de OP e a dimensão institucional administrativa, mediante pesquisa a diferentes documentos sobre o OP-VC, como atas de plenárias, fóruns de delegados e congressos, históricos, ofícios, jornais etc., foram entrevistados integrantes da equipe do OP-VC e outros dirigentes municipais, além de integrantes dos movimentos sociais, líderes sindicais dos servidores públicos e Vereadores da oposição. Também foram aplicados 350 questionários aos delegados do IX Congresso do Orçamento Participativo, em 2011, dos quais 262 foram respondidos e analisados mediante a utilização do software Sphinx Léxica®. Os resultados do estudo indicam que o orçamento participativo de Vitória da Conquista contribui apenas parcialmente com a democratização da gestão pública municipal, pois não é o principal instrumento de uma efetiva participação da população na definição das políticas públicas e na aplicação dos recursos públicos. Em razão disso, o OP-VC não favorece plenamente à construção de uma gestão pública societal, ampliando os canais de participação da sociedade civil, cuja participação na gestão municipal é limitada a alguns segmentos. Por outro lado, o orçamento participativo favoreceu a ampliação da base social da sociedade política e a criação de laços políticos entre parcela da população e os gestores municipais, o que contribuiu para a permanência no poder municipal do mesmo projeto político ao longo de quinze anos. Finalmente, devido às suas limitações políticas e administrativas, o orçamento participativo de Vitória da Conquista não pode ser diretamente relacionado com o aumento da eficiência administrativa da gestão municipal, pois não define adequadamente as prioridades de cada comunidade ou bairro, não estabelece claramente as prioridades para a cidade, nem consegue priorizar e garantir o pleno atendimento das demandas aprovadas em seus congressos. / Salvador

Este trabalho, apresenta a análise de conteúdo de um conjunto de anúncios ecológicos impressos, obtidos de empresas de setores econômicos diversos. Objetivou a analisar a estrutura implícita desses anúncios, os apelos ecológicos utilizados, o grau de profundidade com que o assunto ecologia era tratado pelas empresas pesquisadas. Começa com uma revisão do referencial teórico abordando parâmetros da responsabilidade social; conceitos de marketing estratégico e do marketing operacional; o marketing societal e as relações entre a comunicação integrada de marketing e o marketing ambiental. Como estrutura de análise, selecionou-se uma amostra de anúncios impressos escolhidos por conveniência e por meio de uma análise estatística multivariada, utilizando a técnica do Escalonamento Multidimensional (MDS), obteve-se um mapa perceptual que posiciona as empresas de acordo com critérios de similaridade entre si. Uma outra técnica de estatística multivariada - Análise de Conglomerados – foi aplicada para definir no mapa perceptual, os conglomerados que agrupam as empresas que se caracterizam por serem mais homogêneas entre si. / This work presents an analysis of a sample of printed environmental ads attained from companies of several economic sectors. The purpose was to analyse the implicit structure of such an ads; its environmental appeals; the depth of the ecologic matter was treated by the researched companies. It satarts with a careful analysis of the theory concerning the social responsibility; the strategic and operational marketing concepts; the societal marketing and the relationship of the integrated marketing communications and the green marketing. As analytical framework was used a convenience sample of printed ads and by a multivariate data analysis using the MDS – Multidimensional Scalling technic, a perceptual mapping was built to positioning the companies in terms of similarity judments. Another multivariate technic – Hyerarchical Cluster Analysis – was used as to define, in the perceptual mapping, the clusters that contain the companies that was characterized as to be homogeneous among themselves.

Culture plays an integral role in shaping Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and policies within any organisation. This role is manifested through determining the norms and accepted behaviours in any given society. However, the extent of this societal cultural influence has been deemed to be greatly unexplored among researchers. Societal culture has been defined by Prasad and Babbar (2000) as the compilation of values and ideologies that are shared among an assembly of individuals in a certain country or region. Researchers have been concerned by the relationship between societal culture and HRM practices in developing countries; HRM practices are defined by Armstrong (2006) as all aspects associated with the management of people within the organisation. Therefore, this research represents an investigation of the link between Saudi Arabian societal culture and existing HRM practices within the public and private sectors. Taking into consideration elements affecting Saudi societal culture, such as changing economy and globalisation, these elements impact organisations in Saudi Arabia on two levels. First, the local level, where public organisations are gradually transforming into private organisations with a focus on profitability. Second, the global level, represented through multinational organisations adapting to societal culture elements in order to achieve success. As a result of both levels, HRM practices are changing in order to be effective. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore this particular development and discover how Saudi societal culture impacts five specific HRM practices – highlighted following a comprehensive review of literature – and the role they play in shaping those practices. These practices are: job desirability, recruitment sources, performance appraisal, compensation and rewards, and training programmes. For the purposes of this research, a case study has been conducted in order to provide an in-depth examination. This benefits from a unique opportunity to investigate an ongoing privatisation process within a leading organisation in the Middle East. Saudi Arabian Airlines (SAA) represents an ideal candidate for this study, as the technical services section of the company, SAEI, is going through a privatisation process; this started in 2009 with expected completion in 2015. As the research data collection took place over seven weeks in 2013, this timeline allowed the examination of the transition from public to private sector within one organisation with the same workplace environment. Furthermore, having both sectors within the same organisation creates the possibility of making comparisons between them, as it would have been impossible to find two organisations from each sector possessing the same organisational structure, financial level and operational levels. Moreover, this study involved adopting a mixed-methods approach to incorporate qualitative and quantitative methods. This approach included semi-structured type interviews with eight senior HR managers as well as non-HR managers, and disseminating questionnaires among 200 engineers within the SAEI department. The findings and results of this case study have shown the extent to which each HRM practice interacts with Saudi societal culture. There have been HRM themes greatly influenced by the societal element, while other themes remained neutral and did not reflect any cultural influence. Furthermore, the findings produced mixed results when compared to those in the existing literature. As for the HRM practices affected by societal culture, three were affected based on the collected data: compensation and rewards, job desirability, and training programmes. These practices show clear indication they were influenced by Saudi Arabian societal culture. As for the HRM practices that remained neutral – performance appraisal and recruitment sources – they remained independent of any societal influence. However, after concluding the study and its discussion, this research provides several contributions to the field of HRM practices in Saudi Arabia on two main levels. On the theoretical level, the outcomes confirm a link between Saudi Arabian societal culture and compensation and rewards, training programmes, and job desirability practices. On the other hand, recruitment sources and performance appraisal practices are not greatly influenced. A further contribution is the up-to-date investigation of the impact that Saudi Arabian societal culture has on HRM practices, which helps to address well-known and documented gaps in the literature. As for practical contributions, one contribution is providing a first-hand review of the ongoing transition using primary and secondary research methods for SAA. This is 00considered beneficial for practitioners and multi-national corporations, as this study provides an action guide and insight into preferred HRM practices in Saudi Arabia. Further practical contribution is associated with the developed framework utilised in this research, where this particular framework can be used in the future to accommodate similar privatisation processes or make comparisons with international organisations.

This essay presents an emerging conception of truth and shows how it appropriates Herman Dooyeweerd’s conception. First I compare my “critical hermeneutics” with other reformational models of critique. Then I propose to think of truth as a dynamic correlation between (1) human fidelity to societal principles and (2) a life-giving disclosure of society. This conception recontextualizes the notion of propositional truth, and it links questions of intersubjective validity with Dooyeweerd’s emphasis on “standing in the truth.” While abandoning his idea of transcendent truth, I seek to preserve the holism and normativity of Dooyeweerd’s radical conception.

Since the establishment of the republic in 1923 there has never been a consensus over Turkey‘s national identity, either internally or externally. Westernization was a top-down project that fostered societal resistance from the outset and which received only partial recognition from the West itself. The end of the Cold War has further intensified the debates over Turkish identity both in Turkey itself and in the wider world. This thesis examines the implications of a complex and insecure identity for Turkey‘s political development and in particular its ability to develop an international role commensurate with its size and capabilities. In doing so, it demonstrates the connection between different notions of Turkish identity and foreign policy preferences whilst emphasising also the important role of the international institutional context (for example membership of NATO and the EU) in shaping the preferences of diverse state/societal actors within Turkey in the post-Cold War period. The focus in this regard is on the military, political parties and business/civil-society groups. The thesis engages recent debates between constructivists and rationalists and argues that a constructivist account of Turkish foreign policy is more helpful than a rationalist explanation, through the case studies of Turkey‘s relations with the EU, Greece and the Middle East in the post-Cold War period. It shows how rational actor assumptions operate within a constructivist context and aims to shed light on the relationship between identity, political interests and foreign policy. The thesis also demonstrates that an insecure identity is a barrier to pursue consistent foreign policy goals, thereby lending support to the view that a secure identity is a condition of developing a stable and influential role in the post-Cold War system.

The aims of this study are; (a) to explore how Somali women experience their adjustment in the Swedish society in connection to societal systems, and (b) to investigate these women’s perspective of how to make the adjustment process more effective in respect to their needs. The adjustment of the participants has been investigated through a social ecological theoretical framework. Thematic analysis has been utilised to present three themes; assistance, inclusion and self-sufficient which are discussed using social ecological theoretical perspective. Results showed that lack of assistance and sufficient information has led to these women feeling helpless and lost motivation to adjust. The women showed disappointment with regard to self-sufficiency which has not been what they have expected. The suggestions made by the interviewees included assistance in their native language during their first years in the new country, inclusive opening of meeting places and an increased assessment of personal resources when receiving help to find employment. Making adjustment more effective for newly arrived immigrants in new countries is fundamental to international social work.