The present study examined the effects of societal threat on levels of authoritarianism and social dominance orientation and investigated if those self-report measures were consistent or inconsistent with a measure of implicit attitudes regarding Americans and Immigrants. Exposure to societal threat was hypothesized to increase authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, as well as to increase implicit prejudicial attitudes, as measured by the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), towards out-group members. Based on prior findings, men were expected to have higher levels of social dominance orientation. As predicted, exposure to societal threat significantly increased right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Additionally, men endorsed greater levels of social dominance orientation than did women. However, there were no statistically significant differences in implicit attitudes between the participants who were exposed to societal threat and those who were not (all p’s > .05).

abstract: This study examines changing language loyalties of the sociopolitically most dominant ethnic group in Indonesia, the Javanese. Although Javanese language has the largest number of speakers, within the last five decades the language is gradually losing its speakers who prioritize the national language, Indonesian. This phenomenon led me to inquire into the extent to which their native language matters for their Javanese identity and how the language planning and policy (LPP) mechanism works to foster Javanese language. To collect data, I conducted a six-month ethnographic research project in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The findings show that Javanese language shift occurs because of strong supports from the government toward Indonesian by emphasizing its role as a symbol to unify all ethnic groups in Indonesia into one nation. Consequently, interference in intergenerational language transmission, a limited scope of Javanese use, decrease language competence, and negative attitude toward Javanese are evident. Although Javanese language is still perceived as the most profound marker of Javanese identity, it is now challenging to maintain it because of its limited role in most domains. The study also indicates that the Javanese people are now strongly inclined to Islam reflected by their piety to Islamic rules such as positive attitude to learn liturgic Arabic, to leave behind Javanese tradition not in line with Islam, and to view religion as a panacea to heal social problems. This high regard for Islam is also evident in schools. Furthermore, the Javanese people value highly English although nobody uses it as a medium of daily communication. However, the fact that English is tested in the secondary education national exams and the university entrance exam makes it necessary for people to learn it. In addition, English is regarded as a modern, intellectual, and elite language. In short, the Javanese people perceive English as an avenue to achieve academic and professional success as well as higher social status. Altogether, this study shows that shifting language loyalty among the Javanese people is an indication of societal transformation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:41:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_7676_Dissertacao_Juliana Pereira Torres.pdf: 1306725 bytes, checksum: 7b2565093f864c11da317eebbf071bf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-26 / A presente pesquisa se propôs a estudar a conjugalidade em recém-casados buscando compreender de que maneira as mudanças sociais interferem o início da conjugalidade. Utilizou-se como base a Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS), que constitui um modelo teórico para compreensão e explicação da construção do conhecimento leigo. Dentro da TRS, enfatizou-se a abordagem Societal de Willem Doise, que propõe estudar o fenômeno a partir de quatro níveis de análise: intraindividuais; interindividuais e situacionais; intergrupais e societal. Participaram da pesquisa dez casais de classe média, selecionados a partir dos seguintes critérios: deveriam ter no máximo quatro anos de união civil registrada em cartório - sendo esta a primeira de ambos (1); não deveriam ter filhos (2) e deveriam ter morado com os pais antes do casamento (3). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas que tiveram duração de 13 a 51 minutos e foram gravadas em áudio com o consentimento dos participantes. Os resultados indicam que a conjugalidade atual é permeada tanto pelas antigas quanto pelas novas representações sociais, podendo coexistir na dinâmica marital. Vale ressaltar que um mesmo elemento de representação apresentou significados diferentes para homens e mulheres. Na análise intraindividual foram identificados os elementos mudança de status e influência familiar surgidos no convívio, até então, inédito. Nas análises interindividual e situacional destacou-se o elemento busca pela boa convivência, ou seja, verifica-se que diante dos desafios da conjugalidade os casais buscam o equilíbrio recuperando e balanceando os aspectos positivos da relação, visando a manutenção satisfatória do casamento. Na análise intergrupal foram identificadas diferentes direções de influência das representações sociais na forma com que os casais representam o casamento em relação à família e às redes sociais. Quanto ao trabalho, notou-se que os casais já traziam representações que influenciam a forma como lidam com ele. Por fim, em relação aos amigos foram observados dois vieses: a forma como representam o casamento e os amigos solteiros. A análise societal possibilitou compreender as representações sociais identificadas nos três níveis de análise por meio da identificação de dois metas-sistemas (Doise, 2014). Foram eles: os padrões tradicionais, representados pelos papéis a serem desempenhados por homens e mulheres; e, em sentido contrário, os padrões emergentes, quebrando as fronteiras dos papéis exercidos e promovendo a busca da igualdade na relação no nível profissional, no cuidado com os filhos e com a casa, dentre outros. As representações sociais da conjugalidade apresentaram também elementos que caracterizam a afetividade positiva e a vontade dos casais na construção da vida em conjunto, seja no sentido da partilha do investimento na vida profissional, em busca de um padrão de vida melhor, seja no lazer e na perspectiva de dar boas condições aos filhos que pretendem ter. O desafio dos casais consiste em equilibrar as conquistas em meio aos diversos elementos que interferem na conjugalidade e promover os esforços necessários à conquista dessas metas.

This thesis is based on an ethnographic study of the inhabitants of Whiddy Island, and focuses on the change from one form of societal organisation to another on this island. The thesis is not an ethnography proper, but an attempt to link the local perceptions of change and the changes in the islanders' daily lives, to the wider political economy. Throughout the course of the study my original intention of exploring the tension between technology and community was replaced with the wider hypothesis that there is tension between modernity and community. Technology was revealed as both a product and producer of modernity, and modern state capitalist societies as the antonym not the synonym of community. The 40 remaining islanders represent the last of the transient phase in which community disappears and is replaced by society. The changes in the daily lives of the islanders were not total nor revolutionary. Rather the products of modernity - both policies and artefacts, were absorbed into the islanders' daily lives, and once absorbed the products of modernity promoted modernity in the daily lives of those using them. Modernity is thus a circular process, yet it settled on the island in layers. Each layer produced a new set of paradoxes and reformed the old practices and the old ideology to fit the new setting. The settlement of modernity culminated in the replacement of community members with state citizens. By focusing on the interrelationship and dialogue between modernity, the state and the citizen the processes by which modernity settled on this small island are revealed. It settled both as a result of the direct intervention of state policies on education, emigration and employment, and as a result of local decisions to embrace mechanised transport, domestic technologies and the mass media. By accepting the policies and the artefacts of modernity, the islanders were prohibited from resisting their transformation from community members to state citizens. The island citizen, like all citizens to-day, has a direct dialogue with, and relationship to modernity, and an indirect one mediated by the state.

This thesis examined the influence of Western paternalism on the adoption of gay rights by Nigeria and the Republic of Niger. It seeks to provide an answer to the research question: How has Western paternalism determined Nigeria and the Republic of Niger's positions on the adoption of gay rights? The opposition of gay rights is widespread among African countries, and existing research is yet to provide an encompassing explanation for the trend. This study used the Linkage and leverage theory of Levitsky and Way (2010) to expand on research gaps found in previous literature. This thesis argues that the position of African nations on gay rights depended on their Western Linkage and Leverage from Western and non-Western external powers. A comparative, qualitative analysis of Nigeria and the Republic of Niger showed that both countries have strong Western Linkage and Leverage from Western countries. However, Nigeria has been able to resist the pressure to adopt gay rights because of its alternative leverage with non-Western countries like China and its vast oil reserve. The findings also provide further theoretical insights into the linkage and leverage concept, and it makes recommendations for further studies.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global health crisis. Consequently, many countries have adopted restrictive measures that caused a substantial change in society. Within this framework, it is reasonable to suppose that a sentiment of societal discontent, defined as generalized concern about the precarious state of society, has arisen. Literature shows that collectively experienced situations can motivate people to help each other. Since societal discontent is conceptualized as a collective phenomenon, we argue that it could influence intention to help others, particularly those who suffer from coronavirus. Thus, in the present study, we aimed (a) to explore the relationship between societal discontent and intention to help at the individual level and (b) to investigate a possible moderating effect of societal discontent at the country level on this relationship. To fulfil our purposes, we used data collected in 42 countries (N = 61,734) from the PsyCorona Survey, a cross-national longitudinal study. Results of multilevel analysis showed that, when societal discontent is experienced by the entire community, individuals dissatisfied with society are more prone to help others. Testing the model with longitudinal data (N = 3,817) confirmed our results. Implications for those findings are discussed in relation to crisis management. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. / New York University Abu Dhabi

Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2007 / This study explored the self-esteem of teenagers with oculocutaneous albinism and how they perceive societal attitudes towards them. A total of 40 teenage learners with oculocutaneous albinism from a special school and 60 teenage learners without the condition from the regular school in the Polokwane Municipality (Limpopo Province-South Africa) participated in the study. Qualitative and quantitative methods were triangulated in the study. Data were collected using the questionnaires and focus group discussions. The results revealed that teenagers with oculocutaneous albinism (experimental group) scored higher (Mean=36.08) than the control group (Mean=33.57) on the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. The study furthermore revealed that community members and teachers are perceived as having mixed (positive and negative) attitudes whereas family members and peers hold positive attitudes towards teenagers with oculocutaneous albinism. Although the teenagers with oculocutaneous albinism were found to have positive self-esteem, there is still a need for more organized community education programmes to educate the Black African communities about albinism.

Este trabalho, apresenta a análise de conteúdo de um conjunto de anúncios ecológicos impressos, obtidos de empresas de setores econômicos diversos. Objetivou a analisar a estrutura implícita desses anúncios, os apelos ecológicos utilizados, o grau de profundidade com que o assunto ecologia era tratado pelas empresas pesquisadas. Começa com uma revisão do referencial teórico abordando parâmetros da responsabilidade social; conceitos de marketing estratégico e do marketing operacional; o marketing societal e as relações entre a comunicação integrada de marketing e o marketing ambiental. Como estrutura de análise, selecionou-se uma amostra de anúncios impressos escolhidos por conveniência e por meio de uma análise estatística multivariada, utilizando a técnica do Escalonamento Multidimensional (MDS), obteve-se um mapa perceptual que posiciona as empresas de acordo com critérios de similaridade entre si. Uma outra técnica de estatística multivariada - Análise de Conglomerados – foi aplicada para definir no mapa perceptual, os conglomerados que agrupam as empresas que se caracterizam por serem mais homogêneas entre si. / This work presents an analysis of a sample of printed environmental ads attained from companies of several economic sectors. The purpose was to analyse the implicit structure of such an ads; its environmental appeals; the depth of the ecologic matter was treated by the researched companies. It satarts with a careful analysis of the theory concerning the social responsibility; the strategic and operational marketing concepts; the societal marketing and the relationship of the integrated marketing communications and the green marketing. As analytical framework was used a convenience sample of printed ads and by a multivariate data analysis using the MDS – Multidimensional Scalling technic, a perceptual mapping was built to positioning the companies in terms of similarity judments. Another multivariate technic – Hyerarchical Cluster Analysis – was used as to define, in the perceptual mapping, the clusters that contain the companies that was characterized as to be homogeneous among themselves.

A questão da securitização das migrações, enquanto problema de pesquisa, surgiu no contexto dos debates acerca da ampliação do conceito de segurança que tomou corpo no pós-Guerra Fria, dadas as grandes transformações que se sucederam a este evento-chave da política internacional contemporânea. No caso da fronteira Estados Unidos-México, este é um fenômeno que, de fato, pode ser observado desde o final dos anos 1970, tendo atingido o seu ápice no pós-Onze de Setembro. A partir deste cenário, o objetivo do presente trabalho de pesquisa é o de analisar a dinâmica da securitização dos fluxos migratórios no contexto da fronteira Estados Unidos-México; em especial, o caso dos imigrantes indocumentados, que são o alvo primário das práticas securitizantes. Para tanto, será empregado o ferramental teórico desenvolvido pela Escola de Copenhague; em especial, a teoria de securitização e o conceito de segurança societal. Ao final, buscar-se-á problematizar a questão, tendo-se em vista as reflexões desenvolvidas ao longo do trabalho, bem como avaliar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento da mesma, assumindo como pressuposto que o ideal seria a progressiva desecuritização do tema e a adoção de uma política migratória, por parte dos EUA, mais moderna, pragmática e humana, e que a questão da segurança fosse tratada separadamente, considerando a questão migratória mas sem elevá-la ao nível do excepcional, que é o que justifica a securitização, a qual tem um enorme potencial para gerar, nesta seara, graves consequências de caráter humanitário. / The securitization of migrations issue as a research problem has arisen in the context of the debates on broadening the concept of security in the post-Cold War era, taking in consideration the significant changes that followed this key-event in the contemporary international politics. In the case of the United States-Mexico border, this is a phenomenon that, in fact, can be observed since the late 1970s, having reached its apex in the post-09/11. In this scenario, the aim of the current research work is to assess the dynamics of the securitization of migrations flows in the context of the United States-Mexico border; mainly, the case of the undocumented immigrants, who are the primary targets of the securitization practices. Theoretical methodology developed by the Copenhagen School; mainly the securitization theory and the concept of societal security, will be utilized as assessment tools in the current research work. At the end, the objective will be to problematize the question, taking in consideration the reflections raised during the research work, as well as evaluating the development possibilities, assuming as an ideal scenario the progressive desecuritization and the adoption of a more modern, pragmatic, and human migratory policy by the United States; and that the security issue be treated separately, considering the migratory issue but without elevating it to the exceptional level, which justifies the securitization, and has an enormous potential of generating severe humanitarian consequences in this field.

[pt] O projeto da autonomia é a linha mestra deste trabalho que segue basicamente as orientações de Cornelius Castoriadis e de Boaventura de Souza Santos. Em busca da autonomia, percorreu-se os ensinamentos da psicanálise sobre a formação individual do sujeito humano, que tem no seu cerne a socialização. Dedicou-se também algumas linhas à crise de degenerescência vivida pelo paradigma moderno bem como aos reflexos desta crise no direito, isto é, na concepção do direito moderno. Viu-se que o paradigma moderno, mesmo com toda a sua eficiência, foi incapaz de contribuir para a autonomia social e individual, pelo fato de partir de uma concepção antropológica equivocada, que enxerga o homem à semelhança de uma máquina. O desprezo ao imaginário radical e social-histórico resultou na heteronomia do homem moderno e das sociedades atuais. Até mesmo a concepção hegemônica de democracia, a despeito de ser fruto exemplar do imaginário social, contribui para a heteronomia, na medida em que se valoriza a democracia representativa, ou seja, a democracia liberal, assentada em bases elitistas que reforçam, cada vez mais, o analfabetismo político das massas e reproduzem a heteronomia. Buscou-se apresentar uma nova concepção do sujeito, do direito e da democracia, visando contribuir para a construção do alicerce sobre o qual se sustentará a sociedade autônoma. / [en] The project of autonomy is the main guide line to this work, in line with the ideas of Cornelius Castoriadis and Boaventura de Souza Santos. In search of autonomy, we have followed the trend set by the lessons of Psychoanalysis about the human being s individual development turning around the idea of socialization. The modern paradigm s crisis of decay has also been discussed, as well as its reflexes on law, more specifically on the idea of modern law. Even if the modern paradigm is considered to be efficient, it has been incapable of contributing to both social and individual autonomy because it is based on a wrong anthropological concept, which deals with humans as if they were machines. The contempt for the radical and social-historic imagery has resulted in the heteronomy of both modern man and contemporary societies. Although the hegemonic concept of democracy is the model example of social imagery, it has contributed to heteronomy, since it stresses the importance of representative democracy, that is to say, liberal democracy, based on Schumpeterian principles which increasingly reinforce mass political illiteracy and reproduce heteronomy. The search for a new approach to subject, to law and democracy has guided this study in order to contribute to the establishment of foundations upon which autonomous society may stand.